Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paola Cantarini Queirolo.pdf: 871953 bytes, checksum: cf8c726ccc2cf1c8e47ccdb081b2cbac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-26 / This dissertation was developed with a focus on fundamental rights, the principle of proportionality, philosophy and philosophy of law, to obtain a perspective of humanization of commercial law, allowing for debate and reflection on the design of the new Brazilian Commercial Code through an analysis Legal of socio-economic, developed within the framework of capitalism humanist doctrine. First dealt with the search for a new interpretation of the law, considering its fictional nature, while a product before they will desire, as well as his character autopoietic, postulating a necessary and indissoluble link him with the philosophy and the arts, highlighting what would be the most political among them, since its birth, namely the theater. Thus, we sought a new look in this new interpretation, more sensitive and reflective, launched on commercial law, which would be more closely coupled with humanism and human dignity, right to human rights of otherness, via principle proportionality. This is making the attempt, however difficult that presents itself, for it considers absolutely necessary to reconcile the individualistic and self-centered capitalism with a new humanism, still in gestation, "antropophiliac" to initiate it with him, Also, a new capitalism, humanistic, based on brotherhood, solidarity and human dignity. For the last, it is the analysis of the relationship between the principle of proportionality and human dignity in order to better cope with further questions, crucial, resulting from collisions between fundamental rights and / or fundamental principles, so as to preserve the essence fundamental right of all and the very democratic state, precisely, human dignity, which looms as what's more important to be preserved, preserving us. In a second step, we analyze the issue of flexibility of labor law (working conditions), indicating, in this aspect, the unconstitutionality of the current Bankruptcy and Corporate Restructuring (Law No. 11.101/05) and also Project Brazilian Commercial Code (PL No. 1572/2011), via the principle of proportionality, as understood through unremovable realization of human dignity and democratic state / A presente dissertação de mestrado foi desenvolvida com foco nos direitos fundamentais, princípio da proporcionalidade, filosofia e filosofia do direito, visando alcançar uma perspectiva de humanização do direito comercial, ensejando o debate e a reflexão acerca do Projeto do novo Código Comercial Brasileiro através de uma análise jurídica de cunho sócioeconômico, desenvolvida no marco da doutrina do capitalismo humanista. Primeiramente tratou-se da busca por nova interpretação do direito, considerando sua natureza ficcional, enquanto um produto antes do desejo que da vontade, assim como o seu caráter autopoiético, postulando uma necessária e indissolúvel vinculação dele com a filosofia e com as artes, destacando-se aquela que seria a mais política dentre elas, desde seu nascedouro, a saber, o teatro. Destarte, buscou-se um novo olhar nessa nova interpretação, mais sensível e reflexiva, lançado sobre o direito comercial, o qual passaria a ser conjugado mais estreitamente com o humanismo e com a dignidade humana, logo com os direitos humanos da alteridade, via princípio da proporcionalidade. Trata-se de fazer a tentativa, por mais difícil que se apresente, por considera-la absolutamente necessária, de se conciliar o capitalismo individualista e egocêntrico com um novo humanismo, ainda em gestação, antropofilíaco , para que se instaure com ele, também, um novo capitalismo, humanista, com fundamento na fraternidade, na solidariedade e na dignidade humana. Por derradeiro, faz-se a análise da relação entre o princípio da proporcionalidade e a dignidade humana, visando posteriormente o melhor enfrentamento das questões, cruciais, resultantes de colisões entre direitos fundamentais e/ou princípios fundamentais, a fim de que se preserve o conteúdo essencial de todo direito fundamental e do próprio Estado Democrático de Direito, precisamente, a dignidade humana, que avulta como o que há de mais importante a ser preservado, preservando-nos. Em um segundo momento, é analisada a questão da flexibilização do direito do trabalho (das condições de trabalho), apontando, neste aspecto, as inconstitucionalidades da atual Lei de Falências e Recuperação de Empresas (Lei nº 11.101/05) e também do Projeto de Código Comercial Brasileiro (PL nº 1572/2011), via princípio da proporcionalidade, entendido como meio inafastável de realização da dignidade humana e do Estado Democrático de Direito

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Gonzaga Modesto de Paula.pdf: 875427 bytes, checksum: b4a908614bb8c9e5682088bfcaba5c61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / This research has the purpose of studying the legal measures taken by Brazilian legislation to mitigate the failure of the business activity and its externalities . Focusing on the ineffectiveness and repeal of acts performed by the debtor before the bankruptcy - either as a result of the failure of his/her attempts of reorganization , whether as a result of direct petition of the dissatisfied creditor - the study also comprises the objective , principles and innovations governed by law 11.101/2005 (Bankruptcy Law) . The legal safeguarding of the creditors' rights does not begin on the date of the reorganization petition or declaration of bankruptcy of the insolvent entrepreneur. It extends up to the final legal solution to such business crisis and dates back to the period that precedes the petition of reorganization or the bankruptcy filing. Such assumptions for protection of the creditors rights affected by practices that precede the adjudication of bankruptcy will also be reviewed in this dissertation. Some of the practices of an entrepreneur facing a crisis, justified by the fear of imminent breakdown, could have been considered legal if not for the adjudication of bankruptcy. These are subject of judicial intervention to remove their effectiveness or have them revoked, as a protection to the creditors rights .Such scenario imposes a legal defense against predatory acts of the entrepreneur facing a crisis. This leads to the study of the hypotheses of objective inefficiency and the particulars of the revocation suit till reaching the exceptions to the possibility of declaration of ineffectiveness by the bankruptcy judge. Legal transactions with potential to enforce the attendance of one of the creditors to the detriment of others has received special attention from the legislature which has resulted in a number of practices considered ineffective in relation to the bankrupt estate ( articles 129 , I to VII ) . Besides these legal hypotheses, article 130 of the law decrees the ineffectiveness of any transaction made by the debtor before bankruptcy when it is proven that such practices intend to harm creditors / Esta pesquisa tem por finalidade estudar as medidas jurídicas adotadas pela legislação brasileira para amenizar o insucesso da atividade empresarial e as suas externalidades. Com foco na ineficácia e na revogação dos atos praticados pelo devedor antes da falência quer como resultado do fracasso das suas tentativas de recuperação, quer como resultado de pedido direto de credor não satisfeito o estudo envolve ainda os objetivos, novidades e princípios que regem a Lei n.11.101/2005 (Lei Falimentar). O resguardo legal dos direitos dos credores não começa na data do pedido de recuperação ou de decretação da falência do empresário insolvente, mas se estende até a final solução jurídica da crise empresarial e retroage a período anterior à data do ingresso do pedido de recuperação ou do requerimento de falência. E são essas hipóteses de resguardo do direito dos credores atingidos por atos anteriores à decretação da quebra que também serão avaliadas nesta dissertação. Algumas das condutas do empresário em crise, justificadas pelo temor da quebra iminente, e que poderiam ser consideradas lícitas se não sobreviesse a decretação da falência, são suscetíveis de intervenção judicial para lhes retirar a eficácia ou revogá-las, como medida de proteção aos direitos dos credores. O cenário impõe a defesa judicial contra a ação predatória do empresário em crise e leva ao estudo das hipóteses de ineficácia objetiva e das particularidades da ação revocatória até chegar às exceções à possibilidade de decretação de ineficácia pelo juiz falimentar. Os negócios jurídicos com potencial de fazer prevalecer o atendimento a um dos credores em prejuízo dos demais receberam do legislador uma atenção especial que resultou numa relação de condutas consideradas ineficazes em relação à massa falida (art. 129, I a VII). Além destas hipóteses legais, o art.130 da lei decreta a ineficácia de qualquer negócio realizado pelo devedor, antes da quebra quando provada a prática de atos com a intenção de prejudicar credores

This article addresses the issue referred to the modernization of the regulation on Bankruptcy matters in Peru. The authors propose the adoption of the Model of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law by Peru to help update our national legislation on cross-border insolvency and create more efficient ways of recognizing insolvency proceedings that have been started abroad. Finally, the authors propose the updating of the nomenclature, which are used in certain provisions of the Civil Code, as part of the pending agenda on Bankruptcy Law in Peru. / El presente artículo aborda la temática referida a la modernización de la regulación en materia Concursal en el Perú. Los autores plantean la adopción de la Ley Modelo de la Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional por el Perú para ayudar a actualizar nuestra legislación nacional en materia de insolvencias transfronterizas y crear nuevas formas más eficientes de reconocimiento de procedimientos concursales iniciados en el extranjero. Por último, los autores proponen la actualización de la nomenclatura utilizada en ciertas disposiciones del Código Civil, como parte de la agenda pendiente en materia de Derecho Concursal en el Perú.

Cette thèse porte sur le processus de défaillance des entreprises en Tunisie. L’objectif est d’étudier le sujet d’un point de vue, à la fois, macroéconomique, microéconomique et juridique. Le travail est précédé d’une revue de la littérature axée sur les principaux intervenants dans le processus de faillite : les débiteurs, les créanciers et la législation en matière de faillite.La première partie propose une synthèse des résultats de nombreux travaux de recherche se rapportant, d’une part, aux différentes stratégies fixées par les débiteurs et les créanciers en vue de protéger leurs propres intérêts et d’autre part, à l’efficacité des procédures collectives dans la prévention des éventuelles utilisations opportunistes de la loi. Dans un second temps, la thèse traite le sujet d’un point de vue macroéconomique en cherchant à déterminer l’effet des fluctuations macroéconomiques sur le taux de défaillance en Tunisie sur la période allant de 1997 à 2010. Des variables spécifiques au cas tunisien et exprimant au mieux l’importance des secteurs de l’industrie et du tourisme dans l’économie tunisienne ont été considérées dans le modèle en plus des variables communément utilisées dans la littérature et qui ont prouvé leur rôle relativement significatif dans l’explication des taux de défaillance.La troisième partie de la thèse se concentre sur le niveau d’efficacité des procédures collectives tunisiennes dans la résolution du problème de défaut de paiement. Son efficacité est étudiée de point de vue : i) création de valeur et ce en termes de recouvrement total des créanciers à travers la maximisation de la valeur de l’entreprise défaillante, et ii) recouvrement des créanciers sécurisés. L’intérêt particulier porté sur la classe des créanciers sécurisés (notamment les banques) est justifié par l’importance du secteur bancaire dans le financement des entreprises en Tunisie et par conséquent dans le développement de l’économie tunisienne.La dernière partie de la thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la loi de faillite tunisienne dans le cadre d’une étude comparative avec 18 autres pays européens et non européens.A travers une approche « Law and Finance », dix indices juridiques ont été construits pour « mesurer » dix fonctions de Droit de faillite. Ensuite, des analyses univariée et multivariée ont été menées pour dégager les points de similarité ou de disparité entre les différentes lois de faillite. / This thesis focuses on the Tunisian bankruptcy process. The objective is to treat the subject from a macroeconomic, microeconomic and legal point of view. The work is preceded by a literature review focused on the main actors in the bankruptcy process: debtors, creditors and bankruptcy law. The first part provides a summary of many research results relating on the one hand, to the different strategies set by debtors and creditors to protect their own interests and on the other hand to the effectiveness of the procedures in preventing any opportunistic uses of the law. In the second part, we seek to determine the effect of macroeconomic fluctuations on the failure rate of businesses in Tunisia over the period 1997-2010. The selected variables are those that have been frequently used in the literature and that showed their significant impact onto the rate of corporate failure. Other original variables, more specific to the Tunisian case were considered to account for the importance of industry and tourism sectors in the Tunisian economy. The third part of this thesis focuses on the efficiency of bankruptcy procedures in Tunisia, a country characterized by the importance of its banking sector. We gathered original and unique information on Tunisian firms that went bankrupt between 1995-2009. We find that the Tunisian reorganization procedures are able to generate substantial recoveries, but those are mainly captured by the preferential claims (employees and public claims). This is coherent with the authorities’ willingness to improve social protection, but this raises concerns as the Tunisian firms are mainly financed by bankers. Our analysis shows that the secured creditors are poorly protected under bankruptcy: they rank almost last in the priority order of repayment, and their recovery rate is similar to one of the unsecured creditors. We also find that the rather high level of recovery rate is mainly attributable to the reorganization procedures. We finally find that the court’s choice between reorganization and liquidation is not influenced by the structure of claims. Thus, in Tunisia, the creditors are losing hand once bankruptcy is triggered.To better understand the characteristics of Tunisian bankruptcy procedures, the last part of the thesis offers a comparative study of Tunisian bankruptcy law with 18 other European and non-European countries. Ten legal indexes were constructed through "Law and Finance" approach to "measure" ten functions of bankruptcy law.Univariate and multivariate analyzes were conducted to identify the similarity or disparity points between the various bankruptcy laws.

Au cours du XIXe siècle, le droit de la faillite institué comme un mécanisme de sanction des débiteurs professionnels faillis prend progressivement en compte la situation du débiteur ainsi que sa bonne ou sa mauvaise foi afin d’évaluer son degré de culpabilité. À Lyon, l’évolution de la norme de la faillite et de sa pratique le tribunal de commerce fait apparaître une prise en considération grandissante de l’humanité du débiteur, accompagnée parfois par une réforme légale impulsée par l’initiative des juges consulaires lyonnais. Ceux-ci prennent l’initiative d’instituer des mesures contra legem afin de protéger les commerçants de bonne foi victimes d’une conjoncture provoquant une crise économique majeure qui génère des faillites en cascade.Au lieu de mettre en place une réforme en profondeur du droit de la faillite réclamée par les praticiens, les docteurs, la jurisprudence ainsi que par les justiciables, le législateur n’institue que des mesures provisoires et palliatives. Son inertie renforce la conviction des juges consulaires lyonnais que leur pratique s’impose comme une solution appropriée pour réduire les conséquences néfastes de l’inaction du législateur non seulement sur la situation des commerçants faillis mais aussi sur la société et l’économie de la ville de Lyon. / During the nineteenth century, the bankruptcy law instituted as a sanction mechanism of bankrupt debtors professionals has been gradually taking into account the debtor's situation and his good or bad faith in order to assess the degree of guilt.In Lyon, the evolution of the standard of bankruptcy and practice of the Commercial Court reveals a growing consideration of debtor’s humanity, sometimes accompanied by a legal reform promoted by the initiative of consular judges of Lyon. They take the initiative to institute measures contrary to the law to protect bona fide traders victims of a situation causing a major economic crisis that generates cascading bankruptcies.Instead of putting in place a comprehensive reform of bankruptcy law claimed by practitioners, doctors, case law and by litigants, the legislator establishes only temporary and palliative measures. Its inertia reinforces the conviction of consular judges of Lyon that their practice has established itself as an appropriate solution to reduce the adverse consequences of the inaction of the legislature not only on the situation of failed traders, but also on society and the economy of the city from Lyon.

This thesis first describes the insolvency proceedings in general, explains basic concepts, describes the different stages of insolvency proceedings and introduces the reader to the entitiesin the insolvency process. It also explains what is a bankruptcy and presents possible ways of solving it. The current situation in relation to insolvency proceedings is shown based on the basic statistics. In the next section, the thesis is focused on the classification of debts and the possibility of creditors to submit their claims in an insolvency proceeding. It also deals with special cases that may occur. The final part of the thesis describes an example application of claims in practise, incl. complications that the creditor must solve.

The diploma work deals with the problem of poverty following from overdebtedness of Czech households. Poverty is defined as a strong social handicap leading up to a social exclusion. Overdebtedness means such a financial situation when households are not able to fulfill their financial obligations and thus it concerns especially households with low incomes. In the Czech Republic this fact has been distinguished since the year 2000. The topic of the diploma work points at the development of overdebtedness of Czech households and its evaluation, the size of this problem and the estimation of its further development. It analyses the threat to households leading to a debt trap. It deals with economic impact of state debtedness in connection with that of Czech households. Some attention is paid to the increasing unemployment as one of the strongest causes leading to a state of poverty and consequently to undesirable debtedness showing the evident link between unemployment and overdebtedness. At the same time, the emphasis is put onto individual responsibility and lifelong education as the prevention and solution to unemployment and doubtedness. The phenomenon of overdebtedness of Czech households is understood as a warning signal of the present.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-04-13T00:00:00Z / Analysis and, criticism of the proposed changes in Brazilian bankruptcy legislation based on an empiric study of Brazilian companies under debt rehabilitation (concordata) proceedings during the period from 1992 to 2002. Identification of the main features of the companies that petitioned for concordata (mainly in relation to their profitability) and moreover, identify the companies that were able to recover, using them as a basis to substantiate critical analysis of the bill for the new bankruptcy legislation, and presentation of suggestions to increase the recovery rates of companies facing financial difficulties. Comparison of the proposed changes with the current United States Law (Chapter 11), which is known to be more efficient in the recovery of companies in financial straits. / Análise e crítica das alterações propostas à legislação falimentar brasileira tendo como base o estudo empírico de empresas brasileiras que entraram em concordata no período de 1992 a 2002. Identificação das principais características das empresas que pedem concordata (principalmente quanto a sua lucratividade) e também das empresas que conseguem se recuperar e uso das mesmas como base para uma análise crítica do projeto da nova legislação falimentar, bem como apresentação de sugestões que visem aumentar as taxas de recuperação de empresas em dificuldades financeiras. Comparação das alterações propostas com a legislação norte americana atual (Chapter 11), que é reconhecidamente mais eficiente na recuperação de empresas em dificuldades.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-11T20:23:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dione Valesca Xavier de Assis.pdf: 1222783 bytes, checksum: e4d196cccf62ac4271f5731ebc330d4a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-05-11T20:24:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dione Valesca Xavier de Assis.pdf: 1222783 bytes, checksum: e4d196cccf62ac4271f5731ebc330d4a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-11T20:24:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dione Valesca Xavier de Assis.pdf: 1222783 bytes, checksum: e4d196cccf62ac4271f5731ebc330d4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03 / Este estudo objetiva analisar os processos de recuperação judicial iniciados, desde a vigência da Lei de Recuperação de Empresas (fevereiro de 2005) até 31/06/2011 nas varas empresarias da comarca da capital do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Além da aferição do tempo médio de cada uma das etapas previstas na Lei de Recuperação de Empresas (deferimento do processamento da recuperação judicial, concessão da recuperação judicial e encerramento do processo após cumprimento de todas as obrigações previstas no plano que se vencerem até dois anos depois da concessão da recuperação judicial), busco também verificar se, de fato, alguma sociedade requerente conseguiu se recuperar. Para tanto, considerarei recuperada a sociedade que, após o encerramento do processo, estiver cumprindo plenamente o seu plano de recuperação, sem que tenha havido qualquer requerimento posterior de falência. Considerando que a Lei de Recuperação de Empresas já está no seu sétimo ano de vigência, bem como o fato de o legislador ter idealizado o processo para que dure no máximo 3 anos, entendo não haver óbices à adoção do conceito supra, tendo em vista que já haver tempo suficiente para o início e encerramento desse tipo de processo. Diante disso, o presente estudo observou que o tempo médio para cumprimento das etapas ultrapassa o limite do razoável, bem como que nenhuma sociedade conseguiu se recuperar até o desfecho da pesquisa, havendo casos, inclusive, de convolação da recuperação judicial em falência. / This study focus on analyzing the judicial recovery proceedings from its beginning, since The New Business Restructuring and Bankruptcy Law's effectiveness (February of 2005) until June 31st, 2011, when its use started on the enterprise matters court of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The analyzes will be done through all phases predicted on the New Business Restructuring and Bankruptcy Law, such as the acceptance of the process of Judicial Recovery, the granting of the judicial recovery and the closure of the process after fulfillment of all obligations predicted on the recovery plan in the period limit of 2 years after the granting of the judicial recovery plan. This analyzes also confirm if any Company had in fact been able to recover after this process. For this purpose, it shall be considered recovery a Company that has fulfill it plans after the Regarding the 7th anniversary of The New Business Restructuring and Bankruptcy Law closure of the process without a claim of bankruptcy in this period., as well as the Brazilian Legislator planned processing to last no more than three years, from my point of view there are no reasons which can obstruct the referred concept adoption as there is time enough to initiate and conclude the processing. Therefore, this study had observed that average time to conclude all processing stages exceed the reasonable time and there was no company able to recover itself until the closure of this study, having indeed cases of conversion of the Judicial Recovery into bankruptcy.

Les objectifs du droit de la faillite sont divers. Ils évoluent dans le temps et dans l’espace. Vouloir éliminer le mauvais débiteur qui ne paie pas ses dettes et le punir, garantir le règlement des créanciers, tels sont les objectifs traditionnels. Assurer la survie de l'entreprise et prévenir les difficultés, tels sont les objectifs modernes. La diversité entraîne la hiérarchie des objectifs. L’étude comparative oppose les systèmes pro-débiteur et pro-créancier en fonction de la finalité prioritaire retenue. Elle montre que les objectifs des législations convergent vers le sauvetage des entreprises. Le droit fédéral des Etats-Unis, fondé sur la philosophie du nouveau départ, inspire les législateurs européens. L’analyse économique du droit, renouvelle la question des objectifs du droit de la faillite au regard de l’efficience, critère de légalité. Elle explique la convergence. La recherche de l’efficacité procédurale et substantielle guide l’orientation de la Commission européenne dans l’optique de promouvoir le marché unique. Ainsi, le consensus sur l’objectif de sauvegarde de l’entreprise rend possible l’harmonisation des règles substantielles au niveau européen. La révision du règlement (CE) n°1346/2000 relatif aux procédures d’insolvabilité confirme l’adhésion générale à l’idée de seconde chance. L’opposition entre systèmes pro-débiteur et pro-créancier s’estompe et laisse place à un système mixte. Chaque législation essaye de tendre vers la conciliation des intérêts contradictoires, ce qui entraîne le déplacement de la valeur du respect de la parole donnée, vers le concept plus difficile à cerner, mais qui fonde la force obligatoire des obligations: la confiance. / The objectives of bankruptcy law are varied and evolve over time and situation. Eradicating and punishing bad debtors and guaranteeing payment to creditors are traditional goals. Ensuring the survival of the company and preventing difficulties are modern goals. This diversity leads to a hierarchy of objectives. A comparative study contrasts pro-debtor and pro-creditor systems according to the priority of their identified objectives. It shows that the objective of legislations tends towards the salvaging of companies. Federal US law, founded on the principle of fresh start, inspires laws in Europe. Economic analysis of law reiterates the question of the objectives of bankruptcy law from the perspective of an efficient legal standard, explaining this tendency. The search for procedural and substantial efficiency guides the European Commission in the promotion of a single market. Therefore, consensus on the objective of salvaging the company makes harmonization of the substantive rules at the European level possible. The revision of Regulation (EC) N°1346/2000 on insolvency proceedings confirms the general acceptance of the idea of a second chance. The opposition between pro-debtor and pro-creditor systems diminishes, giving way to a mixed system. Each law attempts to move towards the reconciliation of conflicting interests, leading to the displacement of the value of respect for the word towards the concept, more difficult to define, but which founds binding obligation: trust.