The need for change of direction in Software Engineering has been suggested in severalresources [Power of Models]. In recent years many organizations have focused on ModelDriven Engineering (MDE) as an approach to application design and implementation.Model Driven Architecture (MDA) was introduced by Object Management Group (OMG) in2001 in support of MDE. Models are the basic elements in MDE. The focus on MDE is onthe concept of “Everything is a model”. So far several languages, tools and platforms havebeen created for MDE.In particular, models can be developed in a distributed environment, thus once they mergetogether, conflicts and inconsistencies should be detected in a convenient way to bereconciled (automatically by software or manually by developers). This project is based onprevious works that define difference and conflict metamodels of a source model. In thisreport, we introduce the benefits of versioning systems in MDE framework. A conflictmetamodel that is generated from the input metamodel and the architecture for detectingconflicts are represented. The proposed approach is metamodel independent that meansconflict metalmodel is created for any input model which conforms to Kernel Meta MetaModel (KM3). The concept of used conflict model can be also changed regardless ofmodels. The extended idea for conflicts detection, the presented architecture for modelcode management and the tools that can detect conflicts of concurrent models can help toimprove MDE in model code management. For this report, some implementation in Eclipseplatform has been rendered while some future works are suggested. / University of L'Aquila, Project group in Moedling with Alfonso Pierantonio

Bien que très proches dans leur organisation génomique, le rétrovirus HTLV-1 est impliqué dans le développement de la leucémie à cellule T de l’adulte (ATL) alors que l’infection par HTLV-2 n’a jamais été associée à des désordres hématologiques malins. La transformation des cellules infectées par HTLV-1 a longtemps été attribuée uniquement à la protéine virale transactivatrice Tax (Tax-1). Cependant, son expression est très faible dans les cellules ATL. La protéine HBZ a été découverte en 2002. Elle est traduite à partir d'un ARNm transcrit à partir du LTR 3' d'HTLV-1 et est exprimée par les cellules infectées issues de tous les patients HTLV-1 quel que soit leur statut clinique. HBZ participe au maintien du phénotype tumoral en stimulant la prolifération des cellules leucémiques et intervient dans l'échappement du virus au système immunitaire. Des analyses in silico nous avaient permis de détecter un cadre ouvert de lecture sur le brin complémentaire de l’ARN génomique d’HTLV-2. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à amplifier et caractériser d’une part le transcrit APH-2 et d’autre part la protéine qui en est issue. Nous avons démontré dans un premier temps que la transcription d’APH-2 était initié dans le LTR 3’ et que le transcrit APH-2 était épissé et poly-adénylé. Nous avons ensuite mis en évidence l’expression d’APH-2 dans les lignées infectées par HTLV-2, ainsi que dans des cultures de lymphocytes issus de deux porteurs sains africains. La mise au point d’une technique quantitative de RT-PCR nous a permis de détecter APH-2 ex vivo chez 94% des individus d’une série de 51 porteurs sains américains. Nous avons aussi montré que l'expression de cet ARNm était proportionnelle à la charge provirale. APH-2 code une protéine de 183 acides aminés dont nous avons mis en évidence l’expression dans la lignée MO. Mes travaux ont aussi permis de démontrer le rôle inhibiteur d’APH-2 sur la transcription virale malgré l’absence d’un domaine bZip classique, ainsi que son interaction avec le facteur de transcription CREB. Par immunofluorescence, nous avons établi la localisation nucléaire d’APH-2. La protéine semble associée aux corps PML grâce à une région de six arginines comprise entre les résidus 78 et 92. Cependant, contrairement à HBZ, nous n’avons pas observé d’interactions entre APH-2 et les facteurs cJun, JunD ou le cofacteur de transcription CBP/p300. De plus nous avons observé qu’APH-2 était incapable d’induire la prolifération des lymphocytes in vitro alors qu’une lymphocytose est souvent observée chez les porteurs d’HTLV-2. Grâce à une approche comparative, mes travaux ont ainsi permis d’apporter des éléments nouveaux dans la compréhension de la différence de pathogénicité qu’il existe entre HTLV-1 et HTLV-2. / Although they are very similar in their genomic organization, the HTLV-1 retrovirus is involved in the development of adult T cell leukaemia (ATL) while HTLV-2 has not been associated to any malignant haematological disorders. The tumoral transformation of infected cells was widely associated to the viral transactivactor protein Tax (Tax-1), which modulates many cellular functions. However, its expression is slightly in ATL cells. In 2002, the HBZ protein was discovered, encoded from the 3’ LTR by the complementary strand of HTLV-1 and expressed by all HTLV-1 infected people. HBZ participates in the maintenance of the tumoral phenotype by stimulating leukemic cells proliferation and is involved in the immune system escape. We recently detected a coding region by an in silico analysis in the complementary strand of HTLV-2. My work consisted in the characterization of the APH-2 transcript, and in a second part, of the associated protein. At first, we characterized the APH-2 transcription initiation in the 3’LTR and that transcript was spliced and poly-adenylated and demonstrated that the APH-2 expression in all HTLV-2 cell lines and in short cultured lymphocytes from African healthy carriers. We used a quantitative RT-PCR on uncultured cells from 51 American HTLV-2 healthy carriers and we we detected APH-2 expression in 94% of them. We then showed that APH-2 RNA expression is correlated to the HTLV-2 proviral load. The APH-2 transcript encoded a 183 amino acid protein that was shown to be expressed in the HTLV-2 infected Mo cell line. Our work demonstrated the inhibitory functions of APH-2 in the viral transcription and its interaction with the transcriptional cofactor CREB despite the lack of a bZip domain. By an immunofluorescence approach we established the nuclear localisation of APH-2, which is in particular in the PML nuclear bodies. We demonstrated that six arginines in the 78-92 amino acids region is involved in this PML colocalization. Contrary to HBZ, we didn’t observe any interaction with between APH-2 and cJun or JunD factors nor with the transcriptional cofactor CBP/p300. Furthermore we showed that APH-2 is not involved in lymphocyte proliferation in vitro although a lymphocytosis is often observed in HTLV-2 carriers. According to this comparative approach, my work allowed us to better understand the difference of pathogenicity existing between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChristianaCP_TESE.pdf: 2108734 bytes, checksum: 102e886b7f28f0cd367708f6a4bf60ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-23 / Funda??o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia / This study aimed at exploring and describing children s perceptions in threatened natural settings, specifically, the Rain Forest in Brazil. Several studies point to the significance of perceptions for people s pro-environmental attitudes and actions. We try to understand the person-environment interaction from an ecological perspective, and we present theoretical references for the understanding of how crucial nature is for psychological development and well-being. The children s drawings, individual interviews, discussion groups, photographies and informal and indirect sources, as teachers, brought material for the analysis. Participated in our study, carried on through a multi-method strategy, 209 children from six to eleven years old, living in the neighborhood of the Biological Reserve of Una, State of Bahia, created to protect Rain Forest fragments. The Rain Forest landscape is well portrayed in children s drawings, the vegetal elements prevailing over artificial and human elements. The figured plants and trees, however, are pointed with no precision as to their species. Most of the defined species are eatable. The children seem to be aware of the environment degradation, and of the importance of its conservation, but they describe episodes of hunting and feeding wild threatened animals. Our results indicate a utilitarian trend in the perception of living beings, in terms of their immediate usefulness for people. The multimethod approach seems to be appropriate to the complexity of the theme; the methodological strategies were well accepted by the children, offering them opportunities to express themselves. We observed how children, in different life phases, organize natural elements and processes in their drawings, and how these images relate to the local landscape. We discuss the results in the light of theoretical references of personenvironment studies and from previous investigations about children s perceptions of natural environment / Este estudo visou explorar e descrever as percep??es infantis de ambientes naturais protegidos, especificamente da Mata Atl?ntica no Brasil. Muitos estudos apontam a import?ncia das percep??es nas a??es pr?-ambientais ou pr?-ecol?gicas. Buscamos compreender a intera??o pessoa-ambiente a partir de perspectiva ecol?gica, e apresentamos tamb?m referenciais te?ricos para a compreens?o de como a natureza ? crucial para o bem-estar e o desenvolvimento psicol?gico. Os desenhos das crian?as, acrescidos de entrevista, grupo de discuss?o, fotografias, al?m de fontes informais e indiretas, como as professoras, forneceram material para tal an?lise. Participaram desta investiga??o explorat?ria, conduzida mediante estrat?gia multim?todos, 209 crian?as entre seis e onze anos de idade, vivendo no entorno da Reserva Biol?gica de Una, Estado da Bahia, criada para proteger fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica. A Mata Atl?ntica foi bem representada nos desenhos, os elementos vegetais predominando sobre os artificiais e humanos. Por?m, as plantas figuradas s?o assinaladas sem a precis?o de esp?cie. As esp?cies definidas, em sua maioria, s?o comest?veis. As crian?as parecem conscientes da degrada??o do ambiente e da import?ncia de sua conserva??o, mas tamb?m descrevem intera??es de ca?a e alimenta??o de esp?cies protegidas. Os resultados indicam tend?ncia utilitarista na percep??o dos seres vivos, quanto ? sua utilidade para as pessoas. A abordagem multim?todo foi adequada ? complexidade do fen?meno; as estrat?gias adotadas foram bem aceitas pelas crian?as e lhes ofereceram oportunidades para expressar-se. Observamos como as crian?as, em diferentes fases da vida, organizam os elementos e processos naturais em seus desenhos, e como estas imagens se relacionam ? paisagem local. Discutimos os resultados ? luz de referenciais te?ricos dos estudos pessoa-ambiente, e investiga??es precedentes acerca da percep??o infantil de ambientes naturais

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-29T11:54:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- Kelly Cristina da Silva.pdf: 7307607 bytes, checksum: 8d84ec46e5af2c80b3625d586980819b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T11:54:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011- Kelly Cristina da Silva.pdf: 7307607 bytes, checksum: 8d84ec46e5af2c80b3625d586980819b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Atlantic Forest is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots because of the diversity and high degrees of endemism and threat. Melastomataceae is a plant family typical of this biome, and it is represented by more than 500 species that occur from restingas (sandy coastal plain habitats) to the upper montane forests and high-altitude grasslands. Despite this broad representation, there are few taxonomic studies of this family for this biome, and especially of the flora of Rio de Janeiro state. The present study aims to survey the Melastomataceae at Marambaia, an island included in the Atlantic Forest biome, as well as taxonomic and floristic similarity studies. It has significant ecological importance as a natural refuge for several plant species of the Tropical Moist Forest and for the preservation of genetic heritage. The vegetation types are Submontane Tropical Moist Forest and restinga, and the Melastomataceae is represented by seven genera and 25 species, of which 13 (52%) represent new records for the area. Miconia is the largest genus with 10 species, followed by Tibouchina (6 spp.), Leandra (4 spp.), Clidemia (2spp.) and Huberia, Marcetia and Ossaea (1 sp. each). Descriptions, illustrations, and a key to identify the taxa are provided. Morphological characteristics of leaves, inflorescences, buds, petals, hypanthium, stamens, indumentum, fruits, and seeds are diagnostic to distinguish the taxa. Comments on morphological peculiarities of species and geographical, phenological, and conservation status data are also presented. Three species are cited on the list of endangered species of Rio de Janeiro municipality. Among the vegetation formations, the Submontane Tropical Moist Forest has the highest species richness (23 species), while in restingas the richness is lower, with eight species in forest formations, five species in shrubby formations, and only two species in herbaceous formations. Similarity between the vegetation formations of Marambaia was low, ranging between 4.2% and 40%. Despite the strong relationship between these formations and their physical proximity, the four areas at Marambaia have low species similarity. Key words: Atlantic / A Floresta Atl?ntica ? um dos hotspots mundiais de biodiversidade devido ? elevada diversidade e graus de endemismo e amea?a. Dentre as fam?lias vegetais t?picas desse bioma est? Melastomataceae, com mais de 500 esp?cies e que ocorrem desde as restingas at? as florestas altomontanas e campos de altitude. Apesar dessa numerosa representatividade, poucos s?o os estudos taxon?micos sobre esta fam?lia na flora fluminense. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar o levantamento flor?stico da fam?lia Melastomataceae na Marambaia, uma regi?o insular integrada no bioma Floresta Atl?ntica, bem como estudos taxon?micos e de similaridade flor?stica. Ela desempenha significativa import?ncia ecol?gica como um ref?gio natural para diversas esp?cies de plantas da Mata Pluvial e atua na preserva??o do patrim?nio gen?tico. Nessa regi?o insular, onde a cobertura vegetal ? de Floresta Ombr?fila Densa Submontana e Restinga, a representatividade da fam?lia Melastomataceae mostra-se expressiva, constitu?da de sete g?neros e 25 esp?cies, das quais 13 correspondem a novos registros para a ?rea. Miconia ? o g?nero mais numeroso, com 10 esp?cies, seguido por Tibouchina (6 spp.), Leandra (4 spp.), Clidemia ( 2spp.) e Huberia, Marcetia e Ossaea (1 sp. cada). S?o apresentadas descri??es, ilustra??es e chaves para identifica??o dos t?xons. Caracter?sticas morfol?gicas das folhas, infloresc?ncias, ?pice dos bot?es florais e p?talas, hipanto, estames, tipos de indumento, frutos e sementes mostram-se diagn?sticas para a identifica??o dos t?xons. Coment?rios sobre particularidades morfol?gicas das esp?cies e dados geogr?ficos, fenol?gicos e sobre o estado de conserva??o das esp?cies, tamb?m s?o apresentados. Tr?s esp?cies s?o citadas na lista das esp?cies amea?adas de extin??o para o munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. Dentre as forma??es vegetais analisadas, a Floresta Ombr?fila Densa Submontana apresentou a maior riqueza de esp?cies (23 esp?cies), enquanto nas restingas a riqueza foi menor, com oito esp?cies nas Forma??es Florestais, cinco esp?cies nas Forma??es Arbustivas e apenas duas esp?cies nas Forma??es Herb?ceas. A similaridade entre as forma??es vegetais da Marambaia foi baixa, variando entre 4,2% e 40%. Apesar da elevada rela??o entre essas forma??es e suas proximidades f?sicas na Marambaia, as quatro ?reas guardam poucas semelhan?as na composi??o de esp?cies

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-27T17:19:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Ursula Brazil Rocha.pdf: 1722733 bytes, checksum: 768336c79a95bc3e4ae3515b2283d559 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T17:19:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Ursula Brazil Rocha.pdf: 1722733 bytes, checksum: 768336c79a95bc3e4ae3515b2283d559 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The epiphyte richness contributes significantly for the total biomass, species diversity and nutrient cycling in the Atlantic Forest. They grant structural complexity for the environment and contribute for the maintenance of various animal and plant species. Moreover, researches indicate that the epiphyte species are highly vulnerable to deforestation, being a biological indicator. The present study highlights the importance on identification and estimate of vascular epiphytes, species of extreme relevance for the evaluation on ecosystem functions and subsequent comprehension on the richness patterns with reference to environmental gradients. Epiphyte records from Araceae family in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, among five herbaria were raised and evaluated concerning its composition, altitudinal distribution patterns and also the state of knowledge of the family and its epiphytes throughout Rio de Janeiro. Fifty eight epiphyte species were listed for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Among the studied herbaria, the majority of the records of epiphyte individuals were found at RB (70,68%), followed by GUA (12,95%), RUSU (8,33%), R (5,21%) e HB (2,83%). However, the lack of information about the habit, life-form, and altitudinal occurrence reduces the perception of the real state of occurrence of these species. From 2849 epiphyte exsiccates of Araceae family, the biggest frequency (53,24%) occurs in the Metropolitan Region. The majority of the epiphytes (10,5%) was found between 0 and 200 m.s.l. and no record was found between 2001 and 2400 m.s.l., besides of having records to the family. / A riqueza de esp?cies de ep?fitas contribui significantemente para o total de biomassa, diversidade de esp?cies e ciclagem de nutrientes na Floresta Atl?ntica. Elas conferem complexidade estrutural ao ambiente e contribuem para a manuten??o de v?rias esp?cies vegetais e animais. Al?m disso, estudos indicam que as esp?cies ep?fitas s?o altamente vulner?veis ao desmatamento, constituindo um indicador biol?gico. O presente estudo ressalta a import?ncia da identifica??o e estimativa de ep?fitas vasculares, esp?cies altamente relevantes para a avalia??o das fun??es dos ecossistemas e para a posterior compreens?o do padr?o de riqueza de esp?cies em rela??o aos gradientes ambientais. S?o levantados os registros de esp?cies ep?fitas da fam?lia Araceae para o estado do Rio de Janeiro em v?rios herb?rios, avaliados a sua composi??o e padr?es de distribui??o em diferentes classes de altitude e indicado o estado do conhecimento da fam?lia e das formas ep?fitas em todo estado. Foram listadas 53 esp?cies ep?fitas para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Dentre os herb?rios estudados, o maior n?mero de registros com a informa??o do h?bito epif?tico foi encontrado no RB (70,68%), seguido de GUA (12,95%), RUSU (8,33%), R (5,21%) e HB (2,83%). Por?m a falta de informa??es sobre o h?bito, forma de vida, altitude de ocorr?ncia reduz a percep??o da real distribui??o dessas esp?cies no estado. De 2849 exsicatas da fam?lia Araceae, apenas 672 (23,6%) est?o indicadas como ep?fitas. Entre as exsicatas de ep?fitas, a freq??ncia maior (53,24%) est? na Regi?o Metropolitana. A maioria das ep?fitas (10,5%) foi encontrada entre 0 e 200 m.s.m. e nenhum registro foi encontrado entre 2001 e 2400 m.s.m., apesar de haver registros para a fam?lia Araceae.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-06T11:35:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Rafael Silva Barboza.pdf: 2062893 bytes, checksum: c7d9166e3fe66028a7acdadb02fed002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T11:35:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Rafael Silva Barboza.pdf: 2062893 bytes, checksum: c7d9166e3fe66028a7acdadb02fed002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-27 / Instituto Terra de Prote??o Ambiental, ITPA, Brasil. / The air basin is a three-dimensional space that conduct and distribute the winds over the drainage basin. In Rio de Janeiro?s state, 48% of the territory is constituted by Atlantic slope, where were registered 16 air basins with specific environmental features, distributed in 20% of the area. Based on the conformation of morphometrics parameters the air basins were grouped, by Multivariate Analysis - Cluster, with Euclidean distance of 48%, significance level of 95% and correlation coefficient of 0.7132, in 5 groups with similar forms. To evaluate the hydrologic effects within the air basins, it was used as a study case, the air basin of Angra dos Reis, where the magnitude of the interception of clouds was measured in the escape zone from the topographic divide of the Pirai river basin (leeward), in different distance away, with and without natural barriers, during the winter and summer. It was used vertical intercept sampling area equivalent to 0.45% of the forests in the region. The variation of the removal of the topographic divide occurred until 500 m of altitude, this limit may be the end of the escape zone and the beginning of the air basin distribution zone. The effect of air basin represented additional of 44% of the volume of rain in topographic divide (point 1), 39% at 4.5 km (point 2) and 42% at 7.5 km (point 3) of the point 1, in concordant direction of the flow. The effect of the orography in the trajectory of the winds, varied in an irregular way in winter and in summer, maintaining differential of 23% and 77% in point A (obstruction of 85% of the cross section) and 32% and 68% in point B (obstruction of 80% of the cross section). In areas under the influence of air basins, the variables and environmental processes can be crucial to offer environmental services in drainage basins. / A Bacia A?rea ? um espa?o tridimensional que conduz e distribui os ventos sobre as bacias hidrogr?ficas. No Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 48% do territ?rio ? composto pela vertente Atl?ntica, onde foram registradas 16 bacias a?reas com caracter?sticas ambientais espec?ficas, distribu?das em 20% da ?rea. Baseado na conforma??o de par?metros morfom?tricos as bacias a?reas foram agrupadas, atrav?s de An?lise Multivariada ? Cluster, com dist?ncia Euclidiana de 48%, n?vel de signific?ncia de 95% e coeficiente de correla??o de 0,7132 em 5 grupos com formas similares. Para avaliar os efeitos hidrol?gicos dentro das bacias a?reas, utilizou-se como estudo de caso a bacia a?rea de Angra dos Reis, onde a magnitude da vari?vel intercepta??o das nuvens foi medida na zona de escape, a partir do interfl?vio da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Pirai (sotavento), em dist?ncias de afastamento distintas, com e sem barreiras orogr?ficas, durante o inverno e ver?o. Utilizou-se ?rea amostral de intercepta??o vertical equivalente a 0,45% das florestas da regi?o. A varia??o do afastamento do interfl?vio ocorreu at? desn?vel de 500 m em altitude, podendo ser este limite o fim da zona de escape e in?cio da zona de distribui??o da bacia a?rea. O efeito da bacia a?rea representou adicional de 44% em volume de chuva no interfl?vio (ponto 1), 39% a 4,5 km (ponto 2) e 42% a 7,5 km (ponto 3) do ponto 1 em dire??o concordante ao sentido do fluxo. O efeito da orografia no corredor variou de forma irregular no inverno e no ver?o, mantendo diferencial de 23% e 77% no ponto A (obstru??o de 85% da se??o transversal) e 32% e 68% , no ponto B (obstru??o de 80% da se??o transversal). Em ?reas sob influ?ncia de bacias a?reas, as vari?veis e processos ambientais podem ser determinantes para ofertar servi?os ambientais nas bacias hidrogr?ficas.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-17T16:12:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Kelly Cristina da Silva Goncalves.pdf: 8978579 bytes, checksum: 967d7d009f51a3bbc8ce5255976e502f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T16:12:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Kelly Cristina da Silva Goncalves.pdf: 8978579 bytes, checksum: 967d7d009f51a3bbc8ce5255976e502f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Over the past decades, several authors have tried to explain the altitudinal distribution patterns and the factors that influence the distribution of species over the elevation gradients. In general, studies show that the richness distribution curve has the shape of a "hump", with intermediate altitudes with higher rates of diversity. Few are those who relate the Melastomataceae with elevation gradient and none addresses the family distribution in Brazil and, consequently, in the Atlantic Forest. The present study had two main objectives: (a) increase the knowledge of the taxonomic diversity of Melastomataceae in the study areas, providing an identification key for the genera, descriptions and evaluating the richness and peculiarities of the taxa, as well as the conservation status (Chapter I); and (b) to analyze the distribution pattern of the diversity of Melastomataceae along the altitudinal variation of a wooded stretch of Serra dos ?rg?os, in the mountainous region of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Chapter II). A floristic survey was done in contiguous protected areas, belonging to Central Fluminense Conservation Units Mosaic: Guapia?? Ecological Reserve (REGUA), Tr?s Picos State Park (PETP) and Serra dos ?rg?os National Park (PARNASO). Periodic collections in the study areas were made using methods of fixed installments and traversal, traversing up primary and secondary trails. In 11 altitudinal allotments distributed between 0-2000 m, were performed a 290 m transect per allotment, following the level curve, where 15 plots of 10 x 10 m were placed, totaling 165 plots placed and 1,65 ha sampled. Moreover, fields located above altitude of 2,100 m were also exploited for a better sampling of the species. The collected material was herborized and identified in laboratory using morphological analysis of vegetative and reproductive parts, subsequently deposited in the RBR Herbarium, with duplicates in RB. Species richness of Melastomataceae raised for the studied area is represented by 152 species belonging to 22 genera. Eight species are cited as vulnerable on the list of endangered species for the city of Rio de Janeiro, one species (Bertolonia leuzeana (Bonpl.) Cogn.) is considered Endangered on the Red Book of Brazil?s Flora and 22 endemic species of Rio de Janeiro are with some degree of threat, by the evaluation of the National Center for Conservation of Flora-CNCFlora. In all altitudinal installments Melastomataceae species were collected, with the highest richness being registered in the 1000m altitudinal installment (57 spp.). The species' altitudinal distribution curve presented a pattern shaped like a ?hump?. REGUA, PETP and PARNASO are located in a region with the largest forest remnants preserved from state of Rio de Janeiro and, because they are legally protected, they have high biological diversity under custody. Despite that in all altitudinal installments Melastomataceae species were collected, it is possible that with increased sampling effort in areas not yet visited or little explored, the number of species of Melastomataceae cited for localities may increase as well as the registration of new species and/or occurrences / Ao longo das ?ltimas d?cadas, v?rios autores t?m procurado explicar os padr?es de distribui??o altitudinal e os fatores que influenciam na distribui??o das esp?cies ao longo dos gradientes de eleva??o. Em geral, os estudos apontam que a curva de distribui??o da riqueza possui o formato de ?corcova?, com as altitudes intermedi?rias apresentando os maiores valores de diversidade. Poucos s?o os que relacionam as Melastomataceae com gradiente de eleva??o e nenhum aborda a distribui??o da fam?lia no Brasil e, consequentemente, na Floresta Atl?ntica. O presente estudo teve dois objetivos principais: (a) ampliar o conhecimento sobre a diversidade taxon?mica das Melastomataceae na ?rea de estudo, fornecendo uma chave de identifica??o para os g?neros, descri??es e avaliando a riqueza e peculiaridades dos t?xons, bem como o estado de conserva??o das esp?cies (Cap?tulo I); e (b) analisar o padr?o de distribui??o da diversidade das Melastomataceae ao longo da varia??o altitudinal de um trecho florestal da Serra dos ?rg?os, na Regi?o Serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro (Cap?tulo II). Realizou-se o levantamento flor?stico em Unidades de Conserva??o cont?guas, pertencentes ao Mosaico de Unidades de Conserva??o Central Fluminense: Reserva Ecol?gica de Guapia?? (REGUA), Parque Estadual dos Tr?s Picos (PETP) e Parque Nacional da Serra dos ?rg?os (PARNASO). Realizaram-se coletas de campo peri?dicas na ?rea de estudo, por m?todos de parcelas fixas e do caminhamento, percorrendo-se trilhas prim?rias e secund?rias. Em 11 cotas altitudinais, distribu?das entre 0-2000 m de altitude, efetuou-se uma transec??o de 290 m por cota, acompanhando-se a curva de n?vel, onde foram alocadas 15 parcelas de 10 x 10 m, totalizando 165 parcelas alocadas e 1,65 ha amostrados. Al?m disso, os Campos de Altitude localizados acima de 2100 m tamb?m foram explorados, para uma melhor amostragem das esp?cies. O material coletado foi herborizado e identificado em laborat?rio atrav?s de an?lise morfol?gica das partes vegetativas e reprodutivas, sendo posteriormente depositado no Herb?rio RBR, com duplicata no RB. A riqueza de esp?cies de Melastomataceae levantada para a ?rea de estudo est? representada por 152 esp?cies pertencentes a 22 g?neros. Oito esp?cies s?o citadas como vulner?vel na lista das esp?cies amea?adas de extin??o para o munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro, uma esp?cie (Bertolonia leuzeana (Bonpl.) Cogn.) ? citada como Em Perigo, no Livro Vermelho da Flora do Brasil e 22 esp?cies end?micas do Rio de Janeiro encontram-se com algum grau de amea?a, pela avalia??o do Centro Nacional de Conserva??o da Flora - CNCFlora. Em todas as cotas altitudinais foram coletadas esp?cies de Melastomataceae, sendo a maior riqueza registrada na cota 1000 m altitude (57 spp). A curva de distribui??o altitudinal das esp?cies apresentou o padr?o em forma de "corcova". A REGUA, o PETP e o PARNASO est?o localizados numa regi?o que apresenta os maiores remanescentes florestais conservados do estado fluminense e, por serem legalmente protegidos, tem sob a guarda elevada diversidade biol?gica. Apesar de em todas as cotas altitudinais terem sido coletadas esp?cies de Melastomataceae, ? poss?vel que com o aumento do esfor?o amostral em ?reas ainda n?o visitadas, de dif?cil acesso e/ou pouco exploradas, o n?mero de esp?cies seja ampliado, bem como o registro de novas esp?cies e/ou ocorr?ncias.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-26T12:52:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - William Douglas de Carvalho.pdf: 2195014 bytes, checksum: b6deab05010b9d498b671e9f59a39141 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T12:52:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - William Douglas de Carvalho.pdf: 2195014 bytes, checksum: b6deab05010b9d498b671e9f59a39141 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Many world hotspots for conservation are located in mountains, which are considered priority areas for preservation of plants and vertebrates species. Species that occur in these locations have functional traits that favor the colonization of forests in high areas. Furthermore, we know little about the biology of these species along elevational gradients, for example, reproductive rate. Thus, the objectives of this thesis were divided into two sections, namely: (1) verify how the species and the different Phyllostomidae guilds vary in richness along an altitudinal gradient and identify the functional traits that facilitate the colonization of forests in high areas, and (2) determine if the reproductive rate of fruit bats Phyllostomidae varies locally and if this variation can be explained by local responses to variations in the abundance of resources. For this, we compiled studies in the Atlantic Forest of southern and southeastern Brazil through database (Capes bank of thesis; Scielo; Web of Science), journals and the database of Laborat?rio de Diversidade de Morcegos (LADIM) of Instituto de Biologia of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). After the selection of 35 different species of Phyllostomidae bats of 45 different locations, where the altitude varies between 60 and 2.450 m.a.s.l., 10 functional traits for each species were selected: trophic guild (GT), trophic level (NT), relative wing load (CRA), aspect ratio (AA), degree requirement forest habitat (GEHF), using natural cavities (UCN), southern latitudinal limit (LLS), body mass (MC), forearm size (TA) and body size (TC). The selected functional traits were related to an altitudinal index, calculated for each species, and those with greater correlation were chosen to be the best model to describe and determine the main functional traits that lead the species to colonize forests in high areas. Furthermore, we considered species with over 300 captures (Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium e Artibeus spp.) to verify the effect of altitude on their reproductive rate. We found that there was a decline in the abundance and richness of Phyllostomidae species in high altitudes, with a decline in the abundance of fruit bats and increase of hematophagous species. The nectarivorous bats, gleaners and omnivore bats were not affected by altitude. The results also indicated that the forest habitat requirements degree was the main functional trait that leads the species to colonize forests in high areas, and the use of natural cavities and southern latitudinal limit could be relevant to colonize. All bat species had a higher reproductive rate in months of major rainfall (October to March). Sturnira lilium was the species that has the highest reproductive rate in high altitudes, which coincides with the area where there is a greater wealth and abundance of Solanum sp. Artibeus sp. had a higher reproductive rate in medium and low altitudes, where there is a greater richness of Ficus species and Carollia perspicillata showed no altitudinal preference for reproduction. At the areas with larger bat abundance, more reproducing females were observed, as these sites appear to have a higher amount of resources. The conservation of the whole altitudinal gradient with the possible implementation of conservation units is necessary, because bat species occur in greater abundance at different altitudes and reproduce at different altitudes. / Em ?reas montanhosas localizam-se muitos hotspots mundiais para conserva??o, sendo que esses locais s?o considerados ?reas priorit?rias para preserva??o de esp?cies de plantas e vertebrados. Esp?cies que ocorrem nesses locais possuem tra?os funcionais que propiciam a coloniza??o de florestas em ?reas elevadas. Al?m disso, pouco ? conhecido sobre a biologia dessas esp?cies em gradientes altitudinais, como por exemplo sua taxa reprodutiva. Sendo assim, os objetivos da presente tese foram divididos em dois cap?tulos, sendo eles: (1) verificar como as esp?cies e as diferentes guildas de Phyllostomidae variam ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal e identificar que tra?os funcionais facilitam a coloniza??o de florestas em ?reas elevadas e (2) determinar se a taxa reprodutiva de morcegos Phyllostomidae frug?voros varia localmente e se esta varia??o pode ser explicada pelas respostas locais ? varia??o na abund?ncia de recursos. Para isto, compilamos estudos realizados na Floresta Atl?ntica do sul e sudeste do Brasil atrav?s de banco de dados (banco de teses da CAPES; Scielo; Web of Science), revistas especializadas, e do banco de dados do Laborat?rio de Diversidade de Morcegos (LADIM) do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Ap?s a sele??o de 35 diferentes esp?cies de morcegos Phyllostomidae de 45 diferentes localidades, onde a altitude variou entre 60 e 2.450 m de altitude, selecionamos 10 tra?os funcionais para cada esp?cie: guilda tr?fica (GT), n?vel tr?fico (NT), carga relativa da asa (CRA), aspecto da asa (AA), grau de exig?ncia de habitat florestal (GEHF), utiliza??o de cavidades naturais (UCN), limite latitudinal sul (LLS), massa corporal (MC), tamanho do antebra?o (TA) e tamanho corporal (TC). Os tra?os funcionais selecionados foram relacionados com um ?ndice altitudinal, representando a altitude em que a esp?cie ? mais abundante, e aqueles tra?os funcionais que apresentaram maior correla??o foram submetidos a escolha de melhor modelo para descrever quais foram os principais tra?os funcionais que levam as esp?cies a colonizarem florestas em ?reas elevadas. Al?m disso, consideramos as esp?cies com mais de 300 capturas (Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium e Artibeus spp.) para verificar o efeito da altitude sobre sua taxa reprodutiva, relacionando a propor??o de animais em reprodu??o com a altitude. Encontramos uma queda na abund?ncia e riqueza de esp?cies de Phyllostomidae em altitudes elevadas, com queda na abund?ncia de frug?voros e aumento de esp?cies de h?bitos hemat?fagos. As guildas de nectar?voros, catadores e on?voros n?o foram influenciadas pela altitude. Nossos resultados tamb?m indicaram que o grau de exig?ncia de habitat florestal foi o principal tra?o funcional que leva as esp?cies a colonizarem florestas em ?reas elevadas, sendo que a utiliza??o de cavidades naturais e o limite latitudinal sul tamb?m podem ser relevantes para a coloniza??o. Todas as esp?cies de morcegos apresentaram maior taxa reprodutiva nos meses em que historicamente ocorrem maiores precipita??es (de outubro a mar?o). Sturnira lilium foi a esp?cie que apresentou maior taxa reprodutiva em altitudes elevadas, sendo esta taxa coincidente com a ?rea onde h? maior riqueza e abund?ncia de Solanum sp. Artibeus sp. apresentou maior taxa reprodutiva em m?dias e baixas altitudes, locais onde h? maior riqueza de esp?cies de Ficus e Carollia perspicillata n?o apresentou prefer?ncia altitudinal para a reprodu??o. Naquelas localidades onde a abund?ncia de morcegos foi maior, mais f?meas estavam reproduzindo-se, sendo que estes locais parecem ter maiores quantidades de recursos. Mostra-se necess?rio a conserva??o de todo o gradiente altitudinal com a poss?vel implanta??o de unidades de conserva??o, pois determinadas esp?cies de morcegos ocorrem em maior abund?ncia em altitudes diferentes, al?m de se reproduzirem em altitudes diferentes

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-07-31T21:39:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final_Fernando Flores.pdf: 2552427 bytes, checksum: 56e64e9a4e8e38fa82bdf2d85f521c8b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-31T21:39:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Final_Fernando Flores.pdf: 2552427 bytes, checksum: 56e64e9a4e8e38fa82bdf2d85f521c8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Mixed flocks of birds are clusters of two or more species whose formation and cohesion depend on behavioral interactions among members. This study investigated the specific composition of mixed flocks in the Atlantic Forest area of Bahia, Brazil, considering the seasonal dynamics of flocks, the vertical distribution of their species, and the determination of species-nucleus, which are responsible for attracting and maintaining the cohesionof other species flocks. From August 2012 to August 2013, monthly expeditions of five days were conducted at the region of the Ecopolo I,in Pratigi Environmental Protection Area (Ibirapitanga, Bahia).The following data were recorded for each mixed-flock contacted: the specific composition, the number of individuals of each species and, when it was possible, the height of foraging, the occurrence of agonistic interactions, estimated intensity of movement and vocalization for each species. Furthermore, the contacts of mixed-flocks component species were recorded when they were seen out of the flocks, observing the foraging height and evidences of reproductive behavior.Was registered 113 contacts with mixed flocks, with a total of 51 species of birds, representing about 30% of the species recorded in the study area.In flocks, the most representative families were Thraupidae and Thamnophilidae - counting this one with two endangered species. Mixed flocks occurred throughout the whole year, being more frequent in August and less frequent from September to April.Due to the constantly rainfall throughoutyear in the study area, there was no correlation between frequency, richness and size of flocks with the monthly pluviosity. There was a negative correlation with the frequency of flocks and temperature. The richness and the size of flocks did not correlate with the temperature.The average richness in flocks was 5,1 ? 2,6 species, and the average size of 5 ? 5,2, individuals, these two variables were correlated positively (r = 0.81, p = <0.0001). The richness was different between the vegetation strato, being the understory flocks richer than the ones in canopy. However, in relation to size of individual numbers, the understory and canopy flocks didn?t present significant difference, because the canopy flocks were composed by a great number of Thraupidaespecies, that happened in large intraspecific group. Inside or outside of mixed flocks, all species foraged in the same height range of vegetation.Among the five most frequent flocks species, three were considered to be species-nucleus(Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus, Lanio cristatusandMyrmotherula urosticta),presenting a higher degree of associations between all species, and capable of recruiting more species for flocks when they took place; flocks where these species-nucleus occurred were richer, indicating that, when put together, these species increased the ability to recruit other species. / Bandos mistos de aves s?o agrupamentos de duas ou mais esp?cies cuja forma??o e coes?o se devema intera??es comportamentais entre seus integrantes. Este estudo investigou a composi??o espec?fica dos bandos mistos em uma ?rea de Mata Atl?ntica da Bahia, considerando a din?mica sazonal dos bandos, a distribui??o vertical de suas esp?cies e a determina??o das esp?cies-n?cleo, que s?o as respons?veis por atrair e manter coesas as demais esp?cies nos bandos. Foram realizadas, de agosto de 2012 a agosto de 2013, expedi??es mensais de cinco dias para a regi?o do Ecopolo I da ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental do Pratigi (Ibirapitanga, Bahia), quando eram registrados os dados de cada bando misto contatado: composi??o espec?fica, n?mero de indiv?duos de cada esp?cie e, sempre que poss?vel, a altura de forrageamento, a ocorr?ncia de agonismos e intensidades estimadas de movimenta??o e vocaliza??o de cada esp?cie; al?m disto, eram registrados os contatos com as esp?cies participantes de bandos mistos quando vistas fora destes, sendo observadas suas alturas de forrageio e evid?ncias de comportamentos reprodutivos. Foram feitos 113 contatos com bandos mistos, dos quais 51 esp?cies de aves, que representam cerca de 30% das esp?cies registradas na ?rea de estudo, participaram. Nos bandos, as fam?lias mais representadas foram Thraupidae e Thamnophilidae ? dentre esta ?ltima, duas esp?cies amea?adas de extin??o. Os bandos mistos ocorreram durante o ano todo, sendo mais frequentes no m?s de agosto e menos frequentes nos meses de setembro a abril. Devido ? ocorr?ncia de chuvas ao longo do ano todo na ?rea de estudo, n?o houve correla??o entre frequ?ncia, riqueza e tamanho dos bandos com a pluviosidade mensal; houve correla??o negativa entre a frequ?ncia dos bandos e a temperatura, n?o havendo correla??o da temperatura com riqueza e tamanho dos bandos. A riqueza m?dia nos bandos foi 5,1? 2,6esp?cies e o tamanho m?dio de,5 ? 5,2, indiv?duos, sendo estas duas vari?veis correlacionadas positivamente(r = 0,81; p = < 0,0001). Houve diferen?a na riqueza entre os estratos da vegeta??o, sendo que no sub-bosque os bandos eram mais ricos que os de dossel. No entanto, quanto ao tamanho, em n?mero de indiv?duos, os bandos de sub-bosque e dossel n?o apresentaram diferen?a significativa, pois os bandos de dossel eram compostos por um grande n?mero de esp?cies de traup?deos que ocorriam em grupos intraespec?ficos grandes. Dentro ou fora dos bandos mistos, todas as esp?cies forrageavam na mesma faixa de altura da vegeta??o. Das cinco esp?cies mais frequentes nos bandos, tr?s foram consideradas como esp?cies-n?cleo (Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus, Lanio cristatus e Myrmotherula urosticta), apresentando um maior grau de associa??es entre todas as esp?cies e capazes de arregimentar mais esp?cies para os bandos onde ocorriam; os bandos onde estas esp?cies-n?cleo ocorriam eram mais ricos, indicando que, quando juntas, estas esp?cies aumentavam a capacidade de arregimentar outras esp?cies.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-08-05T23:11:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Aline G?es.pdf: 1583356 bytes, checksum: 25f6a13a73abce0f5006e99d3dcf5038 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-05T23:11:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Aline G?es.pdf: 1583356 bytes, checksum: 25f6a13a73abce0f5006e99d3dcf5038 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Studies on hummingbird/plant interactions in the Atlantic Forest have been providing major data on ornithophilous plants and on the role of these birds as pollen vectors and maintainers of plant communities. The aim of this study was to investigate a plant community used by hummingbirds, in order to recognize flowering phenological patterns and to identify pollen loads transported by visiting trochilidae. Fieldwork was performed from April 2009 to August 2011 in the understory of an Atlantic Forest area within Michelin Ecological Reserve, in Igrapi?na municipality, Bahia State. We identified hummingbirds from focal observations in flowering plants, recording their foraging strategies and the local of pollen deposition in their bodies. Data on morphology and floral biology were recorded for plants visited by hummingbirds, such as the number of flowers and buds monthly produced and if the plant was ornithophilous or not. Pollen attached to the beak, head, throat and chest of captured hummingbirds was removed, identified and counted in laboratory. About 18 plant species, most of them ornithophilous (83%), were visited by 13 hummingbird species, with Phaethornis ruber being the most frequent pollen vector. The plant community showed a continuous flowering, with sequential flowering peaks during the studied period. Sixteen pollen types and eight hummingbird species were recorded, with the beak being the main area for pollen deposition (58%), followed by the head (30%), throat (11%) and chest (1%). Differences on the local of pollen deposition on birds reduce the chance of mixing pollen from different species, allowing their coexistence by the sharing of the same pollen vector. Continuous flowering within the plant community assure the presence of their pollinators in the area, avoiding population dislocation towards floral resources. A high investment on floral morphology specialization allows a great deposition of pollen grains over a safe place on the body of the hummingbirds, maximizing plant reproductive success. / Os estudos sobre intera??es planta/beija-flor em Mata Atl?ntica t?m fornecido informa??es importantes sobre plantas ornit?filas e o uso de beija-flores como vetores de p?len e o papel destas aves na manuten??o de comunidades vegetais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a comunidade vegetal utilizada por beija-flores, conhecer o padr?o fenol?gico de flora??o da comunidade al?m de identificar a carga pol?nica transportada pelos troquil?deos visitantes. O estudo foi realizado de abril de 2009 a agosto de 2011, no sub-bosque de uma ?rea de Mata Atl?ntica na Reserva Ecol?gica da Michelin, Igrapi?na, Bahia. Os beija-flores foram identificados a partir de observa??es focais em plantas floridas, registrando suas estrat?gias de forrageio e o local de deposi??o de p?len no corpo das aves. Das plantas visitadas pelos beija-flores, foram registrados dados sobre morfologia e biologia floral, sendo classificadas como ornit?fila ou n?o ornit?fila, e o n?mero de flores e bot?es produzidos mensalmente. Dos beija-flores capturados, foi removido o p?len impregnado em seu bico, cabe?a, garganta e peito. Os tipos pol?nicos foram identificados e contabilizados em laborat?rio. Foram registradas dezoito esp?cies de plantas, a maioria ornit?fila (83%), sendo visitadas por beija-flores. Treze esp?cies de beija-flores visitaram as plantas, sendo Phaethornis ruber o vetor de p?len mais frequente. Durante o per?odo de estudo, a comunidade vegetal apresentou flora??o cont?nua com picos de flora??o sequenciais. Dezesseis tipos pol?nicos foram identificados em oito esp?cies de beija-flores capturadas, sendo o bico o principal local de deposi??o de p?len (58%), seguido da cabe?a (30%), garganta (11%) e peito (1%). Diverg?ncias no local de deposi??o de p?len no corpo das aves reduz a probabilidade de mistura de p?len heteroespec?fico, permitindo a coexist?ncia de plantas que se beneficiam da partilha de polinizadores. A flora??o cont?nua da comunidade garante a presen?a de seus polinizadores na ?rea, evitando deslocamentos populacionais em busca de recurso. O alto investimento na morfologia floral especializada proporciona a deposi??o de grande quantidade de gr?os de p?len em local seguro do corpo da ave, maximizando o sucesso reprodutivo vegetal.