Small and medium-sized companies constitute a large part of the Swedish economy and are to a great extent exposed to the developments in the macroeconomy. There is a general consensus that it exists a relationship between these two components, but to what dimension is it true? The aim of this thesis is to evaluate if the number of bankruptcies among small and medium-sized companies can be explained by the situation in the macroeconomy. In order to do so, data have been collected and a multiple linear regression analysis has been accomplished. The result of the analysis suggests that a model of the six macroeconomic factors months, CPI, retail sales, OMX30, total enterprises and liquidated enterprises, can explain the number of bankruptcies to an extent of 64.49%. When comparing the adequacy of other models used to estimate risks of bankruptcy, it is stated that other models are more accurate. Furthermore, we have concluded that the model is useful to bring insight but only when considered in combinations with other models and tools. / Små- och medelstora bolag utgör en stor del av den svenska ekonomin och är i mycket stor utsträckning exponerad mot utvecklingen i makroekonomin. Den generella bilden är att det existerar en relation mellan dessa två komponenter, men till vilken utsträckning är det sant? Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att utvärdera om antalet konkurser bland små- och medelstora bolag kan förklaras av vilket stadium makroekonomin befinner sig i. För att kunna genomföra undersökningen har en multipel linjär regressionsanalys genomförts. Resultatet av analysen visar att en modell bestående av sex oberoende variabler, månader, KPI, detaljhandeln, OMX30, totalt antal bolag och antal likviderade bolag, kan till 64.49% förklara utfallet av antalet konkurser bland små- och medelstora bolag. Jämfört med andra modeller och teorier som används för att beräkna risken av konkurs hos ett bolag uppfyller modellen inte lika hög tillförlitliget. Slutgiltigen föreslås att modellen kan användas i kombination med andra modeller och verktyg för att bidra med insikt och slutsatser.

Объектом в настоящей работе выступает система подготовки кадров для индустрии гостеприимства в Швейцарии. Предмет работы – система подготовки кадров для индустрии гостеприимства. Цель исследования – изучение швейцарской системы образования и особенностей системы подготовки кадров для индустрии гостеприимства с учетом актуальных мировых тенденций. В соответствии с поставленной целью необходимо решить ряд задач: изучить роль персонала в индустрии гостеприимства;  проанализировать мировые тенденции в области подготовки кадров для индустрии гостеприимства;  проанализировать систему образования в Швейцарии и ее особенности;  выявить особенности швейцарской системы подготовки кадров для индустрии гостеприимства и сделать вывод о высоком уровне подготовки специалистов. Методы исследования включают: наблюдение и сравнение, анализ и синтез, структурный метод, метод аналогий, графические и статистические методы и др. Теоретическая и методологическая основа работы включает исследования как зарубежных, так и отечественных ученых, а также практиков в области гостеприимства, сервиса и туризма, менеджмента и управления персоналом, которые отражают проблематику и перспективы совершенствования системы подготовки кадров для индустрии гостеприимства. Научная новизна диссертации заключается в следующем:  в комплексном подходе к изучению образовательной системы Швейцарии; в выявлении системных особенностей подготовки кадров в швейцарских школах гостеприимства. Настоящая магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав и заключения. В первой главе изучена роль персонала в индустрии гостеприимства и проведен анализ трендов и актуальных мировых тенденций в этой области. Во второй главе изучены швейцарская система образования и особенности подготовки кадров для индустрии гостеприимства, опыт швейцарских школ, статистические показатели отрасли и аспекты практико-ориентированного швейцарского подхода. / The object of this work is the training system for the hospitality industry in Switzerland. The subject of the work is a training system for the hospitality industry. The purpose of the study is to study the Swiss education system and the characteristics of the training system for the hospitality industry, taking into account current global trends. In accordance with the goal, it is necessary to solve a number of problems: explore the role of staff in the hospitality industry; analyze global trends in the field of training for the hospitality industry; analyze the education system in Switzerland and its features; to identify the features of the Swiss training system for the hospitality industry and draw a conclusion about the high level of training of specialists. Research methods include observation and comparison, analysis and synthesis, structural method, analogy method, graphical and statistical methods, etc. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work includes research by both foreign and domestic scientists, as well as practitioners in the field of hospitality, service and tourism, management and personnel management, which reflect the problems and prospects of improving the training system for the hospitality industry. The scientific novelty of the thesis is as follows: in an integrated approach to the study of the educational system of Switzerland; in identifying the systemic features of training in Swiss hospitality schools. This master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter explores the role of staff in the hospitality industry and analyzes trends and current global trends in this area. The second chapter examines the Swiss education system and training features for the hospitality industry, the experience of Swiss schools, industry statistics and aspects of the practice-oriented Swiss approach.

The goal of this bachelor thesis has been to evaluate and test the available open source software and commercial hardwarefor potential later use as the electrical system in the ALPHAUAV. ALPHA is a student project, with the goal of building an autonomous drone capable of high altitude, long-endurance missions to gather data from electromagnetic phenomena in the atmosphere. Data later to be used in research at the facility ofSpace and Plasma physics at KTH. The evaluation has been done by constructing of an MVP, to prove that the open source softwareand commercial hardware can be used to build an autonomousUAV. / Målet med denna kandidatuppsats har varit att evaluera och testa öppen källkod tillsammans med kommersiell hårdvara för att potentiellt kunna nyttjas som elektriskt system i ALPHA UAV. ALPHA UAV är ett studentprojekt, med målet att bygga en autonom drönare kapabel att genomföra höghöjdsflygningar med lång uthållighet för att kunna samla in data från elektromagnetiska fenomen i atmosfären. Data som senare kan nyttjas i forskningssyfte på institutionen för rymd-och plasmafysik på KTH. Evalueringen har gjorts genom att konstruera en MVP, för att bevsia att öppen källkod och kommersiell hårdvara kan nyttjas för att bygga en autonom UAV. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2022, KTH, Stockholm

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Denna studie tar upp om det är mer hållbart att renovera en befintlig byggnad eller riva den nuvarande och bygga en ny ur ett klimat perspektiv. Målet är, med hjälp av livscykelanalys, undersöka ämnet. Studien har avgränsats till att fokusera på ekologisk hållbarhet och redovisar endast klimatpåverkan och energibehov. Metoden som har använts är en litteraturstudie där tidigare projekt som stått inför frågan om ätt riva eller renovera?”har beaktats. Dessutom undersöks forskningsartiklar som studerar området. Studien baseras på två svenska skrifter och tre internationella som sedan diskuteras och analyseras. Samtliga artiklar styrker argumentet att renovering är det optimala valet även då nybyggnation kan bidra till energieffektivitet vid driftstadiet. Renovering uppnår i stort sett samma resultat när det gäller energiförbrukning samtidigt som detta alternativ har en lägre klimatpåverkan. / This study will address the sustainability of renovating an existing building compared to demolishing the current one and building a new one. The scope of the study has been limited to ecological sustainability, specifically two parameters; climate impact and energy consumption. The methodology used for this project is a literature study in which previous project essays and research articles investigating the issue of to demolish or renovate?­ is taken into consideration. Where the subject was investigated using a life cycle assessment. This study is based on two Swedish publications and three international ones, which are discussed and analyzed. All included articles support the argument that renovation is the preferred choice, although new construction can contribute to energy efficiency at the operational stage. Compared to demolishing and rebuilding, renovation results in similar energy consumption, while achieving a more modest climate impact.

Four cluster models for a copper(I)oxide (111) surface have been designed, of which three were studied with respect to their applicability in density functional calculations in the general gradient approximation. Formic acid adsorption on these systems was modelled and yielded four different adsorption structures, of which two were found to have a high adsorption energy. The energetically most favourable adsorption structure was further investigated with respect to its decomposition and a few reactions with adsorbed H and OH species using synchronous transit methods to estimate reaction barriers and single point energy calculations for the reaction energy.

Four cluster models for a copper(I)oxide (111) surface have been designed, of which three were studied with respect to their applicability in density functional calculations in the general gradient approximation. Formic acid adsorption on these systems was modelled and yielded four different adsorption structures, of which two were found to have a high adsorption energy. The energetically most favourable adsorption structure was further investigated with respect to its decomposition and a few reactions with adsorbed H and OH species using synchronous transit methods to estimate reaction barriers and single point energy calculations for the reaction energy.:1 Introduction 1.1 Preliminary Work 1.2 Known Reactions and Issues 1.3 Overview of Reactions and Species involved in Formic Acid Decomposition 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 The Schrödinger-Equation 2.2 Density Functional Theory 2.3 Exchange-Correlation Functionals 2.4 The Self-Consistent-Field Procedure 2.5 Geometry Optimization and Transition State Searches 2.6 Kinetics 3 Computational Details 3.1 Synchronous Transit Schemes 3.2 Transition State Searches using Eigenvector Following 4 Model System 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Geometry of the Cu2O cluster structures 5.2 Adsorption of formic acid 5.3 Decomposition and Reaction Paths 5.3.1 Vibrational Analysis of the adsorbed Formic Acid Molecule 5.3.2 Reaction Modelling using Linear Synchronous Transit 5.3.3 Transition State Searches using Eigenvector Following 6 Summary and Outlook

70% of the fresh water and 40% of the earth surface is used for agriculture purposes. Today we throw away nearly every 3rd grocery bag we buy. By doing this we waste a lot of the worlds resources. Only in Sweden we spoil 1.2 billion tons of food every year. 700 000 tons of this is from the households. The biggest source to the waste is single households and families with children, this became the target group for this project. We have to change our behavior to preserve the earth’s resources. The research showed that the biggest reasons that we throw so much food is that we first of all buy too much food. We don’t have time to eat all the food we buy and it get therefore spoiled. This is a consequence from that we don’t see it as a problem. There is a lack of knowledge in how much we throw away and how to store food correctly. We are bad at planning our meals and grocery shopping and we end up with too much food because of this. This project investigates how we can reduce the food waste. The analyzed problem areas was used as a starting point in the ideation. The project focus is during the storing of the food in the households and how to keep track on the food we have. The storing of the food can be divided in three parts, make food last longer, plan the meals and shopping and keep track on the food we have. The final result is the smart food storage. It is a concept that helps the user to get a good overview of the food and to store it in the optimized way. It enables for planning of grocery shopping and helps you keep track on the food you have.

"This study undertakes to determine the relation existing between a group of factors and the status of the history major bachelor graduates of the North Texas State Teachers College from 1919 through 1936"--1.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a potência das Licenciaturas em Música em ressocializar o indivíduo em sua formação musical. Propôs-se a verificação de como esta instância socializadora sanciona a composição do habitus e a construção identitária de jovens professores de música. O estudo abrangeu todas as instituições com o curso de Licenciatura em Música na modalidade presencial no Estado do Paraná, região sul do Brasil. A pesquisa contou com cento e sessenta indivíduos investigados na primeira fase (2015), os quais eram estudantes das séries finais do curso; e destes, dezessete indivíduos foram selecionados para uma entrevista em profundidade, concretizada na segunda fase do estudo (2017). A primeira etapa analítica recebeu um tratamento quantitativo, privilegiando a análise descritiva, seguida da Análise de Correspondências Múltiplas (ACM) e da Análise de Clusters. Esta abordagem visou realizar um mapeamento do gosto cultural dos sujeitos da pesquisa revelando diferentes perfis de gostos e práticas. A segunda etapa analítica teve um processamento de caráter qualitativo, e permitiu encontrar pluralidades de formas de socialização no mundo contemporâneo, que promoveram a construção de identidades com disposições híbridas de habitus, forjadas a partir de diversas matrizes de cultura e em interações humanas significativas. As trajetórias de vida foram marcadas pela presença da música, em situações permeadas de afetos, que colaboraram para a construção de uma linguagem na área. Essa linguagem foi sendo aprimorada a cada fase da vida, num tempo vivido, à medida que os acontecimentos permitiram condições de possibilidades. As Licenciaturas em Música do Paraná foram capazes de promover uma percepção mais crítica e reflexiva acerca do universo musical, o que implicou na manutenção, transformação e ruptura de gostos e práticas. Verificou-se também, que essas socializações universitárias corroboraram na construção de identidades profissionais docentes na área da música. Desta forma, a presente tese contribui com os estudos sociológicos que buscam demonstrar a dualidade de forças entre estruturas e agentes, entre as realidades materiais e as subjetividades. / The objective of this research was to verify the power of the university graduate of Music Education of the State of Paraná (Southern Brazil) in resocialization the musical education of the individuals. It was proposed to analyse how this instance of socialization participated in the composition of habitus of the agents and to construction of identities of young music teachers. The study covered all the institutions with the Bachelor in Music in the State of Paraná, southern region of Brazil. First, a questionnaire was administered to a 160 participants, who were completing their bachelor\'s degree. Then a sub-sample of seventeen participants was selected to do a depth interview. To define profiles of musical tastes and practices, a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was performed, suited by a Clusters Analysis to define types of participants, according their profiles. The qualitative approach of the research allowed to identify pluralities of forms of socialization in the contemporary world, which promoted the construction of identities with hybrid dispositions of habitus, it was minted for many different instances of socialization and in significant human interactions. The life trajectories were stamped by the presence of the music, in situations permeated by affections that collaborated to the construction of a language in the area. This language was being upgraded every stage of life, in a lived time, as the realities promoted conditions of possibilities. The Bachelors in Music in the State of Paraná were able to foment a more critical and reflexive perception about the musical universe, which implied in the maintenance, transformation and rupture of tastes and practices. It was also verified that these university socializations corroborated in the construction of professional identities in the area of music. In this way, the present thesis contribute with the sociological studies that search to demonstrate that the structure and agency as complementary forces.