This dissertation sets out to analyze the manner in which the writers of dramatic fiction deconstruct the mythology and ideology of the private boys' boarding school in their work. It also seeks to interrogate the sociological and philosophical notions that underpin this fictional work. The central thrust of this dissertation is to explore the representation of the private boys' boarding school experience on the South African stage, with particular reference to writers whose work reflects their personal experiences within such institutions. Private boys' boarding schools promote the ideology that they provide a superior education based on liberal and democratic principles. These institutions supposedly oversee the development of the individual's mental, physical, spiritual, cultural and social education. The projected ideology of the private boys' boarding schools has become entrenched and has manifested itself as a pervasive mythology, which glorifies and glamourises the social reality of such institutions. This mythology is challenged and refuted by the appropriation of various sociological, and philosophical theorists, including: traditional Marxist critiques such as the theories of Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis (1976); structuralist theories such as those proposed by Louis Althusser (1971) and Antonio Gramsci (1971), whose notions of hegemony carry much relevance when considering private boys' boarding schools; and finally, Michel Foucault's (1977) theories of power and power hierarchies (Lotringer, 1989; Smart, 1985). Since South Africa's democratization in 1994, a number of fictional works have emerged that have engaged with the social reality of private boys' boarding schools. Most notably, two plays, Anthony Akerman's Old Boys (2000) and John van de Ruit's War Cry (1999), have highlighted issues surrounding private boys' boarding schools in South Africa. Together with a variety of texts written for different media these works have formed a critical base that, to some degree, has undermined the supremely positive resonance of the entrenched private school mythology, and in so doing, challenge the projected ideology. This dissertation's prime focus is on South African private boys' boarding schools; however, it also includes texts that articulate the social reality of private education in England and America. These texts are relevant firstly because the South African private schools are modeled very closely on the English public school system and secondly, because their inclusion adds weight and variety to the discussion. Important areas of study within this dissertation will be the interpretation of the various thematic concerns raised, and character constructions created by the various writers. This will be underpinned by the theoretical framework, which analyzes systems of power and power hierarchies, and the notion of hegemonic masculinity. Finally, the private boys' boarding school will be examined as a site for hegemonic struggle where power and privilege are continually contested in a relationship characterized by coercion and consent. The critical discourse of the fictional texts and its theoretical underpinning will be placed in opposition to the elitist mythology of the private boys' boarding school and the ideology that these institutions espouse. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

Ce mémoire examine la trajectoire d'un débat conceptuel ayant marqué le champ des théories du nationalisme. Il s'agit de l'affrontement intellectuel portant sur le problème de l'articulation du racisme et du nationalisme. Dans cette recherche, six contributions majeures de théoriciens du nationalisme seront à l'étude. Il s'agit d'écrits de : Tom Nairn, Anthony Smith, Benedict Anderson, Paul Gilroy, Étienne Balibar et Edward Said. À travers une analyse historique, nous verrons comment chacune de ces interventions modifie ou réaffirme les conventions qui régissent le débat. Cette étude montre l'existence de trois moments, définis par un traitement similaire du problème de la relation du racisme au nationalisme. Ces ressemblances concernent avant tout les préoccupations et les questionnements au fondement des réflexions. Dans un premier temps, à la fin des années 1970 et au début des années 1980, malgré certains différends, la démarche des théoriciens du nationalisme comporte d'importantes similitudes. Ils s'intéressent au racisme et au nationalisme d'une façon globale, puis ils recherchent avant tout l'origine historique de ces phénomènes. Lors d'un second moment, à la fin des années 1980, les contributeurs au débat se penchent sur les représentations sociales constitutives du nationalisme et du racisme, puis ils examinent la formation des frontières symboliques de la nation. En troisième lieu, au cours des années 1990, l'expérience historique de l'impérialisme devient centrale pour la compréhension du lien entre le racisme et le nationalisme, notamment en ce qui concerne leur forme contemporaine. ______________________________________________________________________________

Anthony Downs public choice theory proposes that every rational person would try to meet their own desires in preference to those of others, and that such rational persons would attempt to obtain these desires in the most efficient manner possible. This thesis submits that the application of this theory would mean that public servants and politicians would perform acts of corruption and maladministration in order to efficiently meet their desires. As such action is unavoidable, political parties must appear to meet the public demand for accountability systems, but must not make these systems viable lest they expose the corruption and maladministration that would threaten the government’s chance or re-election. The thesis demonstrates this hypothesis through a study of the history of the public sector in Queensland. It shows that all governments have displayed a commitment for accountability whilst simultaneously ensuring the systems would not be able to interfere with government control or expose its flaws.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2010 Aug 17.

No description available.

This thesis explores the impact and consequences of the teachings of the church, perceptions of The Divine [God] and of Mary, in the making of personal identity. In spite of secularisation and the prediction that the church would collapse in the face of modern science, recent evidence suggests that - in its various forms - religion, and belief in a higher power remain important and potentially powerful aspects in society. A foundation stone of the Christian faith is the doctrine of Imago Dei: humanity created in the image of The Divine. Although not male, The Divine is repeatedly spoken of - and addressed - in anthropomorphic masculine terms, but perceived in gender-specific stereotypical terms. Alongside The Divine - in the Roman Catholic Church - is Mary, the mother of Jesus. She is spoken of in feminine terms, but is also perceived in gender-specific stereotypical terms. Although not officially considered to be divine, Mary fulfils important needs in the life of the believer and it is in this context that her influence is evaluated. The role of the church as a community - and social institution - is also explored, based on Giddens’ theories of identity development. Belonging to a church community can provide a context for relationship, continuity, and trust. However, this potentially positive environment can have negative implications on self-identity in that restrictions on self-expression and personal choice can be as limiting as the sense of belonging is liberating. The patriarchal nature of the church is deemed to be of immense relevance. In order to establish the role of the church, The Divine, and Mary in the making of self-identity, in-depth interviews were conducted with twelve research participants belonging to Charismatic and Roman Catholic congregations, and Giddens’ criteria for self-identity development was used as the standard for evaluating participants’ personal sense of self-identity. Explored from the perspective of feminist theology, the findings of this qualitative research project suggest that it is more than gender language regarding The Divine that affects the agent’s perception of The Divine, and that the role of the church in identity formation is not uniform in its influence. It also concludes that perceptions of Mary can be influential in the development of selfidentity.

Diese Arbeit untersucht Genese, Struktur und Legitimation der Spendengewinnung bei den deutschen Glaubensmissionen von ihren Anfängen bis zum Ausbruch des Zweiten Welt-krieges. Den Untersuchungsgegenstand bilden die drei ältesten Glaubensmissionen in Deutschland: die Neukirchener Mission, die Allianz-China-Mission und die Liebenzeller Mission. Als besonderes Merkmal der Glaubensmissionen wird in der Literatur das soge-nannte Glaubensprinzip bezeichnet, das einen bewussten Verzicht auf Spendenwerbung beinhaltet. Die historische Entwicklung des Glaubensprinzips von Anthony Groves über George Müller auf Hudson Taylor wird nachgezeichnet. Eine leitende Frage der Untersu-chung ist, inwieweit die deutschen Glaubensmissionen dieses Glaubensprinzip tatsächlich übernehmen und umsetzen. Bei der Analyse von Spendentheorie und -methodik der drei genannten Missionen kristallisiert sich heraus, dass von einem Verzicht auf Spendenwer-bung bei den drei ältesten der deutschen Glaubensmissionen nicht die Rede sein kann. Im Falle der Allianz-China-Mission wird das Glaubensprinzip erst gar nicht ernsthaft adap-tiert, die Liebenzeller Mission gestaltet es ihr entsprechend um, und die Neukirchener Mis-sion muss sukzessive eine Erosion des Glaubensprinzips miterleben. Die Untersuchung beinhaltet ebenso ein Interpretationsmodell zur Bestimmung der Schlüsselfaktoren, die tatsächlich relevant für die Spendengewinnung der Glaubensmissionen sind. Die Legitimi-tät des Glaubensprinzips wird aus theologischen und grundsätzlichen Überlegungen in Frage gestellt. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / (D.Th (Missiology))

Esta dissertação discute os protagonistas do romance Laranja Mecânica, de Anthony Burgess, e dos filmes Laranja Mecânica e Vinyl, de Stanley Kubrick e Andy Warhol, respectivamente, comparando como tais personagens representam o indivíduo em sociedade. Para tanto, se apóia nas teorias de Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido e Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, sobre as personagens, e de Ítalo Calvino sobre a Leveza. São analisadas as três obras, para o entendimento das peculiaridades presentes em cada uma das narrativas, bem como a trajetória do protagonista nas três narrativas, até que estas atinjam o desfecho. Os conceitos de bem e de mal, mantidos sob concepções estabelecidas na nossa sociedade, são ameaçados quando o protagonista é submetido à Técnica Ludovico, tratamento que tem o objetivo de diminuir a quantidade de presos nas prisões e que, para isso, retira o poder de escolha do indivíduo, que passa a ser capaz de praticar somente atos de bondade, já que toda a exposição ao mal o leva à dor e ao incômodo insuportável. / This M.A. thesis discusses the protagonists in Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange and the films A Clockwork Orange and Vinyl, directed by Stanley Kubrick and Andy Warhol, respectively, comparing how such characters represent the individual in society. The thesis draws on the theories by Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido, and Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, concerning the characters, and by Italo Calvino, concerning Lightness. The three works are analyzed aiming at the understanding of the peculiarities present in each one of the narratives, as well as the trajectory of the protagonist in the three narratives, until they reach the end. The concepts of good and evil, maintained under conceptions established in our society, are threatened when the protagonist is subjected to the Ludovico Technique, treatment that has the objective of reducing the quantity of prisoners in jails. For that, it eliminates the power of choice of the individual, who happens to be able to practice acts of kindness only, since all exposure to evil brings him to pain and to unbearable discomfort.

Esta dissertação discute os protagonistas do romance Laranja Mecânica, de Anthony Burgess, e dos filmes Laranja Mecânica e Vinyl, de Stanley Kubrick e Andy Warhol, respectivamente, comparando como tais personagens representam o indivíduo em sociedade. Para tanto, se apóia nas teorias de Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido e Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, sobre as personagens, e de Ítalo Calvino sobre a Leveza. São analisadas as três obras, para o entendimento das peculiaridades presentes em cada uma das narrativas, bem como a trajetória do protagonista nas três narrativas, até que estas atinjam o desfecho. Os conceitos de bem e de mal, mantidos sob concepções estabelecidas na nossa sociedade, são ameaçados quando o protagonista é submetido à Técnica Ludovico, tratamento que tem o objetivo de diminuir a quantidade de presos nas prisões e que, para isso, retira o poder de escolha do indivíduo, que passa a ser capaz de praticar somente atos de bondade, já que toda a exposição ao mal o leva à dor e ao incômodo insuportável. / This M.A. thesis discusses the protagonists in Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange and the films A Clockwork Orange and Vinyl, directed by Stanley Kubrick and Andy Warhol, respectively, comparing how such characters represent the individual in society. The thesis draws on the theories by Joseph Campbell, Antonio Candido, and Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes, concerning the characters, and by Italo Calvino, concerning Lightness. The three works are analyzed aiming at the understanding of the peculiarities present in each one of the narratives, as well as the trajectory of the protagonist in the three narratives, until they reach the end. The concepts of good and evil, maintained under conceptions established in our society, are threatened when the protagonist is subjected to the Ludovico Technique, treatment that has the objective of reducing the quantity of prisoners in jails. For that, it eliminates the power of choice of the individual, who happens to be able to practice acts of kindness only, since all exposure to evil brings him to pain and to unbearable discomfort.

O século XIX retoma, por meio de narrativas literárias e pictóricas, o enredo de Antão, personagem da religião católica que teria se exilado no deserto em busca da dedicação às suas orações e à leitura bíblica. A representação de Antão do deserto, do Santo Antão, é revista no texto literário de Gustave Flaubert e na pintura de Paul Cézanne. Flaubert, nas três versões de sua La Tentation de saint Antoine (1849, 1856 e 1874), reconstruiu o enredo do santo por meio do discurso da alucinação, articulado a suas leituras, estudos e observações do quotidiano, como se notam em seus relatos de viagem e em seus manuscritos. O escritor busca na construção do erótico e da ciência a base para o questionamento da fé do santo, atormentado por imagens invocadas dum sem-número de relações interdiscursivas. Cézanne, por sua vez, busca nas referências pictóricas, em especial em pinturas do século XIX, a produção de sua La Tentation de saint Antoine, estabelecendo, sobretudo na versão definitiva (1877), relações com a obra de Flaubert. / The 19th century recovers, through literary and pictorial narratives, the story of Anthony, a character from the catholic religion whose legend says that he exiled himself in the desert in search of full dedication to his prayers and biblical readings. The representation of Anthony, or Saint Anthony, in the desert is revised on Gustave Flauberts literary text and Paul Cézannes painting. Flaubert, in the three versions of his The Temptation of Saint Anthony (1849, 1856 and 1874), reconstructed the story of the saint through the discourse of hallucination, articulating to his readings studies and quotidian observations of hallucination, as shown in his travel reports and in his manuscripts. The writer searches in the construction of the erotic and of the science the basis for the questioning of the saints faith, who was tormented by images invoked from an infinite number of inter-discursive relations. Cézanne, on the other hand, searches in the pictorial references, specially in 19th century paintings, the production of his The Temptation of Saint Anthony, establishing, particularly in the definitive version (1877), relations to Flauberts work.