<p>The studies were undertaken to evaluate risk factors and outcomes in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births, in cohort studies using the population-based Swedish Birth, Twin and Education Registers. A cohort study of pregnant women from Uppsala County evaluated the effect on birthweight by caffeine.</p><p> Maternal anthropometrics influence risks of SGA at all gestational ages. Smoking increases risks of moderately preterm and term SGA, while hypertensive disorders foremost increase the risk of preterm SGA. Monozygotic twin mothers have higher concordance rates in offspring birthweight-for-gestational length than dizygotic twin mothers, indicating genetic effects on fetal growth. Caffeine is not associated with a reduction in birthweight or birthweight-for-gestational age.</p><p> The increased risk of stillbirth in postterm pregnancies is explained by increased rates of SGA in postterm pregnancies. Births with malformations account for a large part of the SGA-related increased risk of infant death. SGA, as defined by an individualised birth-weight standard, is a better predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes than the commonly used population-based birthweight standard. </p><p> Risk factors for SGA, as well as the prognosis for the SGA infant, vary with gestational age. However, the commonly used definition of SGA is probably a poor predictor of intrauterine growth retardation.</p>

The studies were undertaken to evaluate risk factors and outcomes in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births, in cohort studies using the population-based Swedish Birth, Twin and Education Registers. A cohort study of pregnant women from Uppsala County evaluated the effect on birthweight by caffeine. Maternal anthropometrics influence risks of SGA at all gestational ages. Smoking increases risks of moderately preterm and term SGA, while hypertensive disorders foremost increase the risk of preterm SGA. Monozygotic twin mothers have higher concordance rates in offspring birthweight-for-gestational length than dizygotic twin mothers, indicating genetic effects on fetal growth. Caffeine is not associated with a reduction in birthweight or birthweight-for-gestational age. The increased risk of stillbirth in postterm pregnancies is explained by increased rates of SGA in postterm pregnancies. Births with malformations account for a large part of the SGA-related increased risk of infant death. SGA, as defined by an individualised birth-weight standard, is a better predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes than the commonly used population-based birthweight standard. Risk factors for SGA, as well as the prognosis for the SGA infant, vary with gestational age. However, the commonly used definition of SGA is probably a poor predictor of intrauterine growth retardation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 118604.pdf: 5890822 bytes, checksum: d70b354d67e20081b2cad602742a22c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Surveying sociodemographic, morpho-anthropometric characteristics in women, related to their habits and product preferences wearing earrings, aiming to verify the relationship of these domains with the perception of discomfort. Discomfort was assessed using descriptors. The earlobe thickness and earring dimensions used by the participant on the day of data collection were measured with a digital micrometer, universal caliper and a digital scale. The ear and earlobe shape and the earring hole were classified according to the literature. 208 adult women, were surveyed separated by age groups. Parametric data are presented as mean and standard deviation and non-parametric as frequency distributions. The correlations between the variables were then verified. 80.3% women answered that they wear earrings on a daily-basis and all individuals reported some degree of discomfort, from slight (13.6%), to moderate (26.9%) or severe (59.1%). The average earlobe thickness was 5.80 ± 0.83 mm (left). 58% of the lobules were classified as dettached, and 42% as attached (left). The most widely used type of earring was the stud type, followed by the dangling type and at last the hoop. 77.7% wore earrings that weighed between 0.1 g to 2.5 g on the day of data collection. We conclude that for this sample, the discomfort in the use of earrings is mainly related to product characteristics. The mass and then the material were more associated with discomfort in the use of earrings. Ergonomic recommendations and opportunities for improvement are then presented. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação das características sociodemográficas, morfoantropométricas, dos hábitos relacionados ao uso e da preferência quanto ao tipo de produto com a percepção de desconforto no uso de brincos em mulheres. O desconforto foi avaliado por meio de descritores. A espessura dos lóbulos, e dimensões do brinco utilizado pela participante na data da coleta foram medidos com mícrômetro digital, paquímetro universal e balança digital. A forma geral da orelha externa, do lóbulo e o furo foram aferidos de acordo com a literatura. Foram pesquisadas 208 mulheres maiores de idade, separadas por faixa etária. Os dados paramétricos foram descritos por média e desvio padrão, os não-paramétricos por distribuições de frequências. Foram ainda testadas as correlações entre as variáveis. 80,3% da amostra usa brincos todos os dias e todos os indivíduos se enquadraram em algum nível de desconforto leve (13,6%), moderado (26,9%) ou grave (59,1%). A média da espessura do lóbulo foi 5,80±0,83mm (esquerdo). 58% dos lóbulos foi aferida como solto, e 42% como preso (esquerdo). O tipo de brinco mais usado foi o inteiro, seguido do pêndulo e argola. 77,7% usava brincos que pesavam entre 0,1g a 2,5g na data da coleta. Conclui-se que para esta amostra, as questões quanto ao desconforto no uso de brincos são principalmente relacionados às características do produto. A massa do brinco seguida do material foram os aspectos mais associadas ao desconforto no uso de brincos. Por fim são apresentadas recomendações ergonômicas e oportunidades de melhoria.

Orientador: Paulo Roberto de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T22:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SouzaJunior_TacitoPessoade_D.pdf: 3410954 bytes, checksum: ab647c6b1282c3a05d999c4b85100d1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O treinamento de força é o método mais eficiente para o aumento da força e da massa muscular, principalmente quando aliado a suplementação com creatina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar duas metodologias de treinamento e verificar as alterações ocorridas na morfologia e funcionalidade do músculo esquelético. Vinte voluntários, com idades variando entre 19 e 25 anos, do sexo masculino, tendo pelo menos um ano de experiência com exercícios com pesos, foram selecionados e divididos em dois grupos (A, pausas constantes, n = 10 e B, pausas decrescentes, n = 10). Os grupos foram submetidos às avaliações antropométricas, testes de ação muscular voluntária máxima dinâmica (1AMVMD) e ressonância magnética. O protocolo de treinamento consistiu em 18 semanas, sendo oito semanas sem suplementação (Fase A), uma semana de reavaliação e mais oito semanas (Fase B), com suplementação de creatina monoidratada (CrH2O). As duas primeiras semanas de treinamento em ambas as fases (Fase A1 e B1), consistiram de exercícios realizados com 50% de 1AMVMD, com pausas de 120 segundos entre os mesmos. Nas seis semanas subseqüentes (Fase A2 e B2), o treinamento de hipertrofia consistiu na utilização de 80% de 1AMVMD para ambos os grupos, sendo que a suplementação com CrH2O ocorreu apenas na Fase B2. Após as 18 semanas, verificou-se que tanto no grupo A como no grupo B, houve alterações estatísticas significantes (ES) na resultante de forca máxima dinâmica (RFMD) no exercício supino e no agachamento (P = 0,0190 e 0,0020, respectivamente), em relação ao pré-treinamento, bem como nas variáveis antropométricas nas etapas avaliativas (E2 e E3). Os resultados são apresentados na forma de mediana e intervalo interquartil. Para verificar a significância da diferença entre os grupos, aplicou-se a prova estatística de Mann-Whitney. A significância estatística do treinamento foi determinada pela prova de Wilcoxon. Para ambos os testes, aceitou-se a significância estatística em alfa inferior ou igual a 5%. Independente da suplementação, ambos os grupos apresentaram alterações positivas em relação ao pré-treinamento. Porém, a metodologia com aumento da densidade da carga se mostrou mais eficaz sem e principalmente com a suplementação de CrH2O / Abstract: Resistance training is the most efficient method for increasing strength and muscle mass, mainly when allied with the creatine supplementation. The purpose of this work was to compare two methodologies of training and verify the alterations at morphology and functionality of skeletal muscle. Twenty male volunteers with age between 19 and 25 years, with at least 1 year of experience in resistance training, were selected and randomly divided in 2 groups (A, constant pause rest, n = 10 and B, decreasing pause rest, n = 10). The groups were submitted to the anthropometrics measurements and tests of maximum voluntary muscular action (1MVMA) and magnetic resonance. The training protocol consisted of 18 wk, witch 8 wk without supplementation (Phase A), 1 wk of revaluation and plus 8 wk (Phase B) with creatine monohydrate supplementation (CrH2O). The first two weeks in the both phases (Phases A1 and B1), consisted of exercises with 50% of 1MVMA, with 120 s pause each one. The subsequent 6 wk (Phase A2 and B2), the hypertrophy training consisted of 80% of 1MVMA for both groups in whitch the creatine supplementation occurred only in the Phase B2. After the 17th wk it was verified that both groups had statistically significant (SS) alterations in the resultant of the dynamic maximum strength (RDMS) of bench press and squat (P = 0,0190 and 0,0020, respectively), in relation to the pre-test, as well as the anthropometrics variables in evaluative stages (E1 and E2). The results were presented in the form of median interquartile interval. The Mann-Whitney U was carried out to determine the differences between groups. The statistic significance was established by the Wilcoxon test. For both tests the statistic significance was established in ? = 0,05. Independent of the supplementation, both groups had demonstrated positive alterations in relation to pre-test. Nevertheless, the methodology with higher density demonstrated to be more efficient without and mainly with CrH2O supplementation / Doutorado / Doutor em Educação Física

Truck drivers spend long, consecutive periods of time seated down, and the truck cab becomes their immediate work environment. Therefore, it is important to make sure that this space is properly adapted to fit the driver’s needs well. The driver seat is something the driver are very much in contact with. The seat can be adjusted in many ways to accommodate for drivers of different heights and body types. However, two of the components which are fixed today are the upper seat belt anchorage position and the headrest. In this thesis project, the aim has been to investigate the adjustment possibilities of these components in terms of desired adjustment range and mechanical solutions. The first part of the project was spent on ergonomic evaluations of the seat, and finding what properties are the most important when designing a truck seat. Both literature reviews as well as interviews and observations helped build the knowledge foundation to base adjustment concepts on. For example, it was found that to minimise the negative effects of sedentary work, the single most important action is to frequently change the sitting position. Therefore, it is of high importance that adjustment procedures are as simple as possible. It was also found that many truck drivers do not use their seat belt at all, and that having a headrest which is adjustable in height is important for the driver’s visual area. Several ideas and concepts were generated and evaluated. The initial ideas included both solutions applicable on the current seat belt design, while some would use other means of securing the driver in a collision. The ideas were compared and evaluated, and three were chosen to develop further; one being easy to implement, and two being mechanical solutions both making use of the current seat belt design. These three concepts were investigated more deeply, and were subsequently also compared using different methods for evaluation. Eventually, a final concept was chosen; a mechanical solution in which the seat belt and headrest can be adjusted separately in one and two directions respectively. This concept was further developed in terms of both mechanical as well as visual design. In the final concept, Hoop, the seat belt is adjusted sideways, as this was proven to give the largest comfortability improvement for the driver. The headrest is adjustable in both height and depth. The mechanisms are locked using ratchets, however, both can be adjusted in what is believed to be the most critical direction without the need to unlock first. The buttons for unlocking the mechanisms are placed directly on the adjustment mechanisms in order to keep the procedure as intuitive and easy to use as possible. The adjustment ranges were determined based on Scania’s anthropometric dataset in order to make sure that the adjustment features will be useful for an as large part of the driver population as possible. / Lastbilschaufförer tillbringar under sina arbetspass många timmar i lastbilshytten, som blir deras direkta arbetsmiljö. Det är därför viktigt att hytten är utformad utifrån föraren och dennes behov. Förarstolen är en av de komponenter som föraren har allra mest kontakt med. Denna kan justeras på många sätt för att möjliggöra för förare av olika längder och kroppstyper att hitta en körposition som passar just dem. Två komponenter som dock inte kan justeras i dagsläget är positionen av den övre bältesomlänkaren och nackstödet. I detta examensarbete har fokus varit att ta fram hur justering för dessa skulle kunna se ut både i form av önskat justerområde och mekaniska lösningar. Projektets inleddes med en ergonomisk undersökning för att hitta de viktigaste fokusområdena för just lastbilars förarstolar. Informationen hämtades dels från litteratur, och utöver detta gjordes även användarundersökningar genom en enkät, kontextuella intervjuer och observationer. En av de viktigaste insikterna från undersökningen var att det absolut viktigaste för att undvika negativa effekter av stillasittande arbete är att kontinuerligt ändra sin sittposition. Ett effektivt sätt att få fler förare att använda justeringsfunktionerna på detta sätt kan vara att placera kontroller väl åtkomliga och göra justeringsproceduren så lättförståelig och lättanvänd som möjligt. Dessutom är det mycket viktigt att ett nackstöd kan justeras inte bara ur komfortsynpunkt, utan här finns det även en stark säkerhetsfaktor kopplad till förarens synfält. Baserat på informationssökningen genererades därefter flera olika lösningsidéer, där vissa låg närmre dagens lösning än andra. Dessa evaluerades sedan med hjälp av bland annat beslutsmatriser, och tre idéer valdes att utveckla vidare till tydligare koncept. Av de tre idéer som valts ut var en lösning enkel att implementera och två var olika mekaniska lösningar, alla applicerbara för den nuvarande bältesformen. Dessa detaljerades och kombinerades samman med hjälp av en morfologisk matris, och jämfördes sedan gentemot varandra. Slutligen valdes ett koncept ut som det slutgiltiga, där bältesomlänkaren kan justeras i en riktning och nackstödet i två. Detta slutkoncept utvecklades ytterligare vad gäller den mekaniska lösningen och dess visuella form. I slutkonceptet, Hoop, kan bältesomlänkaren justeras i sidled, eftersom denna justeringsriktning i den ergonomiska undersökningen visade sig ge störst resultat för förarens komfort. Nackstödet kan justeras både i höjd- och i djupled. Båda mekanismerna låses med hjälp av geometriska spärrlåsningar, men kan justeras i en riktning, den som ses som mest kritisk att snabbt kunna justera i, utan att föraren först behöver låsa upp mekanismen. Knapparna för att låsa upp mekanismerna är placerade i direkt anslutning till området där själva rörelsen sker för att göra användandet så intuitivt som möjligt. Justerområdena har baserats på antropometriska mått hämtade från Scaniafamiljen för att försäkra om att de täcker in så stor del av förarpopulationen som möjligt.

No description available.

At the onset of the First World War, Germany was subject to a shipping embargo by the Allied forces. Ostensibly military in nature, the blockade prevented not only armaments but also food and fertilizers from entering Germany. The impact of this blockade on civilian populations has been debated ever since. Germans protested that the Allies had wielded hunger as a weapon against women and children with devastating results, a claim that was hotly denied by the Allies. The impact of what the Germans termed the 'Hungerblockade' on childhood nutrition can now be assessed using various anthropometric sources on school children, several of which are newly discovered. Statistical analysis reveals a grim truth: German children suffered severe malnutrition due to the blockade. Social class impacted risk of deprivation, with working-class children suffering the most. Surprisingly, they were the quickest to recover after the war. Their rescue was fuelled by massive food aid organized by the former enemies of Germany, and delivered cooperatively with both government and civil society. Children, and those who cared for them, responded to these acts of service with gratitude and joy. The ability of former belligerents to work together after an exceptionally bitter war to feed impoverished children may hold hope for the future.

Abstract The recommendation for infants to sleep supine has decreased the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome by more than a half, but as another consequence, a dramatic rise has been observed in the incidence of acquired cranial asymmetry (deformational plagiocephaly, DP). According to recent data, almost half of otherwise healthy infants are affected by some degree of DP at 7 to 12 weeks of age, and especially in the USA and some Central European countries, major effort is put into treatment of severe DP. However, little is known of the prognosis of DP in the absence of intervention, and although primary preventive strategies are often recommended, a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of such measures persists. Furthermore, although 3D imaging is nowadays frequently used on infants with DP, no data is available on the accuracy of the measurements used to quantify cranial asymmetry. In the present study, the efficacy of a primary preventive program in reducing the incidence of DP was tested in a randomized, controlled trial. The course of DP in the absence of active treatment was studied throughout the first year of life, and factors impacting the prognosis of DP were investigated. The diagnostic accuracy of four 3D stereophotogrammetry-based measurements was also analyzed and compared, with a goal of determining their optimal cut-off values for DP. DP was less prevalent and less severe in the intervention group infants at the end of the RCT (3 months). The point prevalence of DP peaked at 3 months, whereafter spontaneous improvement in DP was seen throughout the follow-up period until 12 months of age. A preferential infant head position at 3 months was the strongest predictor of a subsequently unfavorable course of DP. Cranial asymmetry seen at birth was transient, and none of the older infants with torticollis had presented neck imbalance at birth, but rather appeared to develop the condition postnatally concomitantly with DP. Although all studied asymmetry-related measurements performed well regarding diagnostic accuracy, OCLR produced the most accurate classification of DP. In conclusion, primary preventive guidelines would likely aid in reducing the burden from both DP itself and associated healthcare costs, although substantial spontaneous improvement from DP can usually be expected. The cut-off values defined for the asymmetry-related measurements have clinical implication in both making the diagnosis of DP and determining the target outcomes for treatment. / Tiivistelmä Imeväisten nukuttaminen selällään on vähentänyt kätkytkuolemien määrää alle puoleen aiemmasta, mutta käytäntö on myös huomattavasti lisännyt asentoperäisen, ei-synostoottisen vinokalloisuuden esiintyvyyttä; tuoreen tutkimustiedon mukaan jopa lähes joka toisella imeväisellä on nähtävissä jonkinasteista asentovinokalloisuutta 7–12 viikon iässä. Etenkin USA:ssa ja muutamissa Keski-Euroopan maissa vaikea-asteista asentovinokalloisuutta hoidetaan aktiivisesti kypäräortoosein, mutta samanaikaisesti tietämys tilan luonnollisesta kulusta on vähäistä. Vaikka riskitekijöitä tunnetaan ja ehkäiseviä toimenpiteitä usein suositellaan, ei niiden tehosta ole juuri näyttöä. Nykyään 3D-pintakuvantamista käytetään usein vinokalloisten imeväisten seurannassa, mutta epäsymmetrian mittaamiseen käytettyjen muuttujien osuvuudesta ei ole tietoa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää vastasyntyneiden vanhemmille annettavan vauvan käsittelyohjeistuksen vaikutusta asentovinokalloisuuden ilmaantuvuuteen satunnaistetussa, kontrolloidussa asetelmassa. Lisäksi pitkäaikaisseurannassa kartoitettiin asentovinokalloisuuden luonnollista kulkua ja ennusteeseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä suomalaisilla imeväisillä. Tutkimuksessa myös analysoitiin ja vertailtiin 3D-kuvista laskettavien epäsymmetriaa mittaavien muuttujien diagnostista osuvuutta. Käsittelyohjeita saaneiden lapsilla oli 3 kuukauden iässä merkittävästi vähemmän asentovinokalloisuutta ja kalloasymmetria oli lievempää kuin verrokkiryhmässä. Asentovinokalloisuuden esiintyvyys oli korkeimmillaan juuri 3 kuukauden iässä, jonka jälkeen merkittävää spontaania palautumista oli havaittavissa koko 12 kuukauden ikään jatkuneen seurannan ajan. Vastasyntyneillä nähty kalloasymmetria oli puolestaan ohimenevää, eikä myöskään vastasyntyneenä dokumentoitu kaulan liikerajoitus lisännyt myöhemmän vinokalloisuuden riskiä, vaan vinokalloisilla usein tavattava torticollis (kierokaula) näytti kehittyvän ensimmäisten elinviikkojen aikana yhdessä vinokalloisuuden kanssa. 3 kuukauden iässä havaittu imeväisen halu pitää päätään aina samaan suuntaan käännettynä oli yhteydessä kalloasymmetrian huonompaan spontaaniin palautumiseen. Tutkituista epäsymmetriaa mittaavista muuttujista OCLR erotteli vinokalloiset parhaiten. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että ennaltaehkäisevä ohjeistus voisi vähentää vinokalloisuutta ja siitä aiheutuvia hoitokuluja kustannustehokkaasti, mutta vinokalloisuudelta on lupa odottaa myös merkittävää spontaania palautumista. Tutkimuksessa määritellyillä epäsymmetriaa mittaavien muuttujien raja-arvoilla on käyttöä sekä diagnostiikan että hoidon tavoitteiden määrittelemisen saroilla.

Construction machines use quick couplers to rapidly change the attached tool. The gear lets the machine operator control the hooking and unhooking of the tool from inside of the cabin. This saves time and makes construction work much easier for the workers. The quick coupler is most commonly used on excavators, placed at the outer end of the excavator arm. The tool which the quick coupler connects to needs to have an adapter welded on it for the coupling process to work. Both quick coupler and adapter are equipped with hydraulic quick couplings, the female halves in the quick coupler and the male halves in the adapter. They connect the distribution of hydraulic fluid from the machine to the tool. This master thesis, in industrial design engineering, is focusing on developing a test equipment that can ensure the quality of hydraulic quick couplings. The project is done in collaboration with the company Steelwrist, which requests that the equipment can detect if the couplings are leaking, in both connected and unconnected state, as well as, measuring the internal friction and spring forces that occur during the connection and disconnection.  The project was carried out through a design process with four phases, inspired by ‘the double diamond process’. The used process consists of three sessions of diverging and converging in the form of first widely exploring followed by taking focused actions. The focus in the first phase was to discover information about safety, quality, measurements and instruments, along with conducting interviews and observations in order to understand the current state at the company. In the second phase was the specification and workflow of the new test equipment defined. In the following phase the development of the test equipment started. First by generating hundreds of potential solutions to partial functions, which could be divided into five concepts that were parallely developed and evaluated. In the last phase was the best of the five concepts finalized and constructed in CAD, in order to deliver models and drawings on the final design.  The main focus in the developing and evaluating process has been to create a as safe product as possible. The positions needed to be performed by the operator were extensively investigated and the ergonomics were highly prioritized. Another important factor was the simplicity of the machine components of the test equipment. The project resulted in a complete solution for a new testing station, consisting of storage for adapters, spare parts and documents, along with the test equipment in the shape of a floor standing machine. The test equipment seals the hydraulic quick coupling half, which is meant to be tested, towards an adapter with a pneumatic cylinder. A servo motor then moves the opposite quick coupling half in order to enable the connection and disconnection. The last mentioned coupling half is attached to a load cell which measures the force. The existing leak detection instrument is connected to the test equipment in order to fill the test object with air in the different states. / Byggmaskiner använder snabbfästen för att snabbt byta det fastsittande verktyget. Redskapet låter maskinföraren styra på- och avkopplingen av verktyget från insidan av hytten. Detta sparar tid och gör konstruktionsarbetet mycket enklare för dem som jobbar. Snabbfästet används oftast på grävmaskiner, placerade längst ut på grävmaskinsarmen. Verktyget som snabbfästet ansluter till måste vara utrustad med en fastsvetsad grind för att kopplingsprocessen ska fungera. Både snabbfästet och grinden är utrustade med hydrauliska snabbkopplingar, honhalvorna i snabbfästet och hanhalvorna i grinden. De ansluter hydrauliken från maskinen till verktyget. Detta examensarbete inom teknisk design fokuserar på att utveckla en testutrustning som kan säkerställa kvaliteten på hydrauliska snabbkopplingar. Projektet utförs i samarbete med företaget Steelwrist, som begär att utrustningen ska upptäcka läckage i kopplingarna, både i anslutet och ej anslutet tillstånd, samt att mäta de interna friktion- och fjäderkrafter som uppstår under anslutning och frånkoppling. Projektet bestod av fyra faser, inspirerad av design processen 'the double diamond process'. De fyra faserna omfattar totalt tre sekvenser innehållande en divergerande del och sedan en konvergerande del i form av att först utforska brett, följt av att smalna av med mer fokuserat besluttagande. Fokus i den första fasen var att ta reda på information om säkerhet, kvalitet, mätningar och instrument, tillsammans med intervjuer och observationer för att förstå det aktuella tillståndet på företaget. I den andra fasen definierades specifikationer och arbetsflödet för den nya testutrustningen. I följande fas inleddes utvecklingen av testutrustningen. Först genom att generera hundratals potentiella lösningar på delfunktioner, som sedan kunde delas in i fem koncept som parallellt utvecklades och utvärderades. I den sista fasen färdigställdes det bästa av de fem koncepten och konstruerades i CAD så modeller och ritningar på den slutliga designen kunde levereras. Huvudfokuset i utvecklings- och utvärderingsprocessen har varit att skapa en så säker produkt som möjligt. De positioner som utförs av operatören undersöktes grundligt och ergonomin prioriterades högt. En annan viktig faktor var enkelheten i testutrustningens olika komponenter. Projektet resulterade i en komplett lösning för en ny teststation, bestående av lager för adaptrar, reservdelar och dokument, tillsammans med testutrustningen i form av en markplacerad maskin. Testutrustningen försluter den hydrauliska snabbkopplingshalvan, som är tänkt att testas, mot en adapter med en pneumatisk cylinder. En servomotor flyttar sedan motsatt snabbkopplingshalva för att möjliggöra anslutning och frånkoppling. Den sistnämnda kopplingshalvan är fäst på en lastcell som mäter krafterna som uppstår. Det befintliga läckagedetekteringsinstrumentet är anslutet till testutrustningen för att fylla testobjektet med luft i dem olika tillstånden.

No description available.