The purpose with this paper is to study the function of computer, in the teaching of One-to-One.   To get information and answers to the purpose and issues, a number of educators were interviewed. Research and literature in the field have been studied.   The questions discussed are: what strategies do teachers use and develop in their teaching and do they feel that their students reach higher results in One-to-One-teaching. The interviewed teachers have all good or very good computer experience but lack adequate teaching  methods in One-to-One.   The computer's function in the One-to-One is to be an educational tool. It replaces DVD, MP-3, pencil and paper and several other things. The study shows that communication between students and educators increases and leads to higher results. The increased communication will also ease a formative evaluation. God result in teaching requires well planned and structured lessons. You can see some shortcomings in pupils source criticism. The respondents request for a relevant education in One-to-One.   As One-to-One is a relatively new field of research, the research needs further and deeper studies. Research in the area didactics connected to an One-to-One project is an important area. It would be interesting to study how teachers use the computer from a didactic point of view.   Another field that needs to be studied is the question whether ”weak” students benefit from the One-to-One concept or not.   Do the students affects the socioeconomic background. A future research area would be: Are there differences in results based on the students' socioeconomic background, initially as well as by time, with the introduction of One-to-One. / Syftet med detta arbete är att studera vilken funktion datorn får i undervisningen inom En-till-En.   För att få information och svar till syfte och frågeställningar har ett antal pedagoger intervjuats. Forskning och litteratur inom området har studerats.   Frågeställningarna är vilka strategier som lärare använder och utvecklar i sin undervisning samt om pedagogerna upplever att deras elever når ett högre resultat inom En-till-En-undervisningen. De intervjuade pedagogerna har samtliga goda eller mycket goda datorkunskaper men saknar relevant utbildning inom En-till-En.   Datorns funktion inom En-till-En blir ett pedagogiskt redskap. Den ersätter DVD, mp-3, papper och penna och flera andra redskap. Studien visar att kommunikationen mellan elev och pedagog ökar och leder till att elever når högre resultat. Den ökade kommunikationen underlättar även en formativ bedömning. För att undervisningen skall vara givande krävs att lektionerna är grundligt planerade och har en tydlig struktur. En annan pedagogisk vinst är att även brister i elevernas källkritik upptäcks. Relevant fortbildning inom En-till-En efterfrågas.   Då En-till-En är ett relativt nytt forskningsfält pekar studien på ytterligare och djupare studier. Forskning inom området didaktik kopplat till En-till-En är ett angeläget område. Här skulle det vara intressant att se hur pedagoger använder datorn i sin didaktik.   Ett annat fält som vore angeläget att studera vidare är om svaga elever lyckas i lägre grad vid En-till-En i jämförelse med traditionell undervisning.   Ett framtida forskningsfält skulle kunna vara: Finns det skillnader i resultat som grundar sig i elevernas socioekonomiska bakgrund, såväl initialt som efter tid, vid införandet av En-till-En.

De konstnärliga högre utbildningarna med bild- och forminriktning har till övervägande del en studentsammansättning med kulturellt kapital1 hemifrån. För att hårdra betyder det att elever med litet ekonomisk, socialt eller kulturellt kapital inte söker estetiskt gymnasieprogram eller blir studenter på förberedande konstnärlig utbildning.Här ges en bild av hur villkoren ser ut på fältet och hur rekrytering till högre konstnärlig utbildning går till. Utbildningsanordnarna som intervjuas i undersökningen konstaterar den rådande sociala snedrekryteringen i Stockholm.En utbyggd användning av portfolio inom gymnasieskolan skulle kunna fungera som modell för att bryta den sociala snedrekryteringen. Portfoliomodellen ger elever och studenter utrymme att träna sig i självvärdering genom samlande och reflektion av egna alster. Att kunna värdera sig själv ger perspektiv och utvecklingsmöjligheter i förståelsen av sig själv som en del av ett större sammanhang, en helhet, en kultur. Genom de kriterier som innefattas av konstruktionen av portfolion, ges utmaning i att se nya möjligheter i sina framtida yrkes- och utbildningsval. / The education at an advanced level of Fine Arts is dominated by students with a cultural capital from their heritage2 In strong words this will mean that students with small economic, social or cultural capital won´t apply for aesthetic high schools or even become students in art schools.This degree thesis gives a picture of how the conditions look like in reality and how the recruitment to higher artistic education is conducted. The education organisers that were interviewed in the survey established that there is a prevailing social imbalance in Stockholm.A larger use of the portfolio in high-schools could stand as a model in order to break the prevailing social imbalance. The portfolio model gives each person the space, through collecting and reflection of their own material, to find and train in self evaluation. To be able to evaluate your own person it will give perspectives on his or hers development opportunities in the understanding of itself as a part of a bigger contexts, a whole, a culture. Through the criteria that are included of the structure of the portfolio, is given a challenge in seeing new possibilities in his or her future trade's - and educational choices.

Depuis l’adoption de la Loi 90 en 2002, la Loi sur les infirmières et infirmiers (LII, article 36) confère une autonomie élargie aux infirmières en reconnaissant, notamment, leur compétence et leur responsabilité à l’égard de l’évaluation clinique qui est représentée dans cette loi comme l’assise de l’exercice infirmier (Pellerin, 2009; OIIQ, 2010). La collecte des données constitue une étape fondamentale du processus d’évaluation clinique (Dillon, 2007; Doyon, Brûlé & Cloutier, 2002; Pellerin, 2009; Weber & Kelley, 2007). L’infirmière d’urgence a une responsabilité majeure à l’égard de la collecte des données. En effet, elle œuvre auprès de clientèles de tous âges qui présentent des problèmes de santé variés, aigus et parfois urgents et doit souvent intervenir, sur la base de son évaluation clinique, avant qu’un diagnostic n’ait été établi ou que le patient n’ait été vu par le médecin (Newberry & Criddle, 2005). Or, malgré toute l’importance que revêtent dorénavant l’évaluation clinique et la collecte des données au sens de la loi, ce rôle de l’infirmière semble tarder à s’actualiser dans la pratique clinique. Le but de cette étude qualitative descriptive consiste à explorer les perceptions d’infirmières, de gestionnaires en soins infirmiers et d’infirmières ressources cliniques d’urgence relativement à la réalisation de la collecte des données. La norme clinique « collecte des données » (assessment) de l’Emergency Nurses Association (1999) constitue le cadre de référence de l’étude. Cinq entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées de 60 minutes ainsi qu’un groupe de discussion de 90 minutes ont été réalisés auprès d’infirmières d’urgence. Un deuxième groupe de discussion a également réuni deux gestionnaires en soins infirmiers et deux infirmières ressources cliniques de l’urgence. Les données recueillies ont été analysées selon l’approche proposée par Miles et Huberman (2003). Les résultats obtenus démontrent que les infirmières considèrent la collecte des données comme un aspect fondamental de leur pratique à l’urgence, qui contribue à améliorer la qualité et la sécurité des soins dispensés. Or, les résultats révèlent également que leur compréhension de la collecte des données est variable, que leur pratique est aléatoire et largement influencée par le modèle biomédical. Plusieurs facteurs influencent la pratique des infirmières relativement à la collecte des données notamment : la conception individuelle de la collecte des données et du rôle infirmier, les relations et l’interaction avec les membres de l’équipe des soins infirmiers et les autres professionnels ainsi que le soutien de l’organisation et des gestionnaires en soins infirmiers. Ce dernier facteur semble prépondérant dans le contexte de l’urgence et démontre que le soutien des gestionnaires et des infirmières ressources cliniques influence de façon importante la pratique dans les milieux cliniques. Cette étude propose des pistes de réflexion sur la formation académique, la formation continue, l’administration des soins infirmiers et la collaboration interprofessionnelle qui pourraient faciliter l’actualisation du rôle des infirmières à l’égard de la collecte des données et de l’évaluation clinique afin d’améliorer la qualité des soins dispensés à l’urgence. / Since the enactment of Bill 90 in 2002, the Nurses Act (section 36) gives nurses greater autonomy by recognizing their competency and responsibility in clinical assessment, featured in this Act as the corner stone of the nursing profession (Pellerin, 2009; OIIQ, 2010). Assessment constitutes a fundamental step in the clinical assessment process (Dillon, 2007; Doyon, Brûlé & Cloutier, 2002; Pellerin, 2009; Weber & Kelley, 2007). The emergency nurses have a major responsibility with regard to patient assessment. In fact, they work with patients of all ages that have various health problems that can be acute and sometimes urgent, and they must intervene, according to their clinical assessment, before a diagnosis has been established or the patient has seen a doctor (Newberry & Criddle, 2005). Yet, despite the importance now conferred by law on clinical assessment, this role has yet to be accepted as an integral part of clinical nursing. The aim of this qualitative descriptive study is to explore the perceptions of nurses, nursing managers and clinical resource nurses with regard to assessment. The clinical standard of the Emergency Nurses Association for patient assessment (1999) is the frame of reference for this study. Five 60-minute individual semi-structured interviews and a 90-minute discussion group were conducted with emergency nurses. A second discussion group included two nursing managers and two emergency clinical resource nurses. The data collected were analysed using the approach proposed by Miles and Huberman (2003). The results obtained show that nurses view patient assessment as a fundamental part of their emergency responsibilities that influences the improvement of the quality and security of the care given. However, the results also revealed that their understanding of assessment varies, and that this practice is random and largely influenced by the biomedical model. Several factors influence nursing practice regarding patient assessment, in particular: individual notions of assessment and the role of nurses, the relations and interactions between members of the nursing team and other professionals, as well as the support of the organisation and the nursing managers. This last is a leading factor in the context of the emergency department and shows that the support of the nursing managers and clinical resource nurses has an important impact on practice in clinical settings. This study proposes further areas of study focused on academic training, continuing professional education, nursing management and inter-professional collaboration that could facilitate the actualisation of nurses’ roles concerning patient assessment to improve the quality of care provided in the emergency department.

The dissertation focuses on the assessment of the content of the inspection reports of the Czech School Inspectorate (CSI) in the context of the main stategical documents concerning the Czech educacional policy since the publication of the National Programme of the Development of Education in the Czech Republic (The White Book) in 2001. The thesis comprises of the historical introduction of the state supervision over schools in Bohemia and the extent of competency of the Czech School Inspectorate, which is currently conducting the schools external evaluation. The CSI provides the feedback to the schools through the inspection reports and the feedback to the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports through the annual reports. The dissertation examines the compliance of the contents of the inspection reports and the strategical documents of the Ministry of Education.

This thesis was focused on the influence of the development of a law opinion in the section of terms for assesment of a tax on a tax collection in the Czech republic. The purpose was to find out if the law about the tax and fees administration was a sufficient procedural tax norm in the section of terms for assessment of a tax, if existed the practice of the Supreme Administrative Court, which would edit, explain and improve interpretation provision § 47 Terms for assesment of tax which was wrote in the law about tax and fees administration. Furthermore was analyzed if the new procedural norm, the tax regulation, effective from 1. 1. 2011, was settled with interpretation the practice of the courts and what changes become against adjustment betray into the law about tax and fees administration. At the close work were make results, that the law about tax and fees administration was imperfect procedural norm in the section of terms for assesment of a tax and that the new procedural law, the tax regulation, which is more detailed specifies in the section of terms for assessment of a tax, can contribute to a better orientation in those problems.

Cette thèse traite de la compilation efficace des langages à objets en héritage multiple. La programmation objet est caractérisée par un mécanisme fondamental, emph{la liaison tardive} --- la méthode appelée dépend du type dynamique d'un paramètre distingué, le emph{receveur}. L'efficacité de ce mécanisme nécessite une implémentation adéquate qui est conditionnée par le schéma de compilation utilisé --- compilation séparée avec chargement dynamique, compilation globale, etc. Cependant la programmation par objets présente une apparente incompatibilité entre trois termes : l'héritage multiple, l'efficacité et l'owa --- en particulier, le chargement dynamique. Nous avons étudié les techniques d'implémentation compatibles avec l'héritage multiple couramment utilisées ainsi qu'une alternative prometteuse, le ph. Nous nous plaçons dans le cadre du typage statique, donc nos conclusions peuvent valoir pour des langages comme cpp, eiffel, java, csharp, etc. Différents schémas de compilation sont considérés, de l'owa à l'cwa. Ces techniques et ces schémas ont été mis en uvre dans le compilateur auto-gène du langage prm. L'influence sur l'efficacité de tous ces éléments a été testée dans un protocole expérimental rigoureux de méta-compilation et les tests ont été réalisés sur une variété de processeurs différents. Les résultats des ces expérimentations sont discutés et comparés aux évaluations a priori effectuées sur les techniques d'implémentation. Ils confirment aussi que le ph est une technique d'implémentation intéressante pour le sous-typage multiple à la java. / His thesis is about efficient compilation of object oriented language with multiple inheritance.Object oriented programing is characterized by a main mechanism, emph{late binding} --- invoked method only depends on the dynamic type of one special parameter, the emph{receiver}.In order to be efficient this mechanism needs an implementation which depends on some compilation scheme --- separate compilation with dynamic loading, global compilation, etc.However object oriented programming present akin of incompatibility between three terms: multiple inheritance, efficiency and open world assumption --- especially with dynamic loading.In this thesis, we have studied common implementation techniques compatible with multiple inheritance and a promising alternative, perfect class hashing.The context of this study is static typing, our conclusion holds for languages like cpp, eiffel, java, csharp, etc.Different compilation schemes are considered, from open world assumption to closed world assumption.These techniques and schemes are implemented in the prm bootstraped compiler.Efficiency influence of all this artifacts has been tested with a rigorous meta-compilation experimental protocol and these tests have been performed on a variety of different processors.Results of these experiments are discuss and compared to an a priori evaluations of implementations techniquesThey mainly confirm perfect class hashing as an interesting implementation for multiple subtyping, a la java.

Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou avaliar a precisão de infusões de medicamentos em dois modelos de Bomba de Infusão (BI), de equipo específico do fabricante e de equipo universal, a concordância entre estes dois modelos e sua relação de custo e efetividade. Método: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado em pacientes internados em um hospital geral universitário de 740 leitos. As unidades de internação foram randomizadas através de sorteio simples para cada modelo de equipamento e os pacientes foram incluídos de acordo com indicação de uso de BI, conforme protocolo institucional. Os tipos de erros e reações adversas foram classificados por meio de algoritmos. Foi calculado o custo de cada sistema de bomba de infusão, pela vida útil da tecnologia. Resultados: Em 55 pacientes foram acompanhadas 310 infusões, 117 no grupo da bomba de infusão de equipo universal e 193 na bomba de infusão de equipo especifico. Houve semelhança (p=0,40) entre o tempo programado e o observado nas infusões por meio da bomba de equipo específico (-2,1 ± 19 min) e universal (0,08 ± 23 min). Percentualmente, também não foi observada diferença (p=0,70) entre a infusão por bomba de equipo específico (-0,15±3,8%) e universal (0,1±6,3%). Foram observados 14 (4,5%) erros de medicação, semelhantes (p=0,58) entre os tipos de BI. Os custos cumulativos entre os dois sistemas de bombas se equivaleram em 30 meses, sendo que após 11 anos, foram significativamente maiores para bomba de equipo específico em 184,29%. Conclusão: Ambos modelos de BI avaliadas mostraram-se igualmente seguras para administração EV de fármacos, sendo o modelo de equipo universal mais vantajoso economicamente ao longo da vida útil dos equipamentos. / Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of drug infusion in two models of infusion pumps (IP), one with a specific IV set and other with universal IV set, the correlation between these two models and their relation of cost and effectiveness. Method: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in hospitalized patients in a university general hospital of 740 beds. The ward units were randomly chosen for each type of equipment, and patients were included according to indication for use of IP, based on institutional protocol. The types of errors and adverse reactions were classified by means of algorithms. The costs of each system for IP, was calculated considering the useful life of the technology. Results: 310 infusions were monitored: 117 in the universal infusion pump group and 193 in the specific equipment group, in 55 patients. The average difference between the scheduled time and the actual one in the infusions was -2.1 ± 19 min. and 0.08 ± 23 min. (p = 0.40) for the universal equipment and specific equipment, respectively, which means an average error of -0.15% ± 3.8% for the universal equipment and 0.10% ± 6.3% for the specific equipment, with no difference between the two types of pump. Fourteen (4.5%) medication errors were observed during the administration of medication, similar between the two types of IP. The cumulative costs between the two pump systems were equivalent in 30 months, and after 11 years the costs were meaningfully higher for the specific equipment pumps in 184,29 %. Conclusion: The infusion pumps do not show meaningful difference in accuracy between scheduled time and the actual one qualifying them as safe for the drugs observed. Cumulative costs were significantly distinct between both pieces of equipment.

Cette recherche porte sur l’impact des émotions sur les réponses des pilotes d’avion dans la gestion de situations dynamiques et ambiguës. A l’inverse des théories selon lesquelles les émotions dégradent les performances des pilotes, nous défendons la thèse selon laquelle les processus émotionnels ont une fonction adaptative et vont donc favoriser des réponses appropriées à la situation. Afin de vérifier cette hypothèse, des pilotes volontaires sont mis en situation de devoir gérer une fuite d’essence sur un simulateur de vol. Nous avons construit un scénario réaliste d’une durée d’une heure. Les pilotes ne sont donc pas confrontés à un problème ponctuel, s’apparentant à une situation de résolution de problèmes, mais doivent traiter l’anomalie de consommation d’essence pendant toute la durée du vol simulé. Ils ont donc la possibilité, en cours du vol, de corriger des choix qu’ils jugent inadaptés. Le relevé des fréquences cardiaques de chaque pilote pendant leur vol nous permet de repérer les épisodes émotionnels. Nous montrons que loin de dégrader les réponses des pilotes, les émotions sont positivement liées à la fois à leur expertise et à leurs performances : les pilotes ayant mis en œuvre les décisions les plus adaptées à la situation sont aussi ceux qui ont ressenti le plus d’émotions lors de la découverte et du traitement de la fuite d’essence. / This research centers on the impact of emotions on a pilot who's dealing with dynamic and/or ambiguous situations. Contrary to theories that state pilots' performances are diminished by emotions, we believe that an emotional process actually has an adaptive function which subsequently helps give appropriate answers to a given situation. To verify this hypothesis, volunteer pilots are confronted with having to deal with a fuel leakage on a flight simulator. We have built a realistic 1h long scenario. The pilots are not faced with a punctual situation, akin to problem solving, but have to treat the fuel consumption anomaly during the whole length of the flight simulation. Consequently they have the possibility, in flight, to recover inappropriate responses. The readings of the pilots' heartbeat allows us to identify the emotional episodes. We show that, far from diminishing the pilots' responses, emotions are linked positively not only to the pilots' expertise, but also their performances: The pilots who have devised the best responses to the situation are also those who've registered the most emotions whilst discovering and treating the fuel leakage.

In a world with limited resources and serious environmental, social and economical impacts, a more sustainable life style is everyday more important. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to develop a methodological procedure for eco-efficiency and sustainability assessment of industrial processes with multi-scale technology at design level. The methodology developed follows the ISO 14040 series for environmental LCA standard. To integrate the three pillars of sustainability the analytical hierarchical process was used. The results are represented in a triple bottom line framework. The methodology was applied to the case study "production of perfume-containing microcapsules" and different scenarios were assessed and compared. Several sustainability indicators were chosen to analyze the impacts. The results showed that this methodology can be used as a decision making tool for sustainability reporting. It can be applied to any process choosing in each case the corresponding set of inventory data and sustainability impact indicators. / En un mundo con recursos limitados y graves impactos ambientales, sociales y económicos, un estilo de vida más sostenible es cada día más importante. Debido a esto, el objetivo general de este trabajo es desarrollar un procedimiento metodológico para evaluar eco-eficiencia y sostenibilidad de procesos industriales con tecnología multi-escala a nivel de diseño. La metodología desarrollada sigue la serie ISO 14040 para el medio ambiente. Se utilizó el proceso analítico jerárquico para integrar los tres pilares de sostenibilidad. Los resultados se presentan en un balance triple. La metodología se aplicó al caso de estudio "producción de micro-cápsulas que contienen perfume" y se analizaron y compararon diferentes escenarios. Se seleccionaron diversos indicadores de sostenibilidad para analizar los impactos. Los resultados demostraron que esta metodología puede ser utilizada como herramienta de toma de decisiones y que puede aplicarse a cualquier proceso seleccionando, en cada caso, los datos del inventario y los indicadores.

Depuis l’adoption de la Loi 90 en 2002, la Loi sur les infirmières et infirmiers (LII, article 36) confère une autonomie élargie aux infirmières en reconnaissant, notamment, leur compétence et leur responsabilité à l’égard de l’évaluation clinique qui est représentée dans cette loi comme l’assise de l’exercice infirmier (Pellerin, 2009; OIIQ, 2010). La collecte des données constitue une étape fondamentale du processus d’évaluation clinique (Dillon, 2007; Doyon, Brûlé & Cloutier, 2002; Pellerin, 2009; Weber & Kelley, 2007). L’infirmière d’urgence a une responsabilité majeure à l’égard de la collecte des données. En effet, elle œuvre auprès de clientèles de tous âges qui présentent des problèmes de santé variés, aigus et parfois urgents et doit souvent intervenir, sur la base de son évaluation clinique, avant qu’un diagnostic n’ait été établi ou que le patient n’ait été vu par le médecin (Newberry & Criddle, 2005). Or, malgré toute l’importance que revêtent dorénavant l’évaluation clinique et la collecte des données au sens de la loi, ce rôle de l’infirmière semble tarder à s’actualiser dans la pratique clinique. Le but de cette étude qualitative descriptive consiste à explorer les perceptions d’infirmières, de gestionnaires en soins infirmiers et d’infirmières ressources cliniques d’urgence relativement à la réalisation de la collecte des données. La norme clinique « collecte des données » (assessment) de l’Emergency Nurses Association (1999) constitue le cadre de référence de l’étude. Cinq entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées de 60 minutes ainsi qu’un groupe de discussion de 90 minutes ont été réalisés auprès d’infirmières d’urgence. Un deuxième groupe de discussion a également réuni deux gestionnaires en soins infirmiers et deux infirmières ressources cliniques de l’urgence. Les données recueillies ont été analysées selon l’approche proposée par Miles et Huberman (2003). Les résultats obtenus démontrent que les infirmières considèrent la collecte des données comme un aspect fondamental de leur pratique à l’urgence, qui contribue à améliorer la qualité et la sécurité des soins dispensés. Or, les résultats révèlent également que leur compréhension de la collecte des données est variable, que leur pratique est aléatoire et largement influencée par le modèle biomédical. Plusieurs facteurs influencent la pratique des infirmières relativement à la collecte des données notamment : la conception individuelle de la collecte des données et du rôle infirmier, les relations et l’interaction avec les membres de l’équipe des soins infirmiers et les autres professionnels ainsi que le soutien de l’organisation et des gestionnaires en soins infirmiers. Ce dernier facteur semble prépondérant dans le contexte de l’urgence et démontre que le soutien des gestionnaires et des infirmières ressources cliniques influence de façon importante la pratique dans les milieux cliniques. Cette étude propose des pistes de réflexion sur la formation académique, la formation continue, l’administration des soins infirmiers et la collaboration interprofessionnelle qui pourraient faciliter l’actualisation du rôle des infirmières à l’égard de la collecte des données et de l’évaluation clinique afin d’améliorer la qualité des soins dispensés à l’urgence. / Since the enactment of Bill 90 in 2002, the Nurses Act (section 36) gives nurses greater autonomy by recognizing their competency and responsibility in clinical assessment, featured in this Act as the corner stone of the nursing profession (Pellerin, 2009; OIIQ, 2010). Assessment constitutes a fundamental step in the clinical assessment process (Dillon, 2007; Doyon, Brûlé & Cloutier, 2002; Pellerin, 2009; Weber & Kelley, 2007). The emergency nurses have a major responsibility with regard to patient assessment. In fact, they work with patients of all ages that have various health problems that can be acute and sometimes urgent, and they must intervene, according to their clinical assessment, before a diagnosis has been established or the patient has seen a doctor (Newberry & Criddle, 2005). Yet, despite the importance now conferred by law on clinical assessment, this role has yet to be accepted as an integral part of clinical nursing. The aim of this qualitative descriptive study is to explore the perceptions of nurses, nursing managers and clinical resource nurses with regard to assessment. The clinical standard of the Emergency Nurses Association for patient assessment (1999) is the frame of reference for this study. Five 60-minute individual semi-structured interviews and a 90-minute discussion group were conducted with emergency nurses. A second discussion group included two nursing managers and two emergency clinical resource nurses. The data collected were analysed using the approach proposed by Miles and Huberman (2003). The results obtained show that nurses view patient assessment as a fundamental part of their emergency responsibilities that influences the improvement of the quality and security of the care given. However, the results also revealed that their understanding of assessment varies, and that this practice is random and largely influenced by the biomedical model. Several factors influence nursing practice regarding patient assessment, in particular: individual notions of assessment and the role of nurses, the relations and interactions between members of the nursing team and other professionals, as well as the support of the organisation and the nursing managers. This last is a leading factor in the context of the emergency department and shows that the support of the nursing managers and clinical resource nurses has an important impact on practice in clinical settings. This study proposes further areas of study focused on academic training, continuing professional education, nursing management and inter-professional collaboration that could facilitate the actualisation of nurses’ roles concerning patient assessment to improve the quality of care provided in the emergency department.