Cette thèse de sociologie qualitative porte sur les pratiques et les significations des aménagements de l’habitat chez des couples d’individus nouvellement retraités et issus du « Baby-Boom ». Elle rend compte des dynamiques - socio-historiques, identitaires et corporelles, relationnelles et de mode de vie - qui modèlent l’expérience du « vieillir » et de l’ « habiter » de ces individus, et ce, dans une double temporalité : dans le temps présent, à travers les aménagements réalisés et/ou projetés à court terme ; dans l’avenir, à travers les aménagements réalisés par anticipation des risques liés à la vieillesse et/ou projetés à long terme. Les résultats de cette thèse montrent, d’une part, que les aménagements de l’habitat et leurs pratiques afférentes constituent les « supports » d’une transition dans le parcours de vie, pour des « êtres vieillissants sans être vieux » qui arrivent à la retraite et en même temps, au dernier tiers de leur vie. Dans le même mouvement, ils montrent comment les liens et les activités diverses de « pivots générationnels » nouvellement retraités façonnent leur habitat et leur façon d’habiter en début de retraite. D’autre part, les résultats de cette thèse donnent à voir une approche « endogène » de l’adaptation de l’habitat, à l’heure où cette question constitue un enjeu essentiel pour les pouvoirs publics et pour les individus. Cette recherche montre sur ce point comment des Baby-Boomers font preuve, via l’aménagement de leur habitat, d’un empowerment notable au sujet de leur vieillissement présent et à venir, afin de vivre et de vieillir « bien » et si possible, chez eux. Les résultats exposés donnent aussi à penser le potentiel du « confort » pour accompagner les individus issus des générations du Baby-Boom dans la prévention des risques de l’avenir et la préparation de leur vieux jours. En même temps, cette recherche invite à réfléchir à certains freins liés aujourd’hui (encore) à ces questions, tels qu’un imaginaire de la vieillesse profondément négatif, que certaines images et messages véhiculés continuent de nourrir. / This thesis of qualitative sociology is about practices and meanings of home’s adaptations made by newly retired couples of Baby Boomers. It reports various dynamics – sociological, historical, physical or of identity, relationship and lifestyle - that shape the experience of "ageing" and the "housing" of these individuals, and this in two different time frames : in the present, through realized and /or short-term planned developments; in the future, through the developments made by anticipation of risks linked to the ageing and/or long-term projection. The results of this thesis show, first of all, that the adaptation of housing and related practices constitute some "supports" for this transition in the life course, and for "ageing but not old yet” people coming to retirement and entering the “last third of their life”. In the same time, they show how the relationships and the various activities of newly retired "generational pillars" shape their habitat and way of living in the early retirement period. On the other hand, the results of this thesis give to see an "endogenous" approach to adaptation of housing, at a time when this issue is a major challenge for governments and individuals. Regarding this point of view, this research demonstrates how Baby Boomers show, through the development of their habitat, a significant empowerment about their present and future ageing in order to live and age "good" and if possible, at home. The exposed results also suggest the potential of "comfort" in order to help Baby Boomers in the process of risk’s prevention, for the future and the preparation of their old years. At the same time, this research encourages to think about the obstacles that still exist on these questions, such as the deep negative perception of aging, that certain popular images and messages continue to feed.

Après des décennies d'amélioration, l'espérance de vie a stagné dans plusieurs pays à faible mortalité ces dernières années, avec, dans certains cas, quelques reculs. L’augmentation de la mortalité due à la grippe et aux surdoses de drogue, en particulier dans la génération des baby-boomers, a été le principal responsable de cette stagnation de l’espérance de vie. Cette découverte était inattendue, car il est considéré que la mortalité extrinsèque – par opposition à la mortalité intrinsèque due à des maladies dégénératives se déclarant souvent aux grands âges – joue un rôle négligeable dans les changements actuels d'espérance de vie. Pour la même raison, les tendances temporelles de la mortalité extrinsèque n’ont guère retenu l’attention des chercheurs. Les crises périodiques dues aux épidémies de grippe et à la crise des opioïdes sont considérées comme les principaux déterminants des variations de la mortalité extrinsèque. Cependant, des preuves récentes suggèrent que les effets de cohorte jouent un rôle important dans la modulation de la mortalité extrinsèque, mais que de telles influences sont encore mal connues. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'examiner le rôle des effets de cohorte sur l’évolution de la mortalité extrinsèque dans les dernières décennies, avec un accent particulier mis sur la grippe et les causes de décès comportementales. Plus spécifiquement, elle vise à (1) déterminer les différences par cohorte de mortalité par la grippe et l’influence des expositions précoces au virus sur cette mortalité; (2) analyser le désavantage de mortalité des baby-boomers au Canada et aux États-Unis en identifiant la contribution des causes comportementales à ce désavantage; et (3) développer un outil méthodologique permettant à la fois l'analyse visuelle de la dynamique temporelle des effets non linéaires d'âge, de période et de cohorte (APC) et la comparaison entre divers phénomènes ou populations. Pour ces analyses, nous utilisons des micro-données de mortalité provenant de systèmes de statistiques de l’état civil au Canada et aux États-Unis. Nous utilisons également les taux de mortalité et de fécondité de divers pays pour généraliser l'analyse visuelle des effets non linéaires à d'autres phénomènes démographiques que la mortalité. Les analyses ont été réalisées en appliquant des modèles de Serfling pour l’estimation de la mortalité par grippe, des mesures démographiques permettant une décomposition par cause des variations de la mortalité, des techniques de lissage pour identifier les tendances et des approches statistiques et visuelles sur des configurations de Lexis pour l’analyse des effets APC. Les résultats, sous la forme de trois articles scientifiques, montrent que malgré des fluctuations marquées au cours des années calendrier (période), les cohortes de naissance ont une influence indépendante et durable sur la mortalité liée à la grippe ou due au comportement. Les principaux résultats du premier article suggèrent que deux mécanismes modulent la mortalité grippale au fil des cohortes. Pour la population jeune et adulte, les risques de mortalité par cohortes dépendent du contraste en le premier virus auquel on est vraisemblablement exposé (le virus laissant« l’empreinte antigénique ») et le virus rencontré à l’âge adulte, au moment de l’épidémie sous observation. Des modifications significatives du risque de décès ont ainsi été observées lors d’épidémies de grippes pour les cohortes nées lors d'importants changements antigéniques (par exemple, une diminution significative du risque pour les cohortes nées entre 1957 et 1968). Pour les âges plus avancés, nous n’avons pas identifié de tels effets de cohorte « ponctuels », mais plutôt un effet de cohorte de plus longue haleine, qui aura conduit à un déclin progressif de la mortalité par grippe entre 1959 et 2016. En nous inspirant des théories dites de technophysio ou de cohort morbidity phenotype, nous attribuons ce déclin à des changements s’étant produit bien avant, c’est-à-dire à l’amélioration marqué des conditions sanitaires qui a eu lieu entre 1900 et 1930, au moment où les cohortes concernées venaient au monde et dont elles ont pu bénéficier. Les travaux du deuxième article de cette thèse révèlent que la plupart des excès de mortalité chez les baby-boomers au Canada et aux États-Unis sont dus à des causes comportementales. Le désavantage des baby-boomers résulte de plusieurs effets de cohortes sur des causes comportementales différentes, et non pas d'effets de période ponctuels affectant la même cohorte aux âges différents, un mécanisme alternatif qui pourrait expliquer la «pénalité des boomers». Les baby-boomers présentaient respectivement un risque d'hépatite C et de mortalité par drogue trois fois et deux fois plus élevé que les cohortes voisines. La contribution méthodologique des graphique de courbure APC, présentée dans le troisième article, nous a permis d'analyser la dynamique des effets non linéaires au fil du temps, à travers divers phénomènes et populations. Cette technique offre une plus grande flexibilité que les modèles statistiques ou autres graphiques de Lexis. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse montrent l'importance d'analyser les effets de cohortes sur la mortalité extrinsèque. Nos résultats indiquent que même en présence de perturbations de période importantes affectant la mortalité extrinsèque à la plupart des âges, les effets de cohorte se sont maintenus au fil du temps. Ces résultats suggèrent également que les politiques publiques peuvent améliorer considérablement la santé de la population en formulant des politiques qui prennent en compte la sensibilité différentielle des cohortes aux facteurs de risque et en fournissant un soutien social aux cohortes les plus vulnérables. / After decades of improvement, life expectancy momentarily declined during 2014-15 in several high income countries, with subsequent reversals in some cases. The main sources of this stagnation have been increases in mortality from influenza and drug overdoses, mainly for the baby-boomer generation. This trend is unexpected because it has long been assumed that extrinsic mortality, which is due to causes originating outside the body – in opposition to intrinsic mortality from degenerative diseases at old ages –, plays a negligible role in life expectancy changes. For this reason, the temporal patterns of extrinsic mortality have received little attention in demographic research. Period crises such as influenza epidemics and the opioid crisis are considered the main determinants of variations of extrinsic mortality. However, despite recent evidence suggesting that cohort effects have an important role in modulating extrinsic mortality, little is known about this relationship. The main objective of this dissertation is to help fill this gap by examining cohort influences on extrinsic mortality change, with a particular emphasis on influenza and behavioral causes. More specifically, we aim (1) to quantify cohort differences in mortality from influenza and the influence of early life exposures to the virus on subsequent influenza mortality; (2) to analyze the baby boomers’ disadvantage in mortality in Canada and the United States, while identifying the contributions of behavioral causes to this disadvantage; and (3) to develop a methodological tool that can be used to both conduct visual analysis of the temporal dynamics of nonlinear Age-Period-Cohort (APC) effects, and compare these dynamics across various phenomena or populations. To achieve these goals, we use micro-level mortality data from vital statistics in Canada and the United States. We also employ death and fertility rates from various countries to generalize the visual analysis of nonlinear effects to other demographic phenomena. The analyses were conducted by applying Serfling models for the estimation of influenza mortality, demographic measures for the decomposition of cause-specific mortality changes, smoothing techniques for the identification of trends, and statistical and visual approaches on the Lexis configuration for the analysis of APC effects. The results, in the form of three scientific articles, show that despite marked fluctuations over calendar years (periods), birth cohorts have an independent and sustained influence on influenza and mortality from behavioral causes. The main results from the first paper suggest that two mechanisms modulated influenza mortality over cohorts. For the young and adult population, the mortality risks over cohorts depend of the contrast between the first virus to which individuals were exposed (the virus producing an antigenic imprinting) and the virus encountered in adulthood during the observed epidemic. For this age segment, significant changes in risk were found during influenza epidemics among cohorts born during important antigenic shifts (e.g., a decrease in risk for cohorts born between 1957 and 1968). For older ages, we did not identify such “punctual” cohort effects but rather a smooth and monotonic change in cohort effects that might have driven a progressive decline in influenza mortality between 1959 and 2016. Inspired by so-called cohort morbidity phenotype and technophysio evolution theories, we attributed this decline to changes produced earlier, i.e., to the sharp sanitary improvements occurred between 1900 and 1930, when the concerned cohorts were born and when they could have benefited. Findings from the second paper revealed that most of the baby boomers’ excess mortality in Canada and the United States is driven by behavioral causes of death. The “boomer disadvantage” resulted from multiple cohort effects on behavioral-related mortality, and not from punctual period effects affecting the same cohort at different ages. Among the baby boomers, the risk of dying from hepatitis C was almost three times higher, and the risk of dying from drug-related causes was almost two times higher, than among the adjacent cohorts. These results were obtained using an innovative methodology developed in the third paper, which allowed us to analyze the dynamics of nonlinear effects over time through APC curvature plots. This technique provides greater flexibility than statistical models or other Lexis plots, and it has been shown to be applicable to other demographic phenomena, such as fertility. The findings presented in this dissertation offer evidence of the importance of analyzing cohort effects on extrinsic mortality. Our results indicate that even in the presence of substantial period disturbances affecting extrinsic mortality at most ages, cohort effects were sustained over time. These findings also suggest that public policies can significantly improve the health of the population by formulating policies that take into account the differential sensitivity of cohorts to risk factors and by providing social support to the most vulnerable cohorts.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka motivation inom virtuella arbetsmiljöer. Vidaresyftar studien även till att jämföra skillnader mellan olika generationer gällande motivation ivirtuella arbetsmiljöer.Metod: I denna studie har en kvantitativ metod applicerats med hjälp av enwebbenkätundersökning. Studien är hypotetisk-deduktiv där hypoteser härleds från denteoretiska referensramen. Den data som samlats in består av 84 svar, vilka bearbetades iprogrammet SPSS där oberoende t-test och medelvärdesanalys genomfördes.Resultat & slutsats: Av de motivationsfaktorer som studerats motiveras den äldregenerationen av flexibilitet och självstyre och bra ledarskap, samt delvis av teknologiskbekvämlighet. Den yngre generationen motiveras av flexibilitet och självstyre, teknologiskbekvämlighet och bra ledarskap, samt ledarskap kopplat till social närvaro. Studien har ävenfunnit att de faktorer som leder till motivation, också kan leda till amotivation inom virtuellaarbetsmiljöer om de hanteras oaktsamt.Bidrag: Studiens praktiska bidrag är en ökad förståelse för olika generationers motivationhos medarbetare inom virtuella arbetsmiljöer, vilket kan underlätta ledararbete ochHR-processer. Studiens teoretiska bidrag ger framför allt en indikation på motivationsfaktoreroch amotivationsfaktorer inom virtuella arbetsmiljöer genom de teoretiska modeller somutvecklats. Vidare bidrar studien även med teoretiska förslag på nya perspektiv på Herzbergstvåfaktorteori och Hawthornestudien. / Aim: The purpose of the study is to investigate motivation in virtual work environments.Furthermore, the study also aims to compare differences between different generationsregarding motivation in virtual work environments.Method: In this study, a quantitative method has been applied using a web based survey. Thestudy is hypothetical-deductive where hypotheses are derived from the theoreticalframework. The data collected consists of 84 responses, which were processed in the programSPSS where independent t-tests and mean value analyses were performed.Results and conclusions: The older generation was found to be motivated by flexibility andself-management and good leadership, as well as in part by technological comfort. Theyounger generation is motivated by flexibility and self-management, technological comfortand good leadership, as well as leadership linked to social presence. The study additionallyfound that the factors which lead to motivation also can lead to amotivation in virtual workenvironments if they are handled negligently.Contribution: The study's practical contribution is an increased understanding of differentgenerations' motivation among employees in virtual work environments, which can facilitateleadership work and HR processes. The study's theoretical contribution primarily provides anindication of motivational factors and amotivational factors within virtual work environmentsthrough the theoretical models that were developed. Furthermore, the study also contributeswith theoretical proposals for new perspectives on Herzberg's two-factor theory and theHawthorne study.

Ledarskapsteori är ett viktigt ämne inom forskning, för att göra det möjligt att optimera prestation och trivsel hos medarbetare i organisationer. Det skapar även möjligheter för ledare att anpassa sig efter sina medarbetare och skapa trivsamma och produktiva arbetsplatser.   Denna studie undersöker sambandet mellan ålder och ledarskapspreferenser hos HR-anställda i Sverige. HR-anställda ansågs vara relevanta att studera då de har stor påverkan på hälsan hos alla anställda på en arbetsplats. Studien utfördes i form av en enkät som besvarades av 221 respondenter, där 21 frågor från instrumentet Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, MLQ, besvarades. Frågorna mätte ledarstilarna Transformativt ledarskap, Transaktionellt ledarskap samt Laissez faire-ledarskap. Dessutom togs hänsyn till fyra olika generationsindelningar i studien; Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y och Generation Z. Dessa representerar åldern på den arbetskraft som befinner sig på arbetsmarknaden idag.   Resultatet visade på ett negativt samband mellan ålder och preferens för transformativt ledarskap, vilket indikerar att yngre personer föredrar ledare som är mer transformativa i sitt ledarskap. Det fanns även samband mellan preferens för olika ledarstilar, vilket tyder på att en ökad preferens för en av ledarstilarna indikerar en högre preferens för ytterligare en ledarstil. Studien ställer sig kritisk till generationsindelningar, då det inte fanns några signifikanta skillnader mellan preferenserna hos individer från olika generationer. / Leadership theory is an important subject within research, to create information and knowledge of how leadership preferences can differ between individuals. It also creates an opportunity for leaders to adapt their leadership to different co-workers and create healthy workplaces.   The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between age and leadership preference in HR-employees in Sweden. HR-employees was considered to be relevant since they are accountable for the health of all employees at a workplace. A survey was conduced, where the 221 respondents answered 21 questions from the questionnaire Multifactor Leadership Questionnare, MLQ. The questions measured the leadership types Transformative leadership, Transactional leadership and Laissez-faire leadership. Four generations were also considered; Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y and Generation Z, which represent the age of the workforce in Sweden at the time the study was conducted.   The study found a negative correlation between age and preference for Transformative leadership, which indicated that younger people prefer leaders who are transformative in their leadership. There were also correlations between preferences for different leadership types, where a higher preference for one leadership type also indicated a higher preference for another leadership type. The study is critical to dividing and judging people based on generation, since there were no differences between the preferences in individuals from different generations.

The objective of this study was to determine (1) if there is a difference between Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y employees’ perceptions of organisational culture and if so, (2) to determine if generational sub-cultures are formed within an organisation as a result of these different perceptions. A quantitative research design was chosen, and employees (n = 455) in a large South African information and communication technologies (ICT) sector company, selected through proportionate, random, stratified sampling, completed the South African Culture Instrument (SACI). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data, and the results of this study indicate that generational sub-cultures can be identified in the organisation, based on significantly different perceptions of five of the seven dimensions of organisational culture examined. This study therefore contributes to the body of knowledge on organisational culture and the formation of sub-cultures at a generational level and can be used to enhance organisational talent and management strategies. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

大多數的已開發國家都逐漸成為高齡化社會；同時，可以幫助高齡族群的科技發明變得越來越流行和重要。本研究提出一個以穿戴式裝置為基礎的服務系統，不只專注在健康，也重視正向情緒、投入程度、人際關係、人生意義和成就感（PERMA，幸福模型）。本系統的目標是透過以活動為基礎的介入，促進幸福價值；亦即透過整合服務系統內的所有資源以提供個人化的活動介入給戰後嬰兒潮族群，並整合子系統的最佳化機制以得到整體的價值最大化。 因為幸福被定義為一種多維度的觀念，為了衡量並評價幸福，我們使用一個以影子價格為基礎的計算矩陣來比較各個活動介入的價值。透過幸福價值最大化，本研究試著幫助戰後嬰兒潮族群成功的在地老化。本研究初探性的結果指出，此系統被證實是有效的，且活動介入有能力增加使用者感受的幸福價值，介入品質和高齡幸福評價被發現有高度關聯性。 / Most of the societies of developed countries are becoming “aging population society”. Technologies that help baby boomers stay healthy become more popular and essential. We propose a wearable-device-based service system that focused not only on vitality but also positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning and accomplishment (PERMA as well-being model). Since the system aims at improving well-being value through activity-based interventions, it is necessary to integrate all the resources within the service system and provide the most appropriate personalized interventions with most expected value to the baby boomers. The system generates those interventions through greedy approach, which means they are generated by local mechanism first and combine them to get the global optimality. In order to measure well-being, which is definitely a multi-dimensional concept, we use an evaluation matrix based on shadow price to compare the value between each intervention, i.e. activities. By the well-being valuation and maximization, we try to make the baby boomers live a successful aging. Our exploratory evaluations show that the system is justified to be effective and activity-based interventions are able to increase baby boomers’ perceived value. The correlation between intervention quality and senior well-being valuation is found along with other findings.

No description available.

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the perceptions of senior administrative and middle manager community college leaders regarding current succession planning and management practices occurring within their institutions. Three research questions guided this study: (1) Is the four succession planning and management components structurally related, (2) Is there a difference in how senior administrative and middle manager leaders evaluate succession planning and management components, and (3) Is there a difference between size and location of institution in regards to status of succession planning and management components? A suitable succession planning and management instrument was not found; therefore, the Wright-Coward Succession Planning and Management Survey (WCSPMS) instrument was developed. An exploratory factor analysis was used to address research question one and test the structural relationship of the common succession planning and management components of the survey. A second statistical procedure, multivariate analysis of variance, was used to analyze differences between the four dependent measures of succession planning and management and leadership level, and institutional factors. Findings from this study suggested (1) items on the WCSPMS instrument are correlated and three relatively independent succession planning and management factors are associated with the 20 underlying items, and (2) there is a statistical significant difference between leadership level in regards to perceptions of succession planning and management practices. Furthermore, this study indicated there is much work to be done by community college leaders in the area of succession planning and management. / text

The objective of this study was to determine (1) if there is a difference between Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y employees’ perceptions of organisational culture and if so, (2) to determine if generational sub-cultures are formed within an organisation as a result of these different perceptions. A quantitative research design was chosen, and employees (n = 455) in a large South African information and communication technologies (ICT) sector company, selected through proportionate, random, stratified sampling, completed the South African Culture Instrument (SACI). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data, and the results of this study indicate that generational sub-cultures can be identified in the organisation, based on significantly different perceptions of five of the seven dimensions of organisational culture examined. This study therefore contributes to the body of knowledge on organisational culture and the formation of sub-cultures at a generational level and can be used to enhance organisational talent and management strategies. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Retiring baby boomers and the lack of interest and awareness among college students to enroll in an accredited Clinical Laboratory Science (CLS) program have created a shortage of CLS professionals in the 21st century. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts 18,000 CLS vacancies by 2018. However, only about 5,000 students graduate from accredited CLS programs each year. The purpose of this study was to explore students' perceptions of allied health professions and factors that influenced students and CLS professionals to select CLS as a profession. Bandura's social cognitive career theory served as the theoretical framework for this phenomenological study. Convenient purposeful sampling was used to select the 7 CLS professionals, 5 high school students, and 5 college students in the Chicago area. Participants took part in either a 30- to 60-minute group session or a 45- to 90-minute semi structured interview. Qualitative analysis included open axial coding to identify emerging patterns and themes from the transcripts. Findings revealed that the perceptions of both high school and college students' knew little about the CLS profession, and factors influencing CLS as a career choice included interests in science, health care, and family. CLS professionals indicated their interests in science and a high demand for CLS services in the workforce led them to pursue careers in the field. Implications for social change include improving professional-development programs for student awareness of allied health professions and mitigating the shortage of clinical laboratory scientists.