Bakgrund: Anorexia Nervosa är en psykiatrisk sjukdom som främst drabbar unga kvinnor mellan 15 och 23 år med hög mortalitet. Sjukdomen orsakar ätstörning vilket medför kraftig viktnedgång. Syftet: Syftet är att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med Anorexia Nervosa. Metod: Denna studie är genomförd av kvalitativ metod med analys av narratives. Datainsamlingen är baserad på fyra självbiografier skrivna av kvinnor som drabbats av Anorexia Nervosa. Resultat: Resultatet visade att samtliga kvinnor har haft olika upplevelser av Anorexia Nervosa. Kvinnornas upplevelser delas in i tre olika teman vilket förtydligades med citat. Teman som beskrivs avspelar kvinnors olika upplevelser. De teman som uppkom var Det svåruppnåeliga kvinnoidealet, Den ångestfyllda tillvaron, Betydelsen av att ha kontroll. Slutsats: Anorexia är en komplex psykiatrisk sjukdom som kräver en optimal omvårdnad med beredskap och förståelse från vårdpersonal. Sjuksköterskor strävar efter att förhindra ett lidande och främja hälsa i vårdandet av patienter. Studiens resultat bidrog med en bredare kunskap och förståelse kring sjukdomen Anorexia Nervosa för en optimal återhämtning hos patient. / Background: Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder that primarily affects young women between 15 and 23 years with high mortality. The disease causes eating disorder resulting in significant weight loss. Purpose: Purpose of the study was to describe women's experiences of living with anorexia nervosa. Method: This study was conducted by qualitative method of analysis of narratives. Data collection was based on four autobiographies written by women who have lived with Anorexia Nervosa. Results: The results showed that all women have had different experiences of Anorexia Nervosa. This experiences were divided into three different themes which are clarified with quote. Themes described reflects women's different experiences with anorexia nervosa, which is the elusive ideal of women, the anguished existence and the importance of being in control. Conclusion: Anorexia is a complex psychiatric illness that requires an optimum care of preparedness and understanding of health professionals. Nurses strive to prevent suffering and promote health in the care of patients. The study's results contributed to a wider knowledge and understanding of the disease anorexia nervosa for optimal recovery of the patient.

No description available.

The aim of this study was to examine battered women’s stories about resistance within domestic relationships, and to problematize previous research theoretical description of adaptation and resistance as a dichotomous contradiction. More specifically the aim of this study was to challenge the view of battered women as only passive victims without agency, and to gain an increased understanding how adaptation can be a form of resistance. The study was based on five autobiographies, where the female authors described their experiences of living with an abusive male partner in a heterosexual relationship in a swedish context. Allan Wades definition of resistance, the leaving process and the normalization process were used as theoretical perspectives to analyze the study’s results. One of the main results showed that all the women in the autobiographies exercised resistance and that the resistance was expressed in different forms. Another result showed that more open forms of resistance almost always led to severe consequences for the battered women. As a conclusion battered women’s adaptation can be perceived as a subtle form of resistance, since they adapt to survive but still opposes the violence through thoughts and subtle acts. Thus another conclusion were that a description of adaptation and resistance as a dichotomous contradiction is problematic.

Double exposure has often been used as a metaphor for the condition of emigration: of being between two places simultaneously, of layering the memory of one place onto another. To extend the metaphor of double exposure, this study turns to the medium of photography itself to explore how it functions within Russian émigré narratives of the self. I examine how Vladimir Nabokov, Joseph Brodsky, Gary Shteyngart, and the visual artist Ilya Kabakov use photographs in their autobiographical works—from literary memoirs to art installations—as a device for representing the divided self in emigration. “Double exposure” works as a flexible concept in this dissertation: as a metaphor for exilic double consciousness; for the autobiographical tension between multiple selves; and as a model for the composite structure of these texts that join together word and image. Bringing together photography and autobiography in this study, I explore how the “objective” medium of photography offers these authors a version of the self as visual object to be used creatively within their own self-representations. Self-representation, after all, involves the transformation of one’s own subjectivity into an object of investigation. And the objectivity of the photograph cannot be divorced from the subjective experience of looking at and interpreting the sense data that the image supplies. The photograph’s uneasy relationship between objectivity and subjectivity makes it a rich source for autobiographical practices of self-creation and self-investigation. The photographs and their textual mediation work as visual metonyms that stand in for the larger project of self-representation; they picture the act of picturing the self. This dissertation charts the critical ambivalence to family photographs in these works, how they stage a back-and-forth between an affective or nostalgic attitude to images and a sharp awareness of the limits or dangers of such an attitude. The subjects of this dissertation reveal a divided attitude to the visual medium, both attracted and repelled by the promise of photographs. The divided attitude to photographs in these works, I argue, stems in part from a crisis in vision. From the semiotic appraisal of photographs to the disciplinary and propagandistic abuses of photography, to see the photograph as an uncomplicated restoration of the past is no longer possible by the second half of the twentieth century (if, indeed, it ever was). And yet, it is the very losses of the twentieth century that make urgent the need to collect and preserve the fragments that remain. These authors exhibit an ambivalence about how photographs preserve the past and what kind of information they provide us with, about how these images represent the self (and the family), and finally about how this form of representation compares with the written word. Each of my four chapters examines a different modality of this ambivalent approach to photographs as they intersect with narrating the self: Nabokov’s agonistic contest between photography and his visual memory; Brodsky’s resignation to the modern photographic condition that ruptures the continuity of memory and experience; Shteyngart’s divided reading of the self from a hyphenated Russian-American perspective; and Kabakov’s ironically sincere recuperation of an affective response after postmodernism. Considering photos as both indexical documents that provide evidence but also as indeterminate images that demand interpretation, I read the photographs as an integral component of self-construction in these works, rather than as transparent illustrations of the self. These photographs offer a productive site for representing the divided self in emigration, the experience of trauma, and the convergence of personal and social history.

Este trabalho apresenta pesquisa que busca, por meio da produção de autobiografias por alunos de sexto ano, possibilitar reflexões sobre trajetórias de vida, bem como desenvolver noções do trabalho do historiador, em especial o uso de fontes históricas. Para atingir este objetivo, promoveram-se encontros com os alunos nos quais se desenvolveu a caracterização das escritas de si, principalmente as autobiografias. Posteriormente o trabalho apresentou aos alunos informações sobre fontes históricas e buscou-se instrumentalizá-los para o uso de memórias, fotografias e relatos orais para a confecção de seus escritos. Autores como Gomes, Lejeune, Ricoeur, Freud, Selligmann-Silva, entre outros, foram essenciais para orientar e analisar as produções feitas. No relato destas vidas, imaginava-se o encontro de recordações traumáticas, em um número elevado, o que não se concretizou quando se iniciou a leitura das produções. A riqueza de situações apresentadas pelos trabalhos justifica o uso das autobiografias para percepção de trajetórias de vida e para o ensino de fontes históricas. / The present work introduces research that aims, using the production of autobiographies by students of the sixth year, to enable reflections on trajectory of lives, as well as develop notions of the work of the historian, specially the usage of historical sources. To reach this objective, meetings with the students were promoted in which the characterization of the self writings were developed, mainly the autobiographies. Then the work presented to the students information about historical sources and, aimed to give them instruments to the usage of memories, photography, and oral reports to the making of their writings. Authors such as Gomes, Lejeune, Ricoeur, Freud, Selligmann-Silva and others were essential to guide and analyze the productions that were made. In the report of these lives, it was thought to find many traumatic memories, which was not confirmed once the reading of the productions began. The richness of situations presented by the works justifies the usage of autobiographies to realize the trajectory of life and to the teaching of historical sources.

No description available.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem como tema central autobiografias escritas por indivíduos com autismo. A partir dos enredos que conduzem as narrativas, pretende-se mostrar como elas afetam e contribuem para visões existentes sobre autismo. O traço relevante e singular deste estudo é sua proposta de sublinhar a narrativa em primeira pessoa, as maneiras pelas quais eles se identificam e redefinem as noções existentes sobre autismo como categoria psiquiátrica. O objetivo é compreender as diferentes formas como os autistas se adaptam, negociam, resistem ou até mesmo criam novas normas para lidar com sua condição. Como ferramenta teórica, foram tomadas as ideias do filósofo canadense Ian Hacking, sobre tipos humanos e efeito looping, para analisar como as pessoas classificadas ou autoclassificadas ressignificam, através de suas experiências, as tipificações sobre autismo. As narrativas selecionadas não só permitem que autistas compartilhem suas experiências com o mundo, mas também ampliem os sentidos que atribuímos ao autismo como experiência e como diagnóstico. / The central theme of this work is related to the autobiographies of autistic individuals. Our objective is to demonstrate how these narratives affect and contribute to the current view of autism. The most relevant and unique aspect of this study is to highlight the autistics selfperception and the way in which they identify themselves with prevailing psychiatric notions and many times redefine them. Our objective is to understand the many different ways in which they adapt, negotiate, resist and find new forms to deal with their condition. We use philosopher Ian Hackings theory about human types and looping effect in order to analyze how classified or self-classified individuals through their own experiences give a new significance to the typifications of autism.

Objective: When caring for a patient with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) it is difficult for the registered nurses to develop a good nurse-patient relationship due to a lack of understanding for the illness.  It is important for the nurse to understand the suffering that the AN patients experience, and what makes them feel better, to be able to improve the patient-nurse relationship. This study aims to explore what makes patients with AN feel better during the illness and the process of recovery. Method: A qualitative scientific approach was used. Eight autobiographies were selected as data for this study. Both English and Swedish books were used. The data was analyzed using a qualitative method of data analysis. Results: The ways patients with AN could feel better are presented in seven themes: being seen as a whole individual behind the illness, being able to trust and find security, taking responsibility for recovery, finding motivation to keep fighting towards recovery, when one's suffering is noticed, filling a void, and the strengthening of the relationship between care giver and patient. This study may help registered nurses understand the needs of the patient recovering from AN and help them meet these needs in a better way. / Avsikt: För sjuksköterskor är det svårt att utveckla en bra sjuksköterske-patient relation när de vårdar patienter med anorexia nervosa (AN), eftersom det finns brister i deras förståelse för sjukdomen. För att kunna stärka relationen mellan sjuksköterskor och patienter är det viktigt för sjuksköterskan att förstå det lidandet som patienter med AN upplever och vad som kan lindra det.  Syftet med denna studie är att utforska vad som får patienter med AN att må bättre under sjukdomens lopp och tillfrisknandet. Metod: En kvalitativ metod valdes för att utföra studien. Sex självbiografier valdes som data till studien. Böcker skrivna på svenska och engelska användes. En kvalitativ dataanalys, enligt Dahlberg, användes för att tolka data. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i sju teman: att bli sedd som en individ bakom sjukdomen, att kunna känna tillit och hitta trygghet, att ta eget ansvar för tillfrisknandet, att hitta motivation för att fortsätta kämpa mot tillfrisknandet, att ens lidande uppmärksammas, att fylla ett tomrum efter sjukdomen och att stärka relationen mellan vårdare och patient. Denna studie kan hjälpa allmänna sjuksköterskor att förstå de behov patienter med AN har och hjälpa dem att bemöta deras behov på ett bra sätt.

I Sverige insjuknar ca 30 000 personer årligen i stroke. Stroke är den vanligaste orsaken till neurologiska funktionshinder, som ofta innebär ett stort lidande för individen. I nuläget finns endast lite forskning kring de faktorer som påverkar känslan av sammanhang hos individer som genomlidit en stroke. Syftet med studien var att utifrån självbiografier ta reda på vad som bidrar till individens ökade känsla av sammanhang. Studien utgick från en kvalitativ ansats baserat på fyra självbiografier. Utifrån analysen uppstod fyra teman och tolv kategorier baserat på individernas viktigaste upplevelser av vad som bidrog till ökad känsla av sammanhang. Resultatet presenterades med hjälp av citat från självbiografierna. Det som bidrog till ökad känsla av sammanhang och som framkom i resultatet var Möjlighet till stöd, där stödet från närstående, vänner, sjukvårdspersonal och inte minst logoped var mycket betydelsefullt. Att komma framåt, vardagslivet och livet efter stroke, tar upp vikten av att finna mening och nya utmaningar och mål i livet. Det är viktigt för sjuksköterskan att förstå att stroke är en individuell sjukdom och att alla individer finner olika sätt till att anpassa sig till sin nya livssituation. Detta för att kunna anpassa omvårdnaden till varje enskild individ. / Each year, about 30 000 people in Sweden suffer a stroke. It is the most common cause to neurological dysfunction and implicates much suffering for the individual. Few studies have been made about the factors that could conduce to the individuals’ sense of coherence. The aim of this study was to, based on autobiographies, find out which factors there are that contribute to the individuals sense of coherence. The study was based on a qualitative approach. The result was presented in four themes and twelve categories that arouse when reading the materials. Each team and category where described with the help of quotations from the autobiographies. The most important things for the individuals’ sense of coherence were; Possibility for support, the support from friends, relatives, healthcare stuff and speech therapist meant a lot for the individuals’ wellbeing. To head forward, everyday life, Life after stroke and finding new meaning where other factors that turned out to have a great value for the individuals. It’s important that the nurse understands the individuality of stroke and that each individual finds his or her own way to adapt the new life situation, this because the nurse has to adjust the care that is given.

Att få en livshotande sjukdom kan vara en stor kris och är ett lidande. Tidigare forskning är till stor del fokuserad på patienters upplevelser i ett terminalt skede och visar vikten av en öppen kommunikation, att leva ett aktivt normalt liv och att människors uppfattning om döden är olika. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur det är att leva med en livshotande sjukdom i det vardagliga livet vilket har studerats med hjälp av självbiografier. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats, baserad på sex självbiografier. Resultatet beskrivs i form av fem teman, som illustreras och förtydligas med citat. Resultatet visar att upplevelsen av att leva med en livshotande sjukdom involverar ett behov av att leva ett så vardagligt liv som möjligt för att få ett större välbefinnande. Framtiden är oviss och personerna upplever en konstant oro och rädsla. Att ha någon att dela sina upplevelser med, ett bra stöd och förtroende från vårdpersonal är viktigt. I diskussionen diskuteras hur individens hela livssituation påverkas till följd av en livshotande sjukdom och hur viktigt det är att vårdpersonalen bekräftar patienternas känslor. / A life-threatening disease is a crisis and a suffering. Previous research are focused on terminally ill patients experiences and shows the importance of open communication, to live a active normal life and that peoples apprehension about death is different. The aim of this study was to describe how it is to live with a life-threatening disease in a every day life, based on autobiographies. The study is based on a qualitative approach and a analysis of six autobiographies. The results is presented in five themes. Each theme is described separately with help from quotation from the autobiographies. The results shows that the experiences of living with a life- threatening disease involves a need to live a every day life as it used to be, to get a increased well-being. It even includes a uncertainty future and a constant anxiety and fear. To have someone to share the experience with, a good support and to feel confidence from nursing staff is important. How peoples life situation are influenced by the life-threatening disease and how important it is that nursing staff confirm patients experience are discussed.