Le crédit est indispensable au bon fonctionnement de l’économie. Il existe sous différentes formes (financement participatif, émission obligataire, etc.). L’une des plus répandues reste le crédit bancaire, et lorsque ce crédit est dispensé par au moins deux établissements financiers, il s’agit d’un « crédit syndiqué » qui répond à une certaine organisation collective. C’est dans ce contexte qu’un « agent du crédit » assure l’administration du crédit. En fonction du droit applicable, il peut être un « agent » (droit anglais) ou encore un « mandataire » (droit français). De surcroît, ces financements étant généralement pourvus de sûretés et de garanties il est fréquent de constater l’intervention d’un « agent des sûretés ». Ce dernier agit comme un véritable « gardien » des sûretés et des garanties dont bénéficient les parties financières en garantie de la bonne exécution des obligations des emprunteurs au titre des documents de financement. Son rôle est donc crucial. / Credit is essential for the smooth functioning of the economy. It is existing in various forms (crowdfunding, bond issuance, etc.). One of the most widespread is the bank loan, and when this credit is provided by at least two financial institutions, it is a "syndicated loan" that has to fulfil a certain collective organization. It is in this context that a "facility agent" ensures the administration of loan. Depending on the applicable law, it may be an « agent » (English law) or a « mandataire » (French law). Moreover, as these financings are generally provided with security and guarantees, it is frequent to observe the intervention of a "security agent". The latter acts as a "guardian" of the security and guarantees the financial parties are benefiting from as guarantee of the proper performance of borrowers' obligations under the finance documents. Its role is therefore crucial.

2015 年年底，⽇本與韓國政府迅速發表有關慰安婦議題的協議。雖然此協 議在國際上獲得讚揚，然⽽卻引起韓國⼈民、慰安婦及⽀持者們的嚴厲批判。 這「最終定案」的協議被視為對犧牲者的背叛，於是幾百位韓國抗議⼈民，包 括慰安婦，⾛上街頭並譴責協議。簡⾔之，慰安婦議題橫亙韓⽇兩國之間且相 當棘⼿。過去幾⼗年，韓國⼈民對於⽇本的道歉感到不滿。因此本論⽂將探究 韓國⼈對於⽇本道歉持續不滿的原因。本研究會依循2015 年協議無效，並進⼀ 步揭露協議真正的⽬的。本論⽂以質量分析研討諸多學術性期刊、報告等資 料。 / At the end of year 2015, Japanese and South Korean governments announced a quick agreement over the long-standing issue of “comfort women.” While the agreement won international praises, it raised sharp criticisms from the South Korean citizens, the former comfort women and their supporters. This “final and irreversible” deal was seen as a betrayal of the victims, leading hundreds of South Korean protesters including former comfort women out on the street to denounce the deal. The comfort women issue remained a stubbornly unsolvable issue between the two countries. For the past decades, South Korean people were never satisfied with Japan’s past apologies. This thesis aims to study the reasons behind South Korean people’s constant dissatisfaction towards Japan’s allegations; to trace the ineffectiveness 2015 agreement; and to reveal the true purpose behind the agreement. This thesis is based on qualitative analysis of various scholarly books, journals and reports relevant to the topic at hand.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Nesta pesquisa, analisamos a variÃvel concordÃncia nominal de nÃmero entre os constituintes do sintagma nominal (SN) no falar da regiÃo do Cariri cearense à luz dos pressupostos teÃrico-metodolÃgicos da Teoria da VariaÃÃo e MudanÃa LinguÃstica (LABOV, WEINREICH, HERZOG, 2006; LABOV, 1978, l994; 2001; 2003). Nosso objetivo geral foi investigar em que medida os fatores linguÃsticos posiÃÃo dos elementos no sintagma, classe e posiÃÃo em relaÃÃo ao nÃcleo e à posiÃÃo nuclear; classe gramatical do sintagma nominal e processos morfofonolÃgicos de formaÃÃo de plural; tonicidade das sÃlabas dos itens lexicais singulares e marcas precedentes de plural no Ãmbito do sintagma nominal, e fatores extralingÃÃsticos, como sexo; anos de escolaridade e faixa etÃria condicionam o uso de concordÃncia nominal no falar dos municÃpios que formam a regiÃo CRAJUBAR â Crato, Juazeiro do Norte e Barbalha â na regiÃo do Cariri cearense. Para anÃlise quantitativa, coletamos 3304 dados de entrevistas realizadas com 24 informantes nesses trÃs municÃpios. As entrevistas estÃo presentes no corpus O PortuguÃs falado no Cearà do banco de dados do PROFALA . Os dados foram submetidos à anÃlise estatÃstica no programa GoldVarb X. No tocante aos nove grupos de fatores considerados inicialmente, seis grupos foram selecionados como significativos: posiÃÃo dos elementos no sintagma; classe e posiÃÃo em relaÃÃo ao nÃcleo e posiÃÃo nuclear; processos morfofonolÃgicos de formaÃÃo de plural; marcas precedentes de plural no Ãmbito do sintagma nominal; e os fatores extralingÃÃsticos: sexo e faixa etÃria.Quanto aos resultados obtidos, identificamos um alto Ãndice de marcaÃÃo, totalizando um percentual de 76,9 %. As mulheres apresentaram uma probabilidade de marcaÃÃo maior que a dos homens, e os informantes na faixa etÃria de 15 a 25 anos e a partir de 50 anos apresentaram Ãndices maiores que os dos informantes com faixa etÃria de 26 a 49 anos. / This work analyzes the nominal agreement of number between the constituents of the nominal phrase (NP) in Portuguese spoken in region of Cariri, in the state of CearÃ, Brazil, in light of the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Theory of Variation and Linguistic Change (LABOV, WEINREICH, HERZOG, 2006; LABOV 1978, 1994, 2001). Its general objective is to investigate to what extent the linguistic factors position of the elements in the phrase, class and position in relation to nucleus and nuclear position; grammatical class of the nominal phrase and morpho-phonological processes of formation of plural; tonicity of the syllables of the singular lexical items and precedent marks of plural within the scope of the nominal phrase, and extralinguistic factors sex; years of schooling and age range condition the use of nominal agreement in the speech of the towns that make up the CRAJUBAR region â Crato, Juazeiro do Norte, and Barbalha â in the region of Cariri, in the south of CearÃ, Brazil. For quantitative analysis, it was collected 3304 data from interviews with 24 informants in these three towns. The interviews are present in the corpus PROFALA (The Portuguese spoken in CearÃ). The data were submitted to statistical analysis in the GoldVarb X program. For the nine groups of factors initially considered, six groups were selected as significant: position of the elements in the nominal phrase, class and position in relation to the nucleus and nuclear position; morpho-phonological processes of plural formation; precedent marks of plural in the scope of the nominal phrase and the extralinguistic factors; sex; and age group. Regarding the results obtained, it was identified a high marking index totaling a percentage of 76.9%. Women had a marking probability higher than men, and informants between the ages of 15 and 25 years and 50 years old presented rates higher than the informants with ages ranging from 26 to 49 years.

<p>The general objective of the proposed research is to do a needs analysis for the tourism and hospitality industries of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland. This will be followed by an alignment of these industries with the provisions of the General Agreement of Trade in Services, commonly known as GATS, so that a Tourism and Hospitality Services Charter may be moulded that may be used uniformly throughout SACU. The specific objectives of the research are: To analyze impact assessment reports and studies conducted on the Tourism and Hospitality Industries for all five SACU member states with the aim of harmonizing standards, costs and border procedures. To ecognize SACU member states&rsquo / schedule of GATS Commitments, especially in the service sectors being investigated, by improving market access, and to recommend minimal infrastructural development levels to be attained for such sectors&rsquo / support. To make recommendations to harness the challenges faced by the said industries into a working document. To calibrate a uniformity of trade standards in these sectors that shall be used by the SACU membership. To ensure that the template is flexible enough for SACU to easily adopt and use in ongoing bilateral negotiations, for example.</p>

<p>This research report, explores the challenges contributing to a non-effective implementation of performance and development management system at the Department of Social Development in Eastern Cape. My argument is that although the system has been fully implemented throughout the province and in all the layers of the department, there are still challenges that contribute to its ineffective implementation of this system. This research report debates a range of issues such as: challenges that revolve around the lack of proper&nbsp / knowledge and training in staff, non-alignment of performance contracts with operations of the department, attitudes of officials towards the system itself and the desired&nbsp / institution&rsquo / s operation that may contribute to its performance and achieve its objective of effective service delivery meaningfully. The research report also explores the paradigm shift&nbsp / of the department from a traditional &lsquo / welfarish&rsquo / approach to a one that focuses on social development. This research especially seeks to understand how the department seeks to plan for institutional change that will promote delivery its services to communities more. The reason for this focus derives from department is practice to provide services sectoralyand not in an integrated manner. Hence the critique, in this research is of the roles and responsibilities of all different layers of the department. This, I specifically argue for re-orientation of the department, not merely institutionally, but also strategically by adopting a social development approach to service delivery.</p>

No description available.

The purpose of this thesis is the analysis of the anticipated agreement proposal, in its substantive and procedural aspects, through its consistency with the purposes assigned. It is an institution without precedents in the Spanish Bankruptcy Law, which has unique characteristics that distinguish it from the ordinary agreement proposal and that serve to achieve specific purposes, designed to configure a less costly and time-consuming procedure and ultimately contribute to maximize the satisfaction of the creditors of the debtor with financial difficulties. The originality of the anticipated agreement proposal lies in its processing, in which activities that traditionally take place during the bankruptcy procedure, such as negotiations between the debtor and its creditors, held outside of it, achieving this way less judicial intervention until the confirmation of the agreement by the court and therefore achieving a less expensive procedure. / L’objecte d’aquesta tesi doctoral és l’anàlisi del règim jurídic de la proposta anticipada de conveni, en la seva vessant substantiva i processal, a través de la consistència d’aquest règim amb les finalitats que el legislador li atribueix. Es tracta d’un instrument sense precedents en el Dret concursal anterior a la reforma operada per la Llei 22/2003, de 9 de juliol, Concursal, que presenta unes característiques pròpies que la distingeixen de la proposta ordinària i que serveixen per aconseguir una sèrie de finalitats específiques, tendents a configurar un procediment concursal poc costós i àgil i en última instància a contribuir a maximitzar la satisfacció dels creditors del deutor insolvent. L’originalitat de la proposta anticipada de conveni radica en una tramitació en què actuacions que tradicionalment tenen lloc durant el concurs es celebren fora del mateix, assolint-se d’aquesta manera un concurs més desjudicialitzat i en conseqüència menys costós.

This thesis analyses the agricultural import demand of Turkey for the period 1993-2009. The main objective of the thesis is to assess the reason for the rapid increase in imports. Turkey has a trade surplus since 1993, yet, imports have surged since 2001. In this study import demand has been analyzed descriptively i.e., the developments in foreign trade have been described by the help of available, official trade statistics. Increasing population, economic growth (income) and overvalued exchange rate are among important factors that give rise to this rapid import increase. Foreign relations, such as the World Trade Organization&rsquo / s Agreement on Agriculture (1995) and Free Trade Agreement with European Union (1997), play also an important role. Future developments of EU-Turkey relations and a new WTO Agreement (Doha) may become instrumental to convert Turkey to a net importer of agricultural products. Turkey may keep its net-exporter position also in the future by increasing her agricultural output and productivity rather than relying on protectionism.

<p>Trots principen om avtalets subjektiva begränsning kan det finnas skäl till att utöka ett aktieägaravtals verkningar mot förvärvande tredje man för att skydda beaktansvärda intressen. Då rättsläget är oklart är det av intresse att undersöka huruvida en tolkning med laganalogins hjälp mot sakrättens samt skiljerättens område kan klargöra rättsläget.</p><p>För att ge läsaren tillräcklig bakgrund för analysen beskrivs rättsläget vad gäller aktieägaravtal och de bakomliggande teorierna rörande den analogiska tillämpningen.<strong> </strong>Därefter analyseras undantag till avtalets subjektiva begränsning, varefter en diskussion följer där frågan huruvida analogier kan dras besvaras.<strong></strong></p><p>Resultatet av denna framställning är att en analogisk tillämpning kan göras mot de två undersökta rättsområdena, dock endast i begränsad utsträckning vad gäller skiljerättens område. En kombinerad applicering av möjliga analogier från sakrättens och skiljerättens områden på aktieägaravtal leder till ett resultat där aktieägaravtalets bundenhet mot både förvärvande tredje man samt kvarstående parter klargörs.</p> / <p>Despite the doctrine about privity of contract, there can be reasons to recognise effects of a shareholder’s agreement against acquiring third party to protect legitimate interests. Since the legal position is uncertain, it is of interest to examine whether an analogy of law towards indefeasible rights and arbitration agreements can clarify this uncertainty.</p><p>To give the reader enough background information for the analysis, the legal position regarding shareholder’s agreement and the basic theories about the application of analogies are described. Thereafter exceptions to the privity of contracts are analysed, after which a discussion where the question whether analogies can be made is answered.         <strong></strong></p><p>The result of this thesis is that an application by analogy can be made towards the two examined areas, but only to a limited extent regarding arbitration agreements. A combined application of analogies possible from indefeasible rights and arbitration agreements creates a result where the validity of a shareholder’s agreement towards both acquiring third party and remaining parties is clarified.</p>

Trots principen om avtalets subjektiva begränsning kan det finnas skäl till att utöka ett aktieägaravtals verkningar mot förvärvande tredje man för att skydda beaktansvärda intressen. Då rättsläget är oklart är det av intresse att undersöka huruvida en tolkning med laganalogins hjälp mot sakrättens samt skiljerättens område kan klargöra rättsläget. För att ge läsaren tillräcklig bakgrund för analysen beskrivs rättsläget vad gäller aktieägaravtal och de bakomliggande teorierna rörande den analogiska tillämpningen. Därefter analyseras undantag till avtalets subjektiva begränsning, varefter en diskussion följer där frågan huruvida analogier kan dras besvaras. Resultatet av denna framställning är att en analogisk tillämpning kan göras mot de två undersökta rättsområdena, dock endast i begränsad utsträckning vad gäller skiljerättens område. En kombinerad applicering av möjliga analogier från sakrättens och skiljerättens områden på aktieägaravtal leder till ett resultat där aktieägaravtalets bundenhet mot både förvärvande tredje man samt kvarstående parter klargörs. / Despite the doctrine about privity of contract, there can be reasons to recognise effects of a shareholder’s agreement against acquiring third party to protect legitimate interests. Since the legal position is uncertain, it is of interest to examine whether an analogy of law towards indefeasible rights and arbitration agreements can clarify this uncertainty. To give the reader enough background information for the analysis, the legal position regarding shareholder’s agreement and the basic theories about the application of analogies are described. Thereafter exceptions to the privity of contracts are analysed, after which a discussion where the question whether analogies can be made is answered.          The result of this thesis is that an application by analogy can be made towards the two examined areas, but only to a limited extent regarding arbitration agreements. A combined application of analogies possible from indefeasible rights and arbitration agreements creates a result where the validity of a shareholder’s agreement towards both acquiring third party and remaining parties is clarified.