The goal of the theses is to interpret a selected work of A. Lindgren in a theological way. Methodology of the practical part is built on the broad context of early Christian inculturation (interpretation of ancient culture in the Patristic Tradition, introduced in the work of Hugo Rahner), and of the modern philosophical-theological interpretation of secular culture (interpretation of Don Juan in the work of Karel Vrána). The personality of the author A. Lindgren is then described, with emphasis on certain biographical facts which are particularly important for the goal of the theses. The work of German theologian Thomas Vogel is introduced in the Czech environment for the first time. Thomas Vogel is well-known for his Christian interpretations of A. Lindgren?s books. In the final part the author interprets the book Mio, My Son from christological, ecclesiological and eschatological point of view.

La conception du coeur d’un réacteur nucléaire est fortement multidisciplinaire (neutronique, thermo-hydraulique, thermomécanique du combustible, physique du cycle, etc.). Le problème est aussi de type multi-objectif (plusieurs performances) à grand nombre de dimensions (plusieurs dizaines de paramètres de conception).Les codes de calculs déterministes utilisés traditionnellement pour la caractérisation des coeurs demandant d’importantes ressources informatiques, l’approche de conception classique rend difficile l’exploration et l’optimisation de nouveaux concepts innovants. Afin de pallier ces difficultés, une nouvelle méthodologie a été développée lors de ces travaux de thèse. Ces travaux sont basés sur la mise en oeuvre et la validation de schémas de calculs neutronique et thermo-hydraulique pour disposer d’un outil de caractérisation d’un coeur de réacteur à neutrons rapides à caloporteur sodium tant du point de vue des performances neutroniques que de son comportement en transitoires accidentels.La méthodologie mise en oeuvre s’appuie sur la construction de modèles de substitution (ou métamodèles) aptes à remplacer la chaîne de calcul neutronique et thermo-hydraulique. Des méthodes mathématiques avancées pour la planification d’expériences, la construction et la validation des métamodèles permettent de remplacer cette chaîne de calcul par des modèles de régression au pouvoir de prédiction élevé.La méthode est appliquée à un concept innovant de coeur à Faible coefficient de Vidange sur un très large domaine d’étude, et à son comportement lors de transitoires thermo-hydrauliques non protégés pouvant amener à des situations incidentelles, voire accidentelles. Des analyses globales de sensibilité permettent d’identifier les paramètres de conception influents sur la conception du coeur et son comportement en transitoire. Des optimisations multicritères conduisent à des nouvelles configurations dont les performances sont parfois significativement améliorées. La validation des résultats produits au cours de ces travaux de thèse démontre la pertinence de la méthode au stade de la préconception d’un coeur de réacteur à neutrons rapides refroidi au sodium. / Nuclear reactor core design is a highly multidisciplinary task where neutronics, thermal-hydraulics, fuel thermo-mechanics and fuel cycle are involved. The problem is moreover multi-objective (several performances) and highly dimensional (several tens of design parameters).As the reference deterministic calculation codes for core characterization require important computing resources, the classical design method is not well suited to investigate and optimize new innovative core concepts. To cope with these difficulties, a new methodology has been developed in this thesis. Our work is based on the development and validation of simplified neutronics and thermal-hydraulics calculation schemes allowing the full characterization of Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor core regarding both neutronics performances and behavior during thermal hydraulic dimensioning transients.The developed methodology uses surrogate models (or metamodels) able to replace the neutronics and thermal-hydraulics calculation chain. Advanced mathematical methods for the design of experiment, building and validation of metamodels allows substituting this calculation chain by regression models with high prediction capabilities.The methodology is applied on a very large design space to a challenging core called CFV (French acronym for low void effect core) with a large gain on the sodium void effect. Global sensitivity analysis leads to identify the significant design parameters on the core design and its behavior during unprotected transient which can lead to severe accidents. Multi-objective optimizations lead to alternative core configurations with significantly improved performances. Validation results demonstrate the relevance of the methodology at the predesign stage of a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor core.

Syftet med den här studien är att analysera vilka initiala och operationella normer som har använts vid översättningar till tyska av sångboksuppslag till visor skrivna av Astrid Lindgren. Modellerna som har använts är hämtade från Franzon (2009), Franzon (2016) och van Meerbergen (2010). Frågeställningarna berör musikalisk rytm, retoriska stilmedel inom texterna samt interaktionsgraden i text och bild med läsaren. Syftet är även att se hur aktiva respektive passiva huvudpersonerna i böckerna är. Resultaten visar att översättningarna av beskrivande visor med långa verser tenderar att bli kortare och mycket förändrade i jämförelse med översättningarna av visor med korta verser och en mindre beskrivande natur. Interaktionsgraden med läsaren är för det mesta låg i både text och bild i käll- och måltexterna. Huvudpersonerna i de tyska översättningarna är även mer aktiva i det tyska översättningarna än i de svenska originalen. / The aim of this study is to analyse which initial and operational norms that were used in the German translation of pages from a songbook written by Astrid Lindgren. The models that are used are taken from Franzon (2009), Franzon (2016) and van Meerbergen (2010). The research questions concern musical rhythm, rhetorical methods within the text, the interaction level between images and text and the reader. The purpose is also to see how active or passive the main characters in the books are portrayed. The results show that translations of describing songs with long verses tend to become shorter and very changed compared to translations of songs with short verses and with a less describing nature. The interaction level with the reader is mostly low in both source and target texts and images. The main characters are also more active in the German translations than in the Swedish originals.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate how a picture book for children is transformed into an easy-to-read version for children who have just started reading. I examine two versions of Emil of Lönneberga. One of the books is the orginal picture book of Emil in Lönneberga and was written by Astrid Lindgren (1963), while the other is an easy-toreadversion of the book, as adapted by the author Helena Renvall (1977). I have conducted a comparative study as a text and picture analysis of the material, with the focus on the adaptation of the original story. The adaptation in this case is a revision intended to make the story easier to read and more accessible to today’s children. The most important finding of the study is that easily read information is not just a matter of simplifying the text; the form of both text and pictures is adapted. The text is characterized by simpler words and shorter sentences. The pictorial material has been increased and the originally black and white pictures have been given added red colour. Otherwise, most of the layout has been changed for several reasons, but generally speaking so that the relation between text and pictures on each spread will function inthe most easy-to-read way possible.

Les réacteurs de IVème génération à neutrons rapides offrent la possibilité de valoriser le plutonium produit par le parc actuel des réacteurs à eau légère et de transmuter une part déterminante des déchets ultimes. Actuellement, de nouveaux projets de réacteurs à neutrons rapides sont étudiés dans le monde et doivent satisfaire de nouvelles exigences en termes d’économie des ressources, de réduction des déchets, de compétitivité, de sûreté et de fiabilité. Ainsi, ces nouveaux projets intègrent des innovations qui permettent d’améliorer la sûreté du réacteur (comportement naturel du coeur) en cas d’accident. Dans le cas du prototype ASTRID étudié en France au CEA, ces innovations portent sur le design géométrique du coeur et notamment l’intégration d’une plaque fertile au centre et d’un plenum de sodium en partie supérieure afin d’augmenter les fuites de neutrons en cas de vidange en sodium. Ces designs hétérogènes sont caractérisés par des vidanges en sodium proches de zéro résultant de fortes compensations entre les différentes zones du coeur. L’évaluation des grandeurs neutroniques d’intérêt nécessitent alors des outils de calculs robustes dans le but de traiter rigoureusement le transport des neutrons, et notamment au niveau des interfaces entre milieux. Le premier travail de thèse a donc consisté à améliorer la méthodologie existante permettant d’évaluer au mieux les grandeurs neutroniques d’intérêt. Ces améliorations ont consisté à développer une méthode d’analyse spécifique basée sur la théorie des perturbations et l’utilisation d’un solveur de flux moderne en transport Sn. Ce travail a permis d’une part, de réduire les biais de calcul sur les grandeurs neutroniques d’intérêt par rapport à des méthodes de référence (Monte Carlo) et, d’autre part, d’obtenir des distributions spatiales des effets neutroniques plus précises, et notamment des coefficients locaux de contre-réactions utilisés pour les analyses de transitoires non-protégés caractérisant le niveau « naturel » de « sûreté » du coeur. Par ailleurs, les incertitudes sur ces paramètres neutroniques ont un impact important sur les performances et la sûreté du coeur en termes de marges à prendre lors de la phase de conception. Il est donc important de les maîtriser et de les réduire afin de conserver les gains envisagés par le concept CFV. Ces incertitudes ont pour origines : les données nucléaires (sections efficaces macroscopiques pour une composition du coeur donnée), les données technologiques (données de fabrication et notamment la géométrie, les concentrations atomiques des constituants du coeur et les lois de dilatations thermiques),l’évolution du bilan matière dans le coeur sous irradiation, la thermique du combustible, les biais provenant des solveurs, des schémas de calculs (et de la modélisation) et des méthodes utilisées. Par ailleurs, les incertitudes sur la composition du coeur irradié et la thermique du combustible sont elles-mêmes fortement affectées par celles sur les données nucléaires. La propagation des incertitudes issues des données nucléaires sur les grandeurs neutroniques est donc complexe car faisant intervenir plusieurs sources de corrélation. Cette complexité est en outre accrue si l’on souhaite évaluer la corrélation spatiale des grandeurs neutroniques et des incertitudes associées. Le deuxième objectif de la thèse a donc consisté à mettre en place une méthodologie permettant de propager les incertitudes issues des données nucléaires sur les grandeurs neutroniques. Cette méthodologie se base sur l’évaluation de coefficients locaux de sensibilités permettant de déterminer les corrélations entre les différents paramètres neutroniques. (...) / Fast reactors (FR) can give value to the plutonium produced by the existing light water reactors and allow the transmutation of a significant part of the final nuclear waste. These features offer industrial prospects for this technology and new projects are currently studied in the world such as ASTRID prototype in France. Future FRs will have also to satisfy new requirements in terms of competitiveness, safety and reliability. In this context, the new core concept envisaged for ASTRID incorporate innovative features that improve the safety of the reactor in case of accident. The proposed design achieves a sodium voiding effect close to zero: it includes a fertile plate in the middle of the core and a sodium plenum in the upper part in order to increase the neutron leakage in case of sodium voiding. This heterogeneous design represents a challenge for the calculation tools and methods used so far to evaluate the neutronic parameters in traditional homogeneous cores. These methods have been improved over the thesis to rigorously treat the neutron streaming, especially at the mediums interfaces. These enhancements have consisted in the development of a specific analysis methodology based on perturbation theory and using a modern three dimensional Sn transport solver. This work has allowed on the one hand, to reduce the bias on static neutronic parameters in comparison with Monte Carlo methods, and, on the other hand, to obtain more accurate spatial distributions of neutronic effects including the reactivity feedback coefficients used for transient analysis. The analysis of the core behavior during transients has also allowed estimating the impact of reactivity feedback coefficients assessment improvements. In conjunction with this work, innovative methods based on the evaluation of local sensitivities coefficients have been proposed to assess the uncertainties associated to local reactivity effects. These uncertainties include the correlations between the different local parameters. The propagation during transients with these methods has allowed an estimation of temperature distributions achieved in the core and also to determine the available safety margins before sodium boiling.

Uppsatsen utgår från Signerad textil, en kollektion tryckta tyger för offent­lig miljö, som tillkom 1954 i regi av NK:s Textilkammare. Tolv konstnärliga utövare, varav tio manliga, inbjöds att medverka. För nutida betrakt­are är den stora majoriteten män uppseende­väckande, då det textila området länge hade kodats som kvinnligt – och gör så än. Det leder till mina frågeställningar: Hur gick urvalet av inbjudna konstnärer till? Hur kom det sig att endast två av dem var kvinnor?  Hade en annan sammansättning av gruppen inbjudna konstnärer, bestående av fler eller enbart kvinnor, varit möjlig och hur hade den i så fall kunnat se ut?  Materialet utgörs av Astrid Sampes arkiv på Konstbiblioteket, Nationalmuseum, samt referenslitteratur inom konst och design. De teoretiska ramarna utgörs av genusteori, med stöd av Pierre Bourdieus teorier om fält, kapital och aktörer. Metod är arkiv- och text­analys. Uppsatsen består av inledning, ett analyskapitel, ett diskussionskapitel samt epilog. I analyskapitlet skrivs dels det textila områd­et fram som kvinnligt kodat, dels presenteras bakgrunden till Signerad textil. Parall­ellt vävs detta sam­man med ett försök att tolka det textila fältet och kollek­tionens kontext med hjälp av Bourdieus teorier. I det avslutande kapitlet diskuteras om och hur frågeställningarna kan besvaras samt möjliga orsaker till att de manliga konstnärerna var i stor majoritet. Epilogen handlar om hur kollek­tionen har presenterats efter 1954 samt att det textila fältet ännu är kvinnligt kodat.

When war broke out in Europe in 1939 a mother of two, the thirty-three-year-old Astrid Lindgren, begun keeping a journal. In this diary she wrote about the events of the war, the decisions of the government of Sweden and her own personal life in Stockholm. With a micro historical approach and with a theoretical framework from history of emotions this study aims to explore Lindgren´s emotional life and her emotions towards the changing aspects of the ordinary life, her government´s political agenda, and towards the international players and victims of the second world war. With the use of William K. Reddy´s terminology of emotive and emotional navigation as well as Hugo Nordland´s emotional strategies as analyzing tools the results showed that Lindgren´s initial emotion towards the ordinary life, now affected by the war, was despair, expressed in emotives such as chock, sadness and despondency. The emotion later shifted to gratitude (towards her own privileged situation) and blues (caused by war fatigue), existing simultaneously. The most common emotion expressed correlating to the Swedish government is the emotion of trust. Lindgren´s main emotions towards the victims of the war was compassion. At multiples times, in her diaries, she expressed pity for those who suffered and gratitude for not being among them. The emotions she expressed correlating to the great powers of the war was hate (Germany), fear (Soviet Union) and contempt (Italy). But she also felt conflicted when faced with the fact that she might have to make a choice between Germany and the Soviet Union. The fear of the Russians trumped her loathing of the Nazi regime, but when she gained a greater knowledge of the German atrocities, she came to regard both regimes as equally horrible. The frequent use of certain emotives (such as confidence, gratitude and pity) indicates an emotional navigation to consolidate her feelings and avoid other less desirable emotions. In the same way the uses of biblical metaphors, comparisons of beasts and the reference to brotherly love gives proof of emotional strategies in her handling of undesirable feelings such as hatred and shame. Lastly, this study concludes in a didactical discussion arguing that Astrid Lindgren´s war diaries is a material of great value when teaching of and developing a historical consciousness.

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This dissertation is a scientific biography of Astrid Cleve von Euler. She was Sweden’s first female Ph.D. graduate in the natural sciences (1898) and pursued a scientific career in spite of formal and cultural limitations. Though she failed to secure a professional position as a scientist, she published numerous papers throughout her life. The dissertation studies her life in general and analyses her research in particular. How did her research change over time in relation to the rest of her life? How did established scientists receive her research? How did her status as a woman on the fringes of academia affect her research? Sociologist Thomas F. Gieryn’s concepts of boundary-work and credibility contests are important analytical tools in the interpretation of these questions, as Cleve’sresearch was regulated by various boundaries: between professionals and amateurs, between men and women and between different academic disciplines. The study is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter introduces the dissertation, its objective and theoretical framework. The remaining chapters follow Cleve’s life in a chronological and sometimes thematic order and the source material is continually analysed. Chapter two accounts for Cleve’s childhood and student years in Uppsala, ending with her Ph.D. graduation. Chapter tree focuses on her research as a chemist and her ten years of marriage to a fellow researcher, Hans von Euler-Chelpin, a marriage that was closely intertwined with their academic studies. The fourth chapter studies Cleve’s controversy with some of the leading quaternary geologists in Sweden at the time, regarding the level changes of the Scandinavian land mass following the latest Ice Age. The fifth chapter diverges slightly from Cleve’s research, and investigates her undertakings in popular science and her political standpoints. Chapter six analyses her archaeological studies as part of the scientific controversy she was involved in, but also as influenced by political and religious views. Finally, the seventh chapter begins with a closer look at Cleve’s diatom studies, already part of most of the study but thus far not focused on as such, and ends with the main conclusions of the entire dissertation project. The dissertation shows that while science was part of Cleve’s life from childhood to death, factors other than her personal desire to uncover scientific truths governed her research opportunities and the topics of her studies. While she was consistently highly regarded as a diatom expert and gained some success as a chemist, disciplines she was formally educated in, she was met with scepticism and eventually silence when she tried to make an impact in quaternary geology and archaeology, fields of research in which she had no formal training. This demonstrates a possibility to simultaneously be regarded as credible and non-credible as a scientist, as credibility is not necessarily attached to the individual, but to his or her formal expertise in a particular area.

The purpose of this study is to analyze two literary translations of Astrid Lindgren’s Pippi Långstrump (Lindgren, 1945) from Swedish into English.  The study compares the British and the American English translations of neologisms, nonce words and proper nouns.  The primary data chosen for this study are the Swedish children’s book Pippi Långstrump (1945), written by Astrid Lindgren, and its 1954 British translation, by Edna Hurup, as well as the 1977 American English translation, by Florence Lamborn.  The method used in this study is qualitative, and consists of an in-depth analysis of representative examples of neologisms, nonce words and proper nouns.  Three research questions aimed at finding out what translation procedures were used, whether there were any differences between the two translations, and whether there were any semantic changes in the two translations.  The conclusion is that the most common translation procedure used is equivalence.  The most distinguishing difference between the two translations is that the American English translation seems to stay more true to the original text, whereas the British translation has a greater respect for the target text reader, in the sense that it is more culturally adapted than the American English translation.  There were no major semantic changes in the samples from the two translations, with the exception of a few examples.  In conclusion, both translators manage to maintain the atmosphere of the original text.