”Gastromax Duo” är ett examensarbete som genomförts inom ramarna för Innovations- och designingenjörsutbildningen vid Karlstads universitet. Projektet har självständigt fullföljts av Joakim Ahlgren och Joakim Lidström under vårterminen 2010. Examensarbetets omfattning är 22,5 hp. Uppdragsgivare för projektet är Peter Ottosson och Jonas Eriksson på Sveico AB i Gnosjö. Handledare för projektet hos uppdragsgivaren har varit Peter Johansson. Monica Jakobsson har varit handledare på Karlstads universitet. Lennart Wihk, industridesigner och universitetsadjunkt vid Karlstads universitet, är examinator och har fungerat som handledare och bollplank i designprocessen. Sveico AB ligger i Gnosjö och tillverkar köksredskap och andra tillbehör till köksmiljön. I Sveicos produktportfölj återfinns produktserien Gastromax, som riktar sig specifikt till hemmakocken. Gastromax-serien saknar emellertid ett kompakt sönderdelningsredskap för matvaror, vilket föranledde detta produktutvecklingsprojekt. Den största enskilda delen i projektet har varit en grundlig förstudie där projektgruppen kartlagt vilka behov och önskemål som finns hos användarna, samt hur marknaden ser ut för produkten. Förstudien består av intervjuer med konsumenter, professionella användare och representanter för handeln samt användarstudier. Under produktutvecklingsprocessen har en rad olika idégenereringsmetoder används, såväl internt i projektgruppen, som externt med utomstående individer. Under den påföljande konceptutvecklingsfasen lades stor vikt vid framtagningen av fysiska modeller för utvärdering av idéer och lösningar. Av de nitton koncept som sammanställdes från idégenereringsfasen, sållades sex koncept ut med hjälp av systematiska utvärderingsmetoder. De sex koncepten presenterades för uppdragsgivaren, som i sin tur valde ut två av koncepten, vilka projektgruppen vidareutvecklat till det slutgiltiga produktförslaget. Den slutgiltiga detaljlösningen omhuldas av sekretess, men tre nyckelegenskaper hos det hopfällbara sönderdelningsredskapet kan noteras: Lång rivyta Ställbar arbetsvinkel Två rivytor, en fin och en grov Projektets slutliga resultat är en produktbeskrivning med förslag på övergripande utformning, mekanisk lösning av ställbarheten och materialval för produktens olika delar. / ”Gastromax Duo” is a degree project for the Innovation and Design Engineering program at Karlstad University. Joakim Ahlgren and Joakim Lidström have independently carried out the project during Spring Term 2010. The degree project extends 22,5 ECTS credits. The assigners for this project are Peter Ottosson and Jonas Eriksson at Sveico AB in Gnosjö, Sweden. Peter Johansson is the project supervisor at Sveico AB and Monica Jacobsson is the academic supervisor at Karlstad University. The examiner at Karlstad University is Lennart Wihk, who has also supported the project team during the design process. Sveico AB is located in Gnosjö, Sweden and manufactures kitchen utensils and other kitchen accessories. In the Sveico AB product portfolio resides the Gastromax series of kitchen tools for the ”home chef”. The lack of a foldable grater within the Gastromax series was noticed by the Sveico AB management, which brought about this project. The largest part of this project was a very thorough pre-study phase, where the project team mapped out the needs and wishes of the users, along with research about the market of the product. The pre-study consists of interviews with consumers, professional users and representatives of commerce, along with user studies. During the product development process, a number of idea generation methods has been used, both internally in the project team and externally with uninitiated individuals. During the subsequent concept generation phase, emphasis was put on the development of physical models, used to evaluate ideas and solutions. Out of the 19 concepts that were developed during the concept generation phase, six was chosen through a set of systematic evaluation routines. These six concepts were presented to the assigners that in turn chose two of the concepts for the project team to develop further. These two concepts was then combined and transformed into the final product proposal. The final, detailed solution is surrounded with secrecy, but three key concepts in the final foldable grater can be officially stated: A long grating surface Adjustable work angle Two grating surfaces: one fine and one coarse The final result of the project is a product description of the grater, with a proposal of a general design, a mechanical solution of the adjustability aspect and a suggestion of materials for the different product components.

This work consists of two main parts: i) Design and implementation of a compact current-reusing 2.4GHz direct-modulation transmitter with on-chip automatic tuning; ii) Design and implementation of a novel highly-reconfigurable, continuously tunable, power-adjustable Active-RC filter for multiple standards. The design, analysis, and experimental verification of a proposed self-calibrating, current reused 2.4GHz, direct-modulation transmitter are introduced. A stacked arrangement of the power amplifier/voltage-controlled oscillator is presented along with a novel LC-tank-tuning algorithm with a simple, low-cost, on-chip implementation. To transmit maximum power, the tuning loop ensures the PA's resonant tank is centered around the operating frequency, and the loop requires no ADC, DSP, or external signal generator. This work also details the proposed tuning-loop algorithm and examines the frequency-dependent nonlinear power-detector. The system was implemented in TSMC 0.18[mu]m CMOS, occupies 0.7 mm² (TX) + 0.1 mm² (self tuning), and was measured in a QFN48 package on FR4 PCB. Automatically adjusting the tank-tuning bits within their tuning range results in >4dB increase in output power. With the self-tuning circuit active, the transmitter delivers a measured output power of > 0dBm to a 100-[omega] differential load, and the system consumes 22.9 mA from a 2.2-V supply. A biquad design methodology and a baseband low-pass filter is presented for wireless and wireline applications with reconfigurable frequency response, selectable order (1st/3rd/5th), continuously tunable cutoff frequency (1MHz-20MHz) and adjustable power consumption (3mW-7.5mW). A discrete capacitor array coarsely tunes the low-pass filter, and a novel Continuous Impedance Multiplier (CIM) then finely tunes the filter. Resistive/capacitive networks select between the Chebyshev and Inverse Chebyshev approximation types. Also, a new stability metric for biquads, Minimum Acceptable Phase Margin (MAPM), is presented and discussed in the context of filter compensation and passband ripple considerations. Experimental results yield an IIP3 of 31.3dBm, a THD of -40dB at 447mV[subscript pk, diff] input signal amplitude, and a DR of 71.4dB. The filters tunable range covers frequencies from 1MHz to 20MHz. In Inverse Chebyshev mode, the filter achieves a passband group delay variation less than ±2:5%. The design is fabricated in 0.13[mu]m CMOS, occupies 1.53mm², and operates from a 1-V supply.

Nowadays the Learning Management System (LMS) platforms provide limited bidirectional, interactive mechanisms that they are competent to handle personal or small-scale distance learning systems. These mechanisms are designed for one to many online tutorials, and the technology utilizes single-input by single-output video stream technology, the video and audio data need to be coupled with one or many Multipoint Control Units (MCU) to mix or convert them into a single output media stream. In this platform MCU is critical to LMS, however, such system is expensive, lack of capacity and difficult to be massively deployed. Access-Grid (AG), an Open Source program, offers users capability to watch online multimedia audio-video contents from all the interconnected nodes of LMS through Multicast protocol, and supports groups-to-group high quality interactive distance learning. It requires all the networks to support the Multicast protocol. The MBONE (Multicast Backbone) can be used to connect different Multicast groups via Unicast communication. However, if the number of groups involving in the distance learning are large, the host computers or routers of the network will be heavily loaded because they need to handle the delivering of the media packets. To use a QuickBridge for aggregating and delivering packages is an alternative of LMS and requires (N-1) *N *BW bandwidth . For example, if there is a 15 nodes online conference and each node uses 800kbps data rate to transmit audio-video contents, then the demanded bandwidth of the aggregation is 168 Mbps. The way of dispersing and controlling the data flow becomes important factors and will greatly affect the quality of the AG online conference. This thesis modifies the procedure of AG and QuickBridge, and allows all the AG Clients to be able to transmit Unicast and Multicast packets in the online conference. It offers a Meeting Management Server to dynamically adjust topology and hub points, and achieves better elasticity to the system. By modifying VIC and RAT procedure, the system controls the outbound audio-video data flow from each nodes of online conference, and reduces the demand of bandwidth. The system can directly provide end-to-end conferencing, using Unicast communication to connect the nodes in different Multicast groups, or using the Multicast on the backbone and then using unicast communication to the local nodes. The functionality of the LMS can be improved and capable of supporting multi-windows to multi-user interactive online conference for the users. The results of this thesis can be applied upon real-time interactive distance learning, online video conferencing and interactive online TV. It also helps to lower the cost of the system and reduce the requirement of network bandwidth.

In this study, universal motion command generator systems utilizing a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and an interface board for Robotics and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) applications have been developed. These command generation systems can be classified into two main groups as polynomial approximation and data compression based methods. In the former type of command generation methods, the command trajectory is firstly divided into segments according to the inflection points. Then, the segments are approximated using various polynomial techniques. The sequence originating from modeling error can be further included to the generated series. In the second type, higher-order differences of a given trajectory (i.e. position) are computed and the resulting data are compressed via lossless data compression techniques. Besides conventional approaches, a novel compression algorithm is also introduced in the study. This group of methods is capable of generating trajectory data at variable rates in forward and reverse directions. The generation of the commands is carried out according to the feed-rate (i.e. the speed along the trajectory) set by the external logic dynamically. These command generation techniques are implemented in MATLAB and then the best ones from each group are realized using FPGAs and their performances are assessed according to the resources used in the FPGA chip, the speed of command generation, and the memory size in Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) chip located on the development board.

Harmonic distortions are inevitably caused by a rectifier and an inverter due to their inherent nonlinearities. An AC-DC-AC converter, configured by the series connection of a rectifier, DC link, and an inverter, induces harmonic distortions at both AC sides and at the DC link. These harmonics can nonlinearly interact or modulate the fundamental frequencies at the AC sides to cause interharmonic distortions. Harmonic and interharmonic distortions can seriously hamper the normal operation of the power system by means of side effects such as excitation of undesirable electrical and/or mechanical resonances, misoperation of control devices, and so forth. This dissertation presents effective methodologies to mitigate harmonic and interharmonic distortions by applying dithered pulse-width modulated (PWM) signals to a voltage-sourced inverter (VSI) type adjustable speed drive (ASD). The proposed methods are also efficient because the dithering applications are performed on control signals without the need for additional devices. By the help of dithering, the rejection bandwidth of a harmonic filter can be relaxed, which enables a lower-order configuration of harmonic filters. First, this dissertation provides a dithering application on gating signals of a sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) inverter in the simulated VSI-ASD model. The dithering is implemented by adding intentional noise into the SPWM process to randomize rising and falling edges of each pulse in a PWM waveform. As a result of the randomized edges, the periodicity of each pulse is varied, which result in mitigated harmonic tones. This mitigation of PWM harmonics also reduces associated interharmonic distortions at the source side of the ASD. The spectral densities at harmonic and interharmonic frequencies are quanti fied by Fourier analysis. It demonstrates approximately up to 10 dB mitigation of harmonic and interharmonic distortions. The nonlinear relationship between the mitigated interharmonics and harmonics is confirmed by cross bicoherence analysis of source- and DC-side current signals. Second, this dissertation proposes a dithered sigma-delta modulation (SDM) technique as an alternative to the PWM method. The dithering method spreads harmonic tones of the SD M bitstream into the noise level. The noise-shaping property of SDM induces lower noise density near the fundamental frequency. The SDM bitstream is then converted into SDM waveform after zero-order interpolation by which the noise-shaping property repeats at every sampling frequency of the bitstream. The advantages of SDM are assessed by comparing harmonic densities and the number of switching events with those of SPWMs. The dithered SD M waveform bounds harmonic and noise densities below approximately -30 dB with respect to the fundamental spectral density without increasing the number of switching events. Third, this dissertation provides additional validity of the proposed method via hardware experiments. For harmonic assessment, a commercial three-phase inverter module is supplied by a DC voltage source. Simulated PWM signals are converted into voltage waveforms to control the inverter. To evaluate interharmonic distortions, the experimental configuration is extended to a VSI-ASD model by connecting a three-phase rectifier to the inverter module via a DC link. The measured voltage and current waveforms are analyzed to demonstrate coincident properties with the simulation results in mitigating harmonics and interharmonics. The experimental results also provide the efficacy of the proposed methods; the dithered SPWM method effectively mitigates the fundamental frequency harmonics and associated interharmonics, and the dithered SDM reduces harmonics with the desired noise-shaping property. / text

The purpose of this study has been to investigate the views of five teachers on their own leadership, and on the way they make it work in the classroom. The method was a qualitative investigation consisting of separate interviews with five elementary school teachers from three different schools in the southern part of Stockholm. The results showed that a good pedagogic leadership, successful with the pupils, can be characterised as at the same time democratic and "situation adjustable". This includes the ability to formulate the rules of conduct clearly, to take decisions and to create a good working atmosphere in the classroom, so that the pupils can feel secure, and be able to learn and develop. That however, cannot be accomplished if the teacher only maintains a negative communication, reminding the pupils of what is forbidden. A majority of the interviewed teachers emphasised the importance of positive feedback, and maintaining the work motivation of the pupils was seen as an important aspect of leadership in the classroom. A good leadership is furthermore characterised by the flexibility of the teacher in adapting to different situations and to the maturity of the pupil or group. Flexibility in adjusting the level of the lesson, and of the tasks given to the individual pupils or groups, is also an aspect of leadership. The results finally showed that the teacher should try to maintain a good personal relationship not just to the pupil but also with the parents. This makes it easier for the teacher to influence the pupils and engage them in a better performance in the classroom, scholastically as well as in terms of conduct.

It has been estimated that LAGB represents about 42% of bariatric operations performed worldwide. There are a number of different adjustable gastric bands available. Few attempts have been made to compare the influence of band design differences for efficiency and complication rate. There are no accepted criteria for choosing this particular operation. In the dissertation we compared one year results after adjustable gastric banding using different adjustable gastric bands – SAGB and MiniMizer Extra. We have determined that laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is effective and safe bariatric procedure: the average percentage of initial excess body mass index loss was 33,1 ± 21,9%; 34.1% of patients achieved fair, 30,6% - good, 9,4% - very good and 2,4% - excellent results according to BAROS; only 5 (4,9%) major complications were diagnosed. No radical differences were stated between the efficiency and complication rate of the compared adjustable gastric bands: the average percentage of initial excess body mass index loss in SAGB and MiniMizer Extra groups was 28,9 ± 21,3% and 36,8 ± 22.1% respectively, p=0.075; major complication rate was 0 (0%) and 5 (9.3%) respectively, p=0.069. Patients at the age of 40 and older achieved better results using MiniMizer Extra band - the average percentage of initial excess body mass index loss was 37,5 ± 20,8% versus 23,6 ± 13,8% in SAGB group, p=0.002. Patients with initial BMI ≤ 47 achieved better results using MiniMizer Extra band... [to full text] / Šiuo metu Pasaulyje skrandžio apjuosimo reguliuojama juosta operacijos sudaro apie 43 % visų chirurginių operacijų, atliekamų nutukimui gydyti. Iki šiol nėra pilnai ištirta operacijoje naudojamų skrandį apjuosiančių reguliuojamų juostų konstrukcijos skirtumų įtaka gydymo rezultatams, taip pat nėra priimtų pacientų atrankos šiai operacijai kriterijų. Disertacijoje palyginome vienerių metų nutukimo chirurginio gydymo rezultatus naudojant skirtingas skrandį apjuosiančias reguliuojamas juostas – SAGB ir MiniMizer Extra. Nustatėme, kad skrandžio apjuosimo reguliuojama juosta operacija yra efektyvus ir saugus nutukimo gydymo būdas: vidutinis procentinis perteklinio kūno masės indekso sumažėjimas buvo 33,1 ± 21,9%; vertinant pagal BAROS, 34.1% pacientų pasiekė patenkinamą, 30,6% - gerą, 9,4% – labai gerą ir 2,4% – puikų gydymo rezultatą; pasitaikė 5 (4,9%) „didžiosios” komplikacijos. Esminių skirtumų tarp lygintų juostų efektyvumo ir komplikacijų skaičiaus po vienerių metų po operacijos nenustatyta: vidutinis procentinis perteklinio kūno masės indekso sumažėjimas SAGB ir MiniMizer Extra grupėse buvo atitinkamai 28,9 ± 21,3% ir 36,8 ± 22.1%, p=0.075, o „didžiųjų” komplikacijų skaičius atitinkamai 0 (0%) ir 5 (9.3%), p=0.069. 40 metų ir vyresni pacientai geresnių rezultatų pasiekė naudojant MiniMizer Extra juostą - vidutinis procentinis perteklinio kūno masės indekso sumažėjimas buvo 37,5 ± 20,8% prieš 23,6 ± 13,8 % SAGB grupėje, p=0.002. Pacientai, kurių pradinis KMI ≤ 47, geresnių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Careers education was first established in Sweden at the beginning of the 1940s. At that time it was mainly the concern of the Swedish Labour Market Board. The Labour Market Board started to develop a model, partly influenced by the activities of other countries in the field, that over the years grew into something exceptional with for instance a lot of activities in schools. In the early stages the aim was the development and production of informational texts. The person behind most of the ideas was Einar Neymark. In 1971, responsibility for careers education was handed over to the school authorities except for the part concerning the production of occupational information texts. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of careers education as it is represented in occupational information texts produced by the Swedish Labour Market Board, in the period from 1940 - 1970. The empirical research focuses on careers education and gaining an understanding through the texts within (not about) careers education. The research has a philosophical-hermeneutic orientation and falls into two parts. Starting from an assumption that the intentions behind careers education are met, three “careers education realities” are constructed for the sake of argument. These realities are then analysed using a theoretical framework grounded in educational sociology, or more precisely the thinking of Durkheim and Bernstein. The result shows that careers education plays an important role in making invisible the connection between school and society hierarchies and also in creating a collective conscience in a Durkheimian sense. The first constructed “reality” shows that a careers education based on labour market considerations is both normative and deterministic. In this careers education the labour market consists of a variety of working lives depending on who you are and where you come from. For that reason careers education is both limiting and subordinating according to sex and class background. A consciousness-raising careers education is moralizing and limiting. A “perfect” working life is presented to which individuals can relate their personal qualities. For that reason careers education also subordinates. A study-motivating careers education is principally motivating for those who have already had good experiences of schooling. It limits and subordinates primarely in terms of sex. Possible relations between education and working life are mostly discussed in general terms. For example, education will be a good thing to have in a future working life as an insurance against unemployment. The extended analysis, where the above mentioned results are put together, shows that careers education can be described as unjust, limiting and concealing. It is unfair in that it creates images about different and non-questionable working lives for young people to fit into, in that it perpetuates sex and class subordination, and in that it uses present individually related competencies as the grounds for future education and employment. It is limiting through being normative, moralizing and subordinating. It is concealing in that it is being selective concerning the information given in the texts prepared for pupils. Careers education is also adjustable. It fits easily into different situations by being pragmatic and flexible, as is shown by the impact of other scientific areas. This adjustability makes it possible to use careers education regardless of the conception you may have of career choices or wherever careers education is carried out. Being adjustable is not something to be avoided in careers education, on the contrary it is a condition for its existence.

Orientadores: João Marcos Travassos Romano, Cynthia Cristina Martins Junqueira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T17:05:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChinattoJunior_AdilsonWalter_M.pdf: 7887281 bytes, checksum: 23d4e34e4a2b77a46e1707773d7b5fdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O Processamento Largamente Linear, desenvolvido durante a década de 1990, tem levado a uma melhoria no desempenho de algoritmos adaptativos para determinadas situações que empregam sinais impróprios. Quando aplicado a arranjos de antenas, esse tipo de processamento apresenta a potencialidade ser mais robusto e eficiente que as técnicas clássicas de filtragem. Dessa forma, este trabalho busca estender uma série de algoritmos adaptativos clássicos de conformação de feixe para a forma largamente linear, verificando através de simulações os eventuais ganhos em desempenho obtidos na tarefa de mitigação de interferentes através de arranjos de antenas. São avaliados algoritmos treinados, com restrições e cegos, cobrindo um leque relativamente amplo de cenários de utilização. Visando o uso de arranjos de antenas em cenários em que os sinais incidentes possuam modulação real, são propostas otimizações para os algoritmos largamente lineares que levam a uma redução da complexidade computacional, mantendo o desempenho do algoritmo original. Essas otimizações são aplicadas para algoritmos treinados, com restrições e cegos, sendo seus desempenhos comparados através de simulações com os desempenhos obtidos através dos algoritmos largamente lineares originais e dos algoritmos estritamente lineares. Por fim, uma plataforma para testes de arranjos de antenas é implementada em hardware provido de dispositivo de lógica programável (FPGA), permitindo que sejam realizados ensaios práticos envolvendo caracterização de antenas, conformação de feixe não adaptativa e mitigação de interferentes através de algoritmos adaptativos / Abstract: Widely Linear Processing, developed during the 1990s, has led to an improved performance of adaptive algorithms under certain situations that involve improper signals. When applied to antenna arrays, this type of processing shows to be potentially more robust and efficient than the classical filtering techniques. The objective of this work is to extend several classic adaptive beamforming algorithms to the widely linear form, verifying by means of simulations the potential gains in performance when applied to the task of mitigating interference in antenna arrays. Trained, restricted and blind algorithms are considered, covering a relatively broad range of feasible scenarios. Addressing the use of antenna arrays in scenarios in which the incident signals involved have real modulation, optimizations for the widely linear algorithms are proposed, thereby promoting reductions in the computational complexity, while maintaining the original algorithm performance. These optimizations are applied to trained, restricted and blind algorithms, and their performance is compared through simulations with the performances obtained using the original algorithms in their largely linear and strictly linear versions. Finally, an antenna array test platform is implemented in the hardware, allowing practical tests to be carried out. A set of measures taken with the antenna array test platform is exhibited, which include characterization of antennas, non-adaptive beamforming and interference mitigation using adaptive algorithms / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Este estudo avaliou a habilidade de duas técnicas, uma convencional e uma de transferência direta do molde, para a montagem do modelo de gesso maxilar no articulador. Um único paciente do sexo feminino, 39 anos, portador de arcada superior de Classe I de Kennedy (desdentado posterior bilateral) foi usado para esta investigação. Foram obtidos 20 modelos de gesso em cada técnica, totalizando 40 montagens nos articuladores. Com o modelo maxilar montado, cada articulador foi fotografado do mesmo lado direito da radiografia em norma lateral da paciente, obtida com o arco facial montado em sua face. As medidas analisadas nos traçados realizados sobre as fotografias e na radiografia, foram obtidas calculando-se o ângulo entre a interseção do plano oclusal da maxila e o plano de referência horizontal (plano de Frankfurt), representado pelo arco facial na radiografia da paciente, comparando-o com o ângulo entre o plano oclusal do modelo de gesso e o ramo superior do articulador em ambas as técnicas, por meio do software UTHSCSA Image Tool. O dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram uma capacidade maior de reprodução daquele ângulo quando uma técnica de transferência direta do molde é usada. Da mesma maneira, foi verificado uma distorção significante na reprodutibilidade dos modelos montados pela técnica convencional. / This study assessed the ability of two techniques to mount the maxillary cast in the articulator, a conventional technique and one of direct transfer of the maxillary arch impression from the patient\'s mouth to the articulator. A single female subject, 39 years old, with a partially edentulous arch, Kennedy´s Class I, was used in this investigation. It was obtained 20 casts in each technique, totaling 40 cast mountings in the articulators. With the maxillary cast mounted, each articulator was photographed in the same right side of the lateral skull cephalometric radiograph of the patient with the face-bow mounted in her face. The measures obtained by the photographic and cephalometric tracings were evaluated by calculating the angle made by the intersection of the maxillary occlusal plane with craniofacial horizontal reference plane (Frankfort´s plane) on the patient´s cephalogram and comparing it with the angle between the occlusal plane of the cast with the upper member of the articulators in both techniques using the UTHSCSA Image Tool computerized program. The measuring data was submitted to the statistical analysis. The results of this study demonstrated a better capacity of reproduction of that angle when a direct transfer technique is used. In the same way, it was found a significant low level of reproducibility in mounting the maxillary cast when a conventional technique is used.