Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marisa Claudia Feital da Silva.pdf: 929604 bytes, checksum: 859e23b0a71b090d177d241323705067 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this work, was to verify how the AAC can affect the life of two adults with a non articulated speech, due to the cerebral palsy, on both, considering the fact that they are living as internals in an Institution. It was chosen as method the case study with observation evolved by a six months period of time. It has been made reports and pictures (movies) during the sessions of speech therapy, with the two patients. Along with the sessions, it was made by the therapist and the two patients, low technology boards using P.C.S. (Picture Communication Symbols). During that same period of time, the therapist too has been included as an observer in the institute routine, on the purpose to acquire data, about the overall environment. It was followed and reported the effect over the lives of the two patients due to the interaction, provided by the P.C.S. system application, from the point of view of their subjectivities, and daily routine of life. Therefore as a result the data showed that from the beginning of the use of low technology boards construction process, the two patients have developed conditions that contributed for their autonomy with regards to their people. Their new behavior were noticed inside the institution and an unfamiliar feeling was observed. By the analysis of the data acquired, the Institution people arrived to the conclusion that the work was good for the patient s subjectivities, with an overall positive effect on their behavior. So they started to be noticed and respected in the Institution / O Objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o impacto que a Comunicação Suplementar e/ou Alternativa pode ter na vida de dois adultos, sem fala oralmente articulada, portadores de Paralisia Cerebral, que se encontram internos em uma instituição. O Método utilizado foi de estudo de caso envolvendo observação. Por um período de seis meses, filmou - se e registrou -se, por escrito, as sessões de fonoaudiologia com dois sujeitos, nas quais se construíram pranchas de comunicação de baixa tecnologia, usando o Sistema Picture Communication Symbols (P.C.S.). Durante o mesmo período a pesquisadora também permaneceu como observadora da rotina da instituição, a fim de obter dados sobre o contexto. Foram observados os efeitos da interação com o uso do P.C.S. na vida desses sujeitos, do ponto de vista de suas subjetividades e de sua vivência no cotidiano da instituição. Como resultado, os dados mostraram que, a partir do processo de construção das pranchas, os sujeitos geraram condições para se colocarem de forma mais autônoma perante os outros, o que provocou uma sensação de "estranhamento" na instituição. Concluiu-se que o trabalho teve efeito positivo para a subjetividade dos participantes, visto que começaram a ser olhados e respeitados como sujeitos dentro da instituição

The purpose of this essay was to determine whether signs as alternative and augmentative communication is one possible resource for children’s language development. Based on my research questions How educators perceive the importance of SAAC as possible resources to enhance children's communication?, For which children is SAAC used? and How does educators perceive child’s best in communicative interactions? have I interviewed six educators in two different kinds of municipalities with different kind of positions. In my background I lift the importance of communication for the human being, what happens to the children who doesn’t get stimulated to their language and child’s best. My literature has shown that children need to have an incentive to acquire a language and that SAAC is mainly created for children with special needs. Children’s right to make themselves heard is taken from the UN children convention and article 3 – child’s best. What my result has shown is that the educators sees SAAC as one possible resource to enhance children’s language development but it is also important to see things from different kind of angles. This contributes to the importance of child’s best in communicative interactions. / Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka om tecken som alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation är en möjlig resurs för barns språkutveckling. Utifrån frågeställningen Hur upplever pedagoger betydelsen av TAKK som möjlig resurs till att stärka barns kommunicerande?, För vilka barn används TAKK? och Hur uppfattar pedagoger barns bästa inom kommunikativa samspel? har jag intervjuat sex pedagoger i två olika kommuner med olika befattningar. I bakgrunden lyfter jag upp kommunikationens betydelse för människan, vad som händer med barn som inte stimuleras till sitt språk samt barnets bästa. Min litteratur har visat att barn behöver ha stimulans för att tillägna sig ett språk och att TAKK främst skapats för barn med särskilda behov. Barns rätt att kunna göra sig hörda är som taget ur FN:s barnkonvention och artikel 3 – barnets bästa. Vad mitt resultat visat är att pedagogerna ser TAKK som en möjlig resurs att stärka barns språkutveckling men att det också är viktigt att kunna se saker ur olika perspektiv. Detta bidrar till betydelsen av barnets bästa inom kommunikativa samtal.

This work presents an investigation of the way physiotherapists perform their communication with subjects with chronic non-progressive encephalopathy (CNPE) having restricted or absent speech. For this purpose, we interviewed twelve physiotherapists about non-verbal communication and then we interviewed the five physiotherapists who knew and used the alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) in therapy about the use of this resource. After the initial reading of the narratives, we noticed that all the physiotherapists consider non-verbal communication important and perform it, mainly through reading facial and body expressions. Concerning the use of AAC, the five professionals of the sample emphasized the importance of this resource, although only one of them makes use of it routinely. We conclude that the physiotherapists strive to invest in non-verbal communication and/or AAC with CNPE subjects who present restricted or absent speech and that such an investment improves the hospitalization outcomes and the interaction between the subjects and the professionals who treat them. However, the theoretical and practical learning of non-verbal communication and ACC seems flawed and inadequate in physiotherapy undergraduate course. This fact can be considered one of the causes of the poor use of non-verbal communication as well as one of the causes of the lack of knowledge or of the non-routine use of AAC in therapy. The results suggest the need to overcome the purely biomedical model in the formation of the physiotherapist and to adopt some training that seeks to humanize and promote quality in physical therapy services. / Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação sobre a forma de comunicação que o fisioterapeuta efetua durante a sessão com o sujeito com Encefalopatia Crônica Não Progressiva (ECNP) com oralidade restrita ou ausente. Para tal meta, foram realizadas entrevistas com doze fisioterapeutas sobre a comunicação não verbal e, a seguir, sobre o uso da Comunicação Aumentativa Alternativa (CAA) na terapia com cinco fisioterapeutas que conheciam e utilizaram esse recurso. Após a leitura inicial da coletânea das narrativas, verificou-se que todos os fisioterapeutas consideram importante e realizam a comunicação não verbal, principalmente por meio da leitura de expressões corporais e faciais. Quanto ao uso da CAA, os cinco fisioterapeutas do grupo amostral ressaltaram a importância desse recurso, embora somente um desses o utilize rotineiramente. Conclui-se que os fisioterapeutas procuram investir em uma comunicação não verbal e/ou CAA com o sujeito com ECNP que apresenta oralização restrita ou ausente e que tal investimento produz melhoras na interação e no vínculo com o sujeito em tratamento. Todavia, o aprendizado teórico e prático, tanto da comunicação não verbal quanto da CAA, apresenta-se falho e insuficiente na graduação de Fisioterapia. Esse fato pode ser considerado como uma das causas do investimento precário na comunicação não verbal, assim como do desconhecimento ou do uso não rotineiro da CAA na terapia. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de ultrapassar o modelo exclusivamente biomédico na formação do fisioterapeuta e de adotar uma formação que busque a humanização e a promoção de qualidade no atendimento fisioterápico.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:43:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCCFW.pdf: 1205337 bytes, checksum: 01d8f2513ae647371800d42cc3168270 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-10 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Considering the communication deficit and the behavior desorder as a symptom present in autism, it would be logic to rationalize that these factors are all interconnected. The literature has been showing that families, that have a familiar with autism, have difficulties using the methods of Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) with people with severe communication deficit. Therefore, the objective of this study was to apply and to analyze the effect of an AAC program in the context of a family that has a member with autism. The program named ProCAAF, was applied according to the real necessities of the families to establish an effective communication among their children according to the necessities presente in the family context. The study analyzed the effects of the the AAC application and recorded the communication behavior changes within family members and their children. There were 3 participants in this study: (Pfs), representing mothers and their respective children. (Pas), representing students diagnosed with autism with no verbal communication or functional speech. A multiple probe design accross the Pfs and Pas was employed to verify the the effects of the ProCAAF program and envolved two phases: baseline and intervention. The Pfs performance in the application of the AAC in the family context, was the independent variable of the study and the Pas performance in the utilization of CAA in the family context was the dependent variable. The quantitative data was analyzed through the level of support received from the Pfs during the application of the AAC offered by the researcher and by the performance of the Pfs soliciting their needs and desires utilizing the AAC. The results showed that the Pfs learned how to apply the AAC in the family context and achieved the communication priorities determined previously. Furthermore, significant changes in the communication behavior from the Pas occurred in relation to the request of the items non-present inside the houses and the expression of their feelings such as: pain and homesickness. The qualitative data was analyzed from the answers, which were obtained from a questionnaire applied pre and pos intervention period indicating significant change in relation to the communication ability of the Pas, such as: a reduction of the non desired behavior, clarity in communicative situations, increases in the communicative act. One of the Pas, was able to emit words with communicative function. The study concluded that the use of AAC in a family context corroborated to the benefits in the interpersonal relation with people with autism and it suggested new research and extension of the program in a different context. / Ao considerar o déficit de comunicação e o distúrbio de conduta como sintoma presente e marcante no quadro de autismo, seria lógico raciocinar que estes estão, na maioria das vezes, relacionados entre si. A literatura vem relatando dificuldades por parte das famílias de pessoas com autismo em utilizarem programas de Comunicação Alternativa e Ampliada (CAA) no contexto familiar, devido a difícil aplicação e uso de formas alternativas de comunicação com pessoas com déficit severo de comunicação. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi de aplicar e analisar os efeitos de um programa de CAA no contexto familiar de pessoas com autismo. O programa, denominado ProCAAF, foi aplicado mediante a real necessidade dos familiares em estabelecer comunicação eficaz com seus filhos, mediante as necessidades apresentadas no contexto familiar. O estudo analisou os efeitos da aplicação da CAA e registrou as modificações ocorridas no comportamento comunicativo dos familiares com seus filhos. Fizeram parte do estudo 6 participantes, sendo 3 participantes familiares (Pfs), representado pelas mães e seus respectivos filhos, denominados de participantes alunos (Pas), com diagnóstico de autismo, não-verbal e/ou fala não funcional. Para verificar os efeitos do ProCAAF, foi empregado um delineamento de múltiplas sondagens entre os Pfs e Pas, que envolveu duas fases: linha de base e intervenção. O desempenho dos Pas, em utilizar a CAA no contexto familiar, constituiu a variável dependente, mediante a atuação das Pfs, por meio da CAA. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados mediante os níveis de apoio recebido pelas Pfs, na aplicação da CAA, oferecidos pela pesquisadora e o desempenho dos Pas, em solicitarem seus desejos e necessidades às Pfs. Os resultados demonstraram que as Pfs aprenderam a utilizar a CAA no contexto familiar, conseguindo suprir algumas das prioridades comunicativas determinadas previamente. Assim como, ocorreram mudanças significativas no comportamento comunicativo dos Pas em relação à solicitação de itens não presentes nas casas e expressão de sentimentos, como: dor e saudade. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados mediante as respostas obtidas em questionário aplicado em período anterior e posterior a intervenção, demonstrando significativa mudança em relação à competência comunicativa dos Pas, como: diminuição de comportamentos indesejados, clareza nas situações comunicativas e aumento nos atos comunicativo. Um dos Pas passou a emitir vocábulos com função comunicativa. O estudo concluiu que o uso da CAA no contexto familiar corroborou os benefícios na relação interpessoal de pessoas com autismo e também sugeriu novas investigações e ampliação do programa em outros contextos. Palavras-Chaves: autismo infantil, comunicação alternativa e ampliada, programa familiar, intervenção em linguagem.

The thesis deals with communication abilities of pupils attending special elementary school. The theoretical part summarizes the general knowledge of communication, the development of speech in the healthy population and impaired communication abilities. It also deals with the description, the etiology and symptoms of mental disability, Down syndrome and combined disabilities, especially cerebral palsy. The final part summarizes knowledge of augmentative and alternative communication used for patients with severely impaired communication skills. The practical part consists of the interpretation of the results of the research, dealing with the analysis of the communication skills of pupils from special elementary school, especially comparisons of evaluations of this communication by family members and professionals who work with the specific person. The result of the research is the fact that the communication skills of students from special elementary schools are very individual and family assessment and key worker may not coincide. It always depends on the type of disability, support of families and professionals as well as the personality traits of the individual. In any event, there has to be a good cooperation between family and professionals that helps to set up communication development to...

The thesis deals with the communication development in deaf children after cochlear implantation, which have at the same time diagnosed autism spectrum disorder. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters. First two chapters deal with specifics of hearing impairment, or rather autism spectrum disorder, and its effects on the overall development of the child with an emphasis on communication ability. There are briefly introduced the classification of hearing impairments and compensation aids related to the topic of the work - hearing aids and cochlear implants. There is also space devoted to the characteristics of particular autism spectrum disorders. The third chapter describes the most common communication systems or aids used by persons with hearing disabilities, more precisely with the autism spectrum disorder, and the possibility of communication of people with a combination of these two disabilities. The practical part of the thesis is devoted to qualitative research, which main objective was to find out how obtaining a cochlear implant may influence the development of communication of a deaf child with autism spectrum disorder. As part of the research, interviews with parents of these children were conducted. These interviews were supplemented by open-ended questionnaires addressed...

The purpose of the thesis was to find out teachers' perception of the phenomenon of alternative and complementary communication (AAC) and how AAC enables pupils to develop their communicative and linguistic abilities. The study has a qualitative approach and it is based on a phenomenographic research approach and a socio-cultural perspective. The empirical data collection was done through interviews with eight teachers. The teachers work at or have experience of special needs schools for pupils with intellectual disability and pupils who lack verbal communication.  To analyze the material, thematic analysis was used. Through the interviews, it emerged from the teachers' statements that the phenomenon of AAC supports pupils who lack verbal communication to learning and social interactions. This, in turn, enables participation and independence. Based on the analysis of the results, four levels of description categories of AAC were made visible. Description category one is the most basic level and description category four the most advanced. Based on the results of the study, it is made visible that students should be offered communicative and linguistic development through the support of individualized AAC, practiced on their communicative and linguistic abilities based on the proximal development zone. It emerged from the result that categories one and two do not develop students' linguistic abilities in a qualified way, since within these categories of description, communication consists primarily of one-word sentences and does not contain grammar, word classes or sentence structures. Under category one you find AAC methods where students are offered communication through single images and objects.  Categories three and four include communication tools that contain linguistic development possibilities, such as alphabets, text, written language and speech synthesis that enable multi-word sentences. Based on the informants' statements, the need for AAC methods that develop the students' linguistic abilities is made visible. It also emerged that the collaboration with habilitation and speech therapists was a crucial factor in being able to offer students communication tools from categories three and four.

Objective: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aimed at restoring communication to people with severe neuromuscular disabilities often use event-related potentials (ERPs) in scalp-recorded EEG activity. Up to the present, most research and development in this area has been done in the laboratory with young healthy control subjects. In order to facilitate the development of BCI most useful to people with disabilities, the present study set out to: (1) determine whether people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and healthy, age-matched volunteers (HVs) differ in the speed and accuracy of their ERP-based BCI use; (2) compare the ERP characteristics of these two groups; and (3) identify ERP-related factors that might enable improvement in BCI performance for people with disabilities. Methods: Sixteen EEG channels were recorded while people with ALS or healthy age-matched volunteers (HVs) used a P300-based BCI. The subjects with ALS had little or no remaining useful motor control (mean ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised 9.4 (±9.5SD) (range 0-25)). Each subject attended to a target item as the items in a 6. ×. 6 visual matrix flashed. The BCI used a stepwise linear discriminant function (SWLDA) to determine the item the user wished to select (i.e., the target item). Offline analyses assessed the latencies, amplitudes, and locations of ERPs to the target and non-target items for people with ALS and age-matched control subjects. Results: BCI accuracy and communication rate did not differ significantly between ALS users and HVs. Although ERP morphology was similar for the two groups, their target ERPs differed significantly in the location and amplitude of the late positivity (P300), the amplitude of the early negativity (N200), and the latency of the late negativity (LN). Conclusions: The differences in target ERP components between people with ALS and age-matched HVs are consistent with the growing recognition that ALS may affect cortical function. The development of BCIs for use by this population may begin with studies in HVs but also needs to include studies in people with ALS. Their differences in ERP components may affect the selection of electrode montages, and might also affect the selection of presentation parameters (e.g., matrix design, stimulation rate). Significance: P300-based BCI performance in people severely disabled by ALS is similar to that of age-matched control subjects. At the same time, their ERP components differ to some degree from those of controls. Attention to these differences could contribute to the development of BCIs useful to those with ALS and possibly to others with severe neuromuscular disabilities.

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka chefer för LSS-verksamheters erfarenheter av kompetens och kompetensutveckling gällande användandet av alternativ och kompletterande kommunikation på LSS-boenden och dagliga verksamheter. Studien har genomförts med semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in chefernas erfarenheter av de berörda verksamheterna. Med tematisk analys bearbetades sorterades och analyserades det empiriska materialet från intervjuerna. Resultat av studien visade att kompetens och kompetensutveckling i användandet av AKK var komplext och påverkades av flera faktorer. De viktigaste resultaten visade att de faktorer som möjliggjorde och utmanade arbetet var verksamhetens inriktning och brukarens förutsättningar, informellt- och kollegialt lärande, samt verksamhetens tillgång till resurser. / The purpose of this study has been to investigate the experiences of managers in LSS operations regarding competence and competence development in the use of alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) in LSS group homes and day-care centers. The study was conducted using semi-structured interviews to collect the managers’ experiences of the relevant operations. The empirical data from the interviews was processed, sorted and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study showed that competence and competence development in the use of AAC were complex and influenced by several factors. The most significant results showed that the factors enabling and challenging the work were the direction of the operations and the user’s conditions, informal and collegial learning, and the operations’ access to resources.