本研究透過研究影像創作者創作歷程，分析其創意和創造力的面貌，最後歸納出影像創作者進行創作時之共同/相似脈絡。 本研究的對象是兩位資深影像創作者，他們擁有豐富的創作經驗以及數量不少的影像作品，本研究進行的方式是透過鑑賞兩位影像創作者的影像作品、並確認其中有創意/創造力的地方，其次則是請他們敘說當時創作那些影像作品的歷程，隨後再將影像創作者的「創作歷程」與「作品呈現創意/創造力」之處進行比對與分析，藉以找出上述兩者之間的關聯性。 本研究參照Amabile的「創造力成份模式」論述，重新提出一個分析影像創作者創作歷程的「影像創作者創造力成份模式」，模式中顯示影響影像創作者的創造力表現之各種「元素」。研究針對創造力被啟發的過程中模式裡之「元素」對影像創作者的影響進行分析，藉以解釋那些「影像創作者的創造力成份」 在一個創作者身上所扮演的角色與作用，並歸納出本研究目的：尋求「影像創作者處於創作狀態時的創作脈絡」。 經過分析與比對，本研究從兩位資深影像創作者的創作歷程中所找出的共同/相似脈絡如下： 創作的歷程都由「動機」開始，舉凡創作者所具有的「內在慾望」；或受到「外來的期待」的刺激；或受「信仰文化力」之影響；或被心中一股「仁愛心」所推動等，都可解釋為影像創作者受創作動機的推動而開始創作的事實。 「個人特質」在影像創作者創作時成了影響創作成果的重要因素，包括「個人經驗」、「聯想力」等個人特質，時刻左右影像創作者的創作歷程。 影像創作者的「領域知識與技術」在其創作歷程中扮演舉足輕重的角色，本研究發現如「領域知識」、「精進的技術」等影像創作者本身具有的學能條件足以決定其作品的成果。 影像創作者「與環境遭遇」所碰撞出的創意/創造力火花是其創作歷程中不可或缺的助力，本研究整理發現兩位影像創作者與「週遭環境」或「心境」的遭遇均牽引出豐盛的創意/創造力。 本研究在研究過程裡發現「專注力」對創作歷程的影響，這項因素雖沒有在考據文獻時注意到，但是它的確對影像創作者在創作時產生特定的作用力，因此將它列入本研究發現的最後一項脈絡。 本研究受限於研究規模，從兩位資深影像創作者的創作歷程裡所歸納出的共同/相似脈絡，雖無法道盡所有影像創作者的創作全貌，然而本研究成果應對相關創作歷程的學術研究有參考價值。 / This study conducts an analysis of creation and creativity, through deeply investigating the process of image generating from creators, and concludes with some common/approximate contexts from different creators. Two senior image creators are interviewed in order to examine their individual image artworks by comparing and analyzing their different process of creation and the ways of idea presentations. This study also tries to identify correlations and features from their image creating process, building up contexts from creators’ ways of thinking and their original creativity. This study proposes a new analytical model, referring to “the componential model of creativity” by Amabile (Amabile, 1996). The new “componential model of creativity from image creators” outlines critical factors (e.g., motivation, domain-relevant skills, concentration, and encounter), referring to the interviewees’ creating process and performance. The components of creativity and their impact to the creators are also analyzed to find the contexts from image creators’ origination. Through the analysis and comparison, this study identifies several common / approximate originating contexts from these two image creators: 1. Creativity comes from motivation. Creators’ desire inside, stimulus from outside expectation and cultural difference, are the key factors affecting creators’ origination 2. Personality is the most important factor during creating process, such as personal experience, imagination, and education etc. 3. Professional knowledge and domain-relevant skills play critical roles to affect image creators’ performance and their creativity. 4. Creativity inspiration also comes from real world. This study shows strong correlation between environment and creators’ rich creations. 5. This study also finds the importance of concentration component during creation. The more concentration the creator pays, the more creativity he gets. This study generalizes some findings and research results; however, it’s still not enough to cover whole picture of image creators’ creativity process due to the limitation of research scale. Continuous study may help people with creating images.

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This Bachelor’s thesis examines the use of ancient bronze statues in the 2017 film Call me by your name by director Luca Guadagnino. Various scenes which feature ancient statues are examined individually using semiotic analysis. The scenes are examined individually, first described on a denotative level, then analyzed on a connotative level. The theoretical stand point is based on the studies of art works in film. Key theoretical concepts used are ”in between-ness” which is a state in which change in narrative is made possible through looking at art, and ”parallels”, a means of which to make art represent the characters in the film. The thesis finds the sculptures in Call me by your name to play a part in affecting the narrative of the film, mainly in regard to the love story between the two lead characters, two men named Elio and Oliver. The acts of looking, examining, and touching the statues in this film help the narrative turn in favor of the lead characters romantic relationship. The thesis argues that the nude bronze sculptures of men from ancient Greece are used in this film as signifiers of desire, timelessness and homoerotic lust.

Le travail présenté dans cette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte des études transculturelles. Il a pour objectif d’étudier du point de vue anthropologique et artistique le sens culturel profond du croisement et de la transposition des identités humaines multiples et des objets sur le marché en prenant le marché artistique au bord de la Saône comme site principal de l’enquête de terrain, le marché à Barbizon comme site supplémentaire et les hommes et les objets présents sur ces deux marchés comme objets de recherche. Nous allons essayer de discuter des liens entre l’art et le marché, entre la création et la vente, entre l’achat et l’appréciation des œuvres artistiques, entre l’art et la vie, entre les particularités des œuvres et les expériences personnelles de leurs auteurs. L’originalité de notre travail, étude de cas anthropologique artistique à l’étranger, réside non seulement dans la définition de rôle et dans les angles de considération, mais aussi dans les objets et les méthodes de recherche, tous différents des recherches antérieures sur le marché de l’art du point de vue de l’histoire, des théories de l’art, de l’économie, de la sociologie et des recherches culturelles.Grâce à ces trois parties principales dans lesquelles nous montrerons et discuterons les documents de nos enquêtes de terrain, nous examinerons de nouveau les conceptions sur le marché et la valeur utilisées dans le domaine des sciences économiques dans la première partie, nous approfondirons le sens discuté dans cette thèse et nous conclurons par les dialogues entre différentes disciplines, notamment en ce qui concerne les recherches sur la valeur du point de vue économique et anthropologique. Traiter la valeur de l’art sous l'angle de l’anthropologie, c’est être sensible au sens culturel de la valeur de l’art qui a un lien étroit avec l’homme et chercher les différents sens de la valeur de l’art dans la vie réelle de l’homme dans le marché de l’art, terrain concret des enquêtes de ce thème. / From the point of view of Anthropology of art, based on the background of transcultural study, taking the Art market by the riverside of Saône in Lyon as the main researching field and the Barbizon village of painters near Paris as the secondery one, both of which in France, this dissertation aimes to topic on art, artists and art works, and the cultural sense caused by the changement of identity of people and objects in the art market in different context. It discusses the art market, the creation and marketing of art, the aesthetics and consumption of art, art and life, the connection between the characteristics of art work and the artist’s personal life, experience and social relationships. As an oversea case study of Anthropology of art, this research is innovative compared with the former researches on art market by art history, art theory, economics, sociology, anthropology and cultural study, either from the role played by the author and the perspective of the observation, or from the object and method of the research.The content of the dissertation is mainly composed by “Value”, “Life” and “Imagination”. In the part of “Value”, it tries to discover the different meaning of “Value” in modern society, in the art market, in the concrete fieldwork of this research than of in traditional study of economics. It finally returns the discussion of “Value” to the perspective of anthropology.In the part of “Life”, through the interviews of the artists and consummers in the art market, by recording their views on art, art works and art market, their understanding of life, it searches for the connections between the characteristics of art and the artist’s personal life, experience and social relationships, including their opinons of the aesthetic, consumption and collection of the art works.In the part of “Imagination”, with the concern of the anthropological and transcultural study in theories on Other, immagination and the Society of the Spectacle it focuses on the imagination from “Other”――the people in the market, who is the object of this research, including their recognition of their own art and culture, their immaginary of an oriental world with China in it, their opinions on different trends of art and the standard of the definition and so on.After the presentation, analysis and discussion of the fieldwork in the former 3 main chapters, responding to the first part, which refers a lot to the definition and analysis of market and value, it develops the main sense of the whole essay and makes further reflection in the last part, especially sums up the connection and difference between the researches of both economics and anthropology on the topic of value, which results a conversation between the two subjects.

(in English) This thesis called Grave, Tombstone, Graveyard. The Range of Motifs of the Czech Painting of the 19th Century is based on the analysis of paintings, drawings and graphics made by Czech authors throughout the 19th century. Artists worked with funeral motifs in different ways and these will be presented in different case studies. Some painters were fascinated by these subjects and they turned their attention to them systematically and repeatedly throughout their career. Other artists worked with funeral motifs rarely, although significantly. Artists integrated motifs of graves, monuments and cemeteries to their pieces of art for different purposes; this was connected with the interest of Romanticism in aesthetic anomalies and mystery, with their personal experience and feelings. Artists were also interested in genre scenes that were situated in cemeteries. Funeral motifs can be found in illustrated journals as well. Their aim was to document the specific place and as to symbolically express the finality of the life. The pieces of art will be presented in the context of the burial rites and literature of the 19th century. This phenomenon was also reflected by foreign artists, some of them will be also mentioned in the thesis as an analogy to the Czech works.

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This essay examines the content in the Artworks: the arts & business journal with the aim to find out what economic models and business ideas are presented to be applied by the artists and the artworld. The method being used is a material context analysis, together with Marxist capitalist theories, with ‘speculation as a mode of production’ according to Marina Vishmidt, as a philosophical analysis tool. The results show that the opinions and suggestions that appear in the material correlates with the political and economic development of the modern western society: arts should work more closely with the business, and also it should be a business itself. Internet and technology appear as a main field of opportunities suggested for the artworld in order to increase their businesses and autonomy. The results of the analysis also show ‘speculation as a mode of production’ in action and explains how art and creative work can be measured and used in a business plan. / Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning  Uppsatsen undersöker innehållet i tidskriften Artworks: the arts & business journal, för att se vilka förslag och lösningar som där i föreslås som ekonomiska modeller för konst och konstvärlden. Metoden som använts till undersökningen är en materialistisk kontextanalys, med teori där spekulation som produktionssätt med utgångspunkt i marxistisk teori om kapitalism har använts enligt Marina Vishmidt. Resultaten av undersökningen visar att aktörerna i materialet föreslår att konst och konstvärlden samarbetar mer med vinstdrivande företag, samt att de själva mer bör agera som företag. Resultaten sammanfaller med den för tiden aktuella diskursen om ”samhällets ekonomisering” vilket innebär att tidigare autonoma fält som konstens fält nu underordnats det ekonomiska fältet. Internet och teknologi framträder i undersökningen som en arena eller marknadsplats av möjligheter där de kreativa aktörerna kan förverkliga sitt skapande och nå ut till kunderna direkt utan att behöva vara beroende av andra parter. Uppsatsens resultat visar också på hur Vishmidts teori om spekulation som produktionssätt fungerar när konst och konstnärligt arbete ska mätas och användas i en affärsplan.

The teoretical part of the thesis provides a discussion on the creative work with wood and focuses on wood as a traditional material, which plays a fundamental role not only in the lives of humans, but also in the visual arts culture. This part further discusses the application of this topic in the art and design education with special reference to the relevant educational curricular documentation, methodology of art education through projects and the cross-curriculum relation with eviromental education. The practical part of the thesis was realised in the 2nd class of the Komensky primary school in the town Dačice, the Czech Republic. This part introduces a creative project centred on the topic of wood while discussing its applicability for the art and design education at the lower primary schools. The project consists of the seven creative lessons as a part of the regular art education, which are duly elaborated upon in the practical part.

Brno Lesna is ranked among the most highly regarded housing estates in Czechoslovakia ever since it was built in the 1960s. Mainly due to its ideal location at southern slopes around natural ravine and timeless urban design. This settlement at the time also constituted the most perfect realization of the current method of construction in our country. It was fully functional and completely finished even before first residents moved in. However, cultivated expression of housing architecture was recently severely affected by inappropriate revitalization. Change of ownership after the events of November 1989 also opened the way for development companies desiring to open spaces to build new apartment buildings. Original inhabitants, though, fight against it and seek for protection of whole settlement as heritage.

The dissertation studies the influence of the viewer’s gender normativity on the perception and interpretation of artworks. Based on the sociological research, the author analyses perception channels and evaluation criteria used by Ekaterinburg expert community, while elucidating the experts’ attitudes towards normative boundaries and gender aspects reflected in the works of contemporary professional art. / Диссертация посвящена исследованию влияния гендерной нормативности зрителя на восприятие и оценку им произведений искусства. На материале социсследования анализируются каналы восприятия и критерии оценивания произведений искусства экспертным сообществом г. Екатеринбурга, раскрывается отношение экспертов к нормативным границам и гендерным аспектам в произведениях современного профессионального искусства.