Women are drawing together the concepts of space, style,and medium and using these concepts collectively as a foundation for a new discursive tradition in the online autobiography. This dissertation, positioned in postmodern feminism, draws on a variety of disciplines to argue the development or evolution of a new women's discourse. While a broad base of material exists which acknowledges the presence of women's discourse (formed by combining women's writing and women's genres), very little information explores its evolution, particularly in/on the new medium of the World Wide Web (WWW). A combination of extant social and literary theories supports the idea that women are developing a new e-criture feminine via the online diary. Both the virtual medium and the historically female genre echo the very tenets of this new writing style: privacy, individuality, and a lack of (restraining) conventions. This dissertation will contextualize the phenomenon of women publishing online diaries in the poststructuralist ideologies of Woolf, DuPlessis, and Cixous. Following an explication of women's space, women's style, and women's medium, this dissertation will demonstrate that women successfully concatenate these concepts in their online journals, resulting in the creation of a new feminine discourse. The goal of this project is to provide readers with a theoretical explication of this new discursive tradition. Certainly, a number of critical and academic works exist which address the “gendering” of the written medium, the phenomenon of women publishing online, the importance of women developing their own voices. What is missing from academic dialogue, however, is the assertion that these individual elements unite to create a new discursive tradition that is at once literary and rhetorical. Using the work of Woolf, DuPlessis, and Cixous, this dissertation presents, explicates, and ties together these elements in an effort to introduce and theorize the significance of this new discursive tradition within the context of postmodern feminism/s. Ultimately, this dissertation seeks to demonstrate that women are experiencing the organic concatenation of the concepts of space (Woolf), style (DuPlessis), and medium (Cixous) as they relate to the Web in order to develop an important new women’s discursive tradition.

Vid MS och ALS förekommer depressioner i olika nyanser, vilket är viktigt för sjuksköterskan att fånga upp tidigt och ge den omvårdnad individen behöver samt att minska lidandet. För att detta skall kunna uppnås är det viktigt att den som är sjuk känner trygghet och tillit i sin relation till sjuksköterskan. Syftet med studien var att beskriva människors upplevelser av olika symtom i samband med depression som förekommer vid MS och ALS. För att fånga upp människors upplevelser av symtom i samband med depression användes en kvalitativ metod. Data samlades in genom åtta självbiografier som var skrivna på svenska av både kvinnor och män. En kvalitativ metod enligt Dahlberg användes för att tolka dessa data. Resultatet presenterades i varje sjukdom för sig i kategorier och underkategorier. Kategorier i MS var trötthet, förnekelse, skam, rädsla och tankar på döden. Kategorierna i ALS var, de gråter ut sin sorg, att tära på varandra, att behöva ta emot hjälp och tankar på döden. Resultatet visade skillnad i depressioner mellan dessa två sjukdomar. Vid MS är depressionerna djupare och längre då sjukdomen går i skov, medan det i ALS förändras från att vara djupa depressioner i samband med diagnos, till något positivt då de har kort tid kvar i livet. / When having MS and ALS there is also prevalence of depression of varying degree. This is important for the nurse to detect early in order to give the individual the right amount of care, to minimise suffering. In order to achieve this; it is important that the patient feels trust and security in the relation with the nurse. The aim of this study was to describe people's experiences of various symptoms associated with depression in MS and ALS, through the use of autobiographies. A qualitative method was used to gather the individual's experience of depression. Data was collected from eight autobiographies written in Swedish by both women and men. To interpret the data, a qualitative method, according to Dahlberg, was used. The results was separately for the two diseases, and was categorised and sub-categorised. The categories for MS were fatigue, denial, shame, fear and thoughts of death. The categories for ALS was, crying out grief, absume eachothers energy, help dependency and thoughts of death. The results showed differences in the state of depression between the two diseases. For MS, the depression goes deeper and for a longer duration, since the disease progresses in relapse. For ALS, the condition changes from deep depression when diagnosed to somewhat more positive when there are only little time left in life.

<p>Vid MS och ALS förekommer depressioner i olika nyanser, vilket är viktigt för</p><p>sjuksköterskan att fånga upp tidigt och ge den omvårdnad individen behöver samt att minska lidandet. För att detta skall kunna uppnås är det viktigt att den som är sjuk känner trygghet och tillit i sin relation till sjuksköterskan. Syftet med studien var att beskriva människors upplevelser av olika symtom i samband med depression som förekommer vid MS och ALS. För att fånga upp människors upplevelser av symtom i samband med depression användes en kvalitativ metod. Data samlades in genom åtta självbiografier som var skrivna på svenska av både kvinnor och män. En kvalitativ metod enligt Dahlberg användes för att tolka dessa data. Resultatet presenterades i varje sjukdom för sig i kategorier och underkategorier. Kategorier i MS var trötthet, förnekelse, skam, rädsla och tankar på döden. Kategorierna i ALS var, de gråter ut sin sorg, att tära på varandra, att behöva ta emot hjälp och tankar på döden. Resultatet visade skillnad i depressioner mellan dessa två sjukdomar. Vid MS är depressionerna djupare och längre då sjukdomen går i skov, medan det i ALS förändras från att vara djupa depressioner i samband med diagnos, till något positivt då de har kort tid kvar i livet.</p> / <p>When having MS and ALS there is also prevalence of depression of varying degree. This is important for the nurse to detect early in order to give the individual the right amount of care, to minimise suffering. In order to achieve this; it is important that the patient feels trust and security in the relation with the nurse. The aim of this study was to describe people's experiences of various symptoms associated with depression in MS and ALS, through the use of autobiographies. A qualitative method was used to gather the individual's experience of depression. Data was collected from eight autobiographies written in Swedish by both women and men. To interpret the data, a qualitative method, according to Dahlberg, was used. The results was separately for the two diseases, and was categorised and sub-categorised. The categories for MS were fatigue, denial, shame, fear and thoughts of death. The categories for ALS was, crying out grief, absume eachothers energy, help dependency and thoughts of death. The results showed differences in the state of depression between the two diseases. For MS, the depression goes deeper and for a longer duration, since the disease progresses in relapse. For ALS, the condition changes from deep depression when diagnosed to somewhat more positive when there are only little time left in life.</p>

Thèse de doctorat--Etudes orientales, section arabe--Université Michel de Montaigne-Bordeaux 3, 2001. N°: 2001BOR30010. / Bibliogr. p. 315-323.

The author of the dissertation analyses the work of a contemporary French writer Annie Ernaux at the core of which lie the autobiographical narrative and search for identity. This dissertation takes as its stating point the theoretical views articulated by Philippe Lejeune. However, in analysing Annie Ernaux, the author of the dissertation seeks to reveal modifications and divergencies from the canon of the autobiography and sets the author‘s work against the most widely known autobiographical models. Due to the hibridic and ambiguous character of Annie Ernaux‘s writing, it it has been called auto-biography, autosocioanalysis, ethnososiology, anti-journals, auto fiction, etc. Ernaux‘s autobiographical narrative oversteps the boundaries set by the canon and acquires aspects of biographical, feminist, transpersonal, ethnographical and sociological writing. Deviation from the cannonical autobiographical writing and the hibridity of the author‘s texts best reflect the author‘s innovative ways of constructing the self. As one of the most important deviations from the canon (Jean Jacques Rousseau‘s Confessions being the archetypal model of autobiography), the author of the dissertation emphasizes sociological aspects of Annie Ernaux‘s work and the link with the sociological ideas of Pierre Bourdieu. The disseration discusses the parallels between such sociological categories as the dominating and the dominated, class reproduction, class subconscious, the notions of habitus and... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama šiuolaikinės prancūzų rašytojos Annie Ernaux kūryba, kurios pagrindas - prabėgusio gyvenimo pasakojimas, savojo tapatumo ieškojimai. Autobiografinio pobūdžio tekstai analizuojami remiantis autobiografinio žanro tipologija, išryškinant svarbiausius Ph. Lejeune’o sukurtos autobiografijos teorijos postulatus. Tačiau darbo autorė atkreipia dėmesį ir į tam tikrus A. Ernaux kūrybai būdingus nukrypimus nuo tradiciškai suprantamo autobiografiškumo, kartais ambivalentišką ar hibridinį kai kurių kūrinių pobūdį, suponavusį tokius jos tekstų apibūdinimus kaip auto - biografija, autosocioanalizė, etnosociologija, antidienoraščiai, autofikcija etc. Pastebėta, kad autorės kūryboje autobiografinis pasakojimas kartais įgauna biografijos, feminizmo, transpersonalumo, etnografijos, sociologijos bruožų. Tokios deviacijos nuo tradiciškai suprantamo autobiografiškumo atsiskleidžia kaip naujų išraiškos formų ieškojimas, postmodernistinis žaidimas su literatūrine autobiografijos tradicija. Vienas reikšmingiausių pastebėtų nukrypimų nuo rusoistinės tradicijos ( J.- J. Rousseau Išpažintis traktuotina kaip archetipinis autobiografijos modelis) yra sociologinių aspektų išryškinimas, tam tiktas intertekstualumas su prancūzų sociologo P. Bourdieu idėjomis. Disertacijoje atskleidžiami paralelizmai tarp sociologinių kategorijų ( dominuojantys, dominuojamieji, klasinė reprodukcija, klasinė pasąmonė, habitus, dvigubas habitus etc.) ir literatūrinio jų interpretavimo. Autorės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Bakgrund: Ätstörningar är den tredje vanligaste sjukdomen i västvärlden bland unga kvinnor efter astma och fetma. Av de personer som drabbas utav Anorexia Nervosa avlider drygt 10 % till följd av sjukdomen. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att vårdas för sjukdomen Anorexia Nervosa. Metod: Denna studie genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod och en narrativ analys. Datainsamlingen grundades på fyra självbiografier, skrivna av kvinnor som hade drabbats av och vårdats för Anorexia Nervosa. Resultat: I resultatet kunde olika upplevelser av att vårdas för Anorexia Nervosa plockas ut. Upplevelserna delades upp i olika teman och förtydligades med citat. De teman som uppkom var Att tävla, Att släppa kontrollen, Att bli kränkt, Att förlora sin integritet, Att bli sedd, Att få insikt och Att känna en rädsla för att bli frisk. Dessa teman avspeglade kvinnors upplevelser av att vårdas för anorexia nervosa. Slutsats: Denna studie kan bidra till att vårdpersonal kan erhålla en ökad förståelse om kvinnors upplevelser av att vårdas för anorexia nervosa. Det kan innebära att vårdpersonalen kan främja kvinnornas behov av omvårdnad, för ett ökad hälsa och välbefinnande. / Background: Amongst young female adults in the western society, eating disorder is the third most common disease after asthma and obesity. About 10 % of the people who suffers from anorexia nervosa die due to the disease. Aim: This studies aim is to describe women’s experiences of being cared for Anorexia Nervosa. Method: This study was completed with a qualitative method and a narrative analysis. The gathering of data was founded on four autobiographies, written by women who has suffered from, and been cared for Anorexia Nervosa. Result: In the results, different experiences from the treatment for anorexia nervosa could be pointed out. The experience was divided into different themes and was clarified with quotations. The themes were To compete, To let go of the control, To be offended, To be seen, To get insight and To feel fear of being healthy. These themes reflected the women’s experiences from being cared for anorexia nervosa. Conclusion: This study can contribute so that health professionals receive a greater understanding about women’s experiences from being cared for Anorexia Nervosa. It could help the health professionals to promote these women’s need of care, it can also increase the women’s experience of health and well-being.

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze stories that don’t often get told or heard. Traditionally, nonreligious people have had to keep their lack of belief to themselves out of fear of persecution. In the literature review of this dissertation, I summarize previous scholarship about leaving religion. In an effort to learn about autobiographies written by nonreligious women, I utilize storytelling as a theoretical framework, located within the rhetorical uses of personal narratives, and ask: What are the types of challenges, experiences, and topics that nonreligious women include in their stories?; How do these autobiographies invite readers to understand personal accounts of religious departure?; and How do these autobiographies invite social change and consciousness raising? To answer these questions, I applied thematic narrative analysis, from a rhetorical perspective, as a way to discover the commonalities amongst the stories, as well as the unique characteristics that each story possesses. While each woman had a unique story, there were five common themes that emerged among the memoirs: family, intellectual, relational, sociocultural, and professional. Inspired by the language of the “women’s sphere,” I labeled each of the themes as a realm in the “sphere of life” with hope that the sphere of life can help explain how religion influences a person’s life. I discovered that, even though some of the women lost some relationships with family and friends, all of the women mentioned that they are happier now that they are being true to themselves. The authors also mentioned that it is important to be at peace with who they are since this is likely their one and only life. With that in mind, it is important to have choice and authenticity in one’s life. Finally, this study demonstrated the power of storytelling and how autobiographies can invite social and attitudinal change.

Cette thèse porte sur les mémoires de dirigeants du Comité Union et Progrès, une société secrète formée d’officiers, de bureaucrates et d’intellectuels qui ont tenu les rênes de l’Empire Ottoman de 1913 à 1918. Au-delà des évènements relatés dans ces documents, cette étude explore la construction d’un discours public sur la période du « Deuxième Régime Constitutionnel » (1908-1918) par la publication de ces mémoires en Turquie. L’analyse associe deux dimensions, synchronique et diachronique. D’une part, l’analyse du discours met en lumière trois grands thèmes sur lesquels s’expriment et se reflètent les subjectivités des auteurs – eux-mêmes (le Comité), la révolution et la guerre. D’autre part, des variations sont repérées au sein de ces trois thèmes, et interprétées au moyen d’une contextualisation de l’écriture et de la publication des mémoires. Les ruptures majeures dans les écrits des Unionistes permettent ainsi de considérer l’existence de trois « régimes mémoriels » (Johann Michel) – kémaliste, unioniste, islamiste – apparus successivement en Turquie au cours du vingtième siècle. La thèse met ainsi en évidence la convergence de ces régimes mémoriels sur la négation du génocide arménien de 1915-1916. Au-delà du cas d’étude, elle interroge l’immuabilité et la permanence d’un discours négationniste sur une violence exterminatrice, lorsqu’il est élaboré par les auteurs de cette violence, et le phénomène de pétrification discursive qu’il provoque dans la société qui en est réceptrice. / This dissertation deals with the memoirs of the Union and Progress Committee leaders, a secret society of officers, bureaucrats and intellectuals who ruled over the Ottoman Empire from 1913 to 1918. Going beyond an analysis of the events reported in these documents, this study explores the construction of a public narrative on the “Second Constitutional Era” (1908-1918) by the publication of these memoirs in Turkey. The analysis combines two dimensions, a synchronic one and a diachronic one. On the one hand, the discourse analysis highlights three major themes expressing and reflecting the subjectivities of the authors: themselves (the Committee), the revolution and the war. On the other hand, this analysis identifies variations within these three themes, and interprets them through a contextualization of the writing and publication of the memoirs. The major discontinuities in the Unionists’ writings thus make it possible to consider the existence of three “memorial regimes” (Johann Michel) – Kemalist, Unionist, Islamist – that appeared successively in Turkey during the twentieth century. The thesis highlights the convergence of these memorial regimes on the denial of the 1915-1916 Armenian genocide. Beyond this case study, it questions the immutability and the permanence of a negationist discourse on exterminatory violence, when developed by the perpetrators of this violence, and the phenomenon of paralysis that it provokes at the discursive level in the receiving society.

La Première Période intermédiaire égyptienne est souvent perçue comme une époque de crise de l’autorité royale, de morcellement politique du pays et de perte des valeurs éthiques traditionnels. Cette recherche a l’ambition de vérifier l’état de ce changement dans l’organisation sociale à travers le prisme de l’histoire institutionnelle. Les sources primaires analysées sont principalement les textes commémoratifs des notables des villes et des membres de leur maisonnée : il s’agit de titres, d’épithètes et de récits autobiographiques qui révèlent comment les rangs supérieurs de la société définissaient leur autorité, c’est-à-dire leur pouvoir et leur prestige. L’étude de leurs fonctions et de leur comportement dans quatre secteurs administratifs (l’administration centrale, territoriale, l’administration des palais et des temples) et dans le domaine privé permet de conclure que la Première Période intermédiaire ne représente pas une césure nette avec le passé. En revanche, l’augmentation des centres ayant leurs propres ateliers qui produisent des monuments inscrits offre une photographie inédite sur les sociétés urbaines et sur les liens que les élites de province entretenaient avec la capitale à la fin du IIIe millénaire. Des aspects caractéristiques de la Première Période intermédiaire, comme l’importance des activités militaires, sont aussi envisagés. / Egypt's First Intermediate Period is often portrayed as a time of crisis of the royal authority, political fragmentation, and loss of traditional ethical values. The aim of this research is to assess the features of this transformation in the social organization, through the lens of institutional history. The primary sources analysed are chiefly the commemorative texts of the towns' dignitaries and the members of their households; they includes titles, epithets, and autobiographical records that reveal how the higher ranks of society defined their authority, i.e. their power and prestige. The study of the roles and behaviour of these individuals within four administrative areas (i.e. central, territorial, palace, and temple administration) and in the private domain makes it possible to conclude that the First Intermediate Period does not constitute a clear break with the past. On the other hand, the increase in the number of centres that were provided with their own workshops for the production of inscribed monuments offers a new view of the contemporary urban societies, and of the link that the provincial elites maintain with the capital at the end of the 3rd millennium. Some features distinctive of the First Intermediate Period (for instance, the importance of military activities) are also considered.

Bakgrund: Amyotrofisk lateralskleros är en motorneuronsjukdom som leder till total förlamning av kroppens viljestyrda muskulatur och döden inom några få år medan medvetandet behålls opåverkat under hela sjukdomsförloppet. Det bidrar till ett fysiskt, psykiskt och existentiellt lidande hos patienten. För att kunna erbjuda rätt stöd till patienten bör sjuksköterskan ha en ökad kunskap och förståelse kring hur patienter med ALS upplever livet med sin sjukdom. Syfte: Beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med sjukdomen ALS. Metod: Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ ansats utifrån självbiografier som belyser personers upplevelse av att leva med sjukdomen ALS. Vid analys av självbiografierna användes en innebördsanalys. Resultat: Efter analys framträdde fem teman som belyser hur individer kan uppleva sitt liv med ALS. Det framkom i resultatet att trots förluster, sorg, ovisshet och lidande så kunde informanterna ändå acceptera, hantera och finna mening i sin sjukdom. Slutsats: Att drabbas av ALS medför ett existentiellt lidande hos patienten. Det är viktigt som sjuksköterska att ge rätt stöd och individanpassad information för att kunna ge vägledning genom hela sjukdomsförloppet vilket skapar möjligheter att främja begriplighet, hanterbarhet, meningsfullhet och välbefinnande hos patienten. / Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motor neuron disease that leads to total paralysis of the body's involuntary muscles and death within a few years, while consciousness is retained unaffected throughout the course of the disease. The disease contributes to physical, psychological and existential suffering. In order to offer the right support to the patient, the nurse should have a greater knowledge and understanding of how patients with ALS experience life with their disease. Purpose: To describe patients' experiences of living with ALS. Method: The study is based on a qualitative approach based on autobiographies that illuminate people's experience of living with ALS. To analyze the autobiographies the authors in the foregoing study used a significance analysis. Results: Five themes appeared after analyses which illustrate how individuals can experience life with ALS. It emerged in the results that despite the losses, sadness, uncertainty and suffering the informants could still accept, manage and find meaning in their illness. Conclusion: To suffer from ALS causes an existential suffering. It is important as a nurse to provide the right support and personalized information to provide guidance throughout the course of the disease, creating opportunities to promote manageability, meaningfulness and well-being for the patient