A partir da ideia de uma imanência materialista, a tese procura esboçar um sistema estético que se contraponha aos sistemas estéticos românticos e idealistas (principalmente confrontando-­se com noções provenientes do platonismo e do idea-­ lismo alemão e, também, com algumas noções de M. Heidegger). No percurso da tese são centrais as discussões sobre a possibilidade de se pensar por imagens e so-­ bre as implicações filosóficas, políticas, ideológicas e históricas da necessidade de se embaralhar ciência com poesia. O trabalho, pensado a partir de Ulysses de James Joyce, procura compreender o que as concepções de história, filosofia e política po-­ dem aprender com a experiência da literatura e para isso, a tese analisa principalmente as obras de Homero, Platão, G. Vico, Th. Adorno e B. Espinosa; além desses autores, há uma presença forte das obras de K. Marx e S. Beckett. O trabalho se desdobra a partir do capítulo doze de Ulysses, em que Leopold Bloom se confronta com o cidadão. Este confronto, em um pub de Dublin, é a uma espécie de me-­ tempsicose anacrônica do confronto ente Odisseu e Polifemo na caverna homérica. A tese analisa cinco reencarnações históricas deste confronto cavernoso, respecti-­ vamente seguindo a ordem dos capítulos, temos: cap. I -­ Ulysses de Joyce; cap. II a Dialética do Esclarecimento de Adorno e Horkheimer, principalmente Ulisses ou Mito e Esclarecimento; Cap. III a Ciência Nova de Vico, principalmente A descoberta do Verdadeiro Homero; Cap. IV -­ a Odisséia de Homero interpretada por meio da astu-­ ciosa inteligência da Métis grega; Cap. V -­ Ulysses de Joyce, principalmente o cap. XII do romance. A conclusão procura retraçar o percurso da tese, demonstrando como uma ideia de imanência materialista com base na filosofia de Espinosa esteve implíci-­ ta como o fundamento de nossa proposta de uma Estética da Imanência. / Centred on an idea of materialistic immanence, the thesis aims to outline an aesthetic \"system\" in opposition to the romantic and idealistic aesthetic systems (confronting mainly with aesthetic notions from Platonism and German idealism, but also with some notions from M. Heidegger). In the course of the thesis it is central to discuss about the possibility of thinking through images and the implications for philosophical, political and historical need to mix up science with poetry. The work, conceived regarding James Joyce\'s Ulysses, aims to understand what the conceptions of history, philosophy and politics can learn from the experience of literature, for this, the thesis analyses the works of Homer, Plato, G. Vico, Th. Adorno and B. Spino-­ za, in addition to these authors, there is a strong presence of K. Marx and S. Beckett. The work unfolds from the 12th chapter of Ulysses, where Bloom confronts the citi-­ zen. This confrontation in a Dublin pub is an anachronic \"metempsychosis\" of the confrontation between Odysseus and Polyphemus in the Homeric cave present in the Odyssey. The thesis examines five historical \"reincarnations\" of this cavernous confrontation, following the order of the chapters, we have: ch. I -­ Joyce\'s Ulysses; ch. II -­ Dialectic of Enlightenment, especially \'Odysseus or Myth and Enlightenment\' by Adorno and Horkheimer; ch. III -­ New Science, especially \'The discovery of the True Homer\' by Giambattista Vico; ch. IV -­ Homers Odyssey interpreted through the cunning intelligence of the Greek Métis; ch V -­ Joyce\'s Ulysses, especially chap. XII of the novel. The conclusion of the work aims to retrace the course of the thesis demonstrating how an idea of materialistic immanence based on the philosophy of Spinoza was implicitly the fundament of our Aesthetics of Immanence.

A partir da ideia de uma imanência materialista, a tese procura esboçar um sistema estético que se contraponha aos sistemas estéticos românticos e idealistas (principalmente confrontando-­se com noções provenientes do platonismo e do idea-­ lismo alemão e, também, com algumas noções de M. Heidegger). No percurso da tese são centrais as discussões sobre a possibilidade de se pensar por imagens e so-­ bre as implicações filosóficas, políticas, ideológicas e históricas da necessidade de se embaralhar ciência com poesia. O trabalho, pensado a partir de Ulysses de James Joyce, procura compreender o que as concepções de história, filosofia e política po-­ dem aprender com a experiência da literatura e para isso, a tese analisa principalmente as obras de Homero, Platão, G. Vico, Th. Adorno e B. Espinosa; além desses autores, há uma presença forte das obras de K. Marx e S. Beckett. O trabalho se desdobra a partir do capítulo doze de Ulysses, em que Leopold Bloom se confronta com o cidadão. Este confronto, em um pub de Dublin, é a uma espécie de me-­ tempsicose anacrônica do confronto ente Odisseu e Polifemo na caverna homérica. A tese analisa cinco reencarnações históricas deste confronto cavernoso, respecti-­ vamente seguindo a ordem dos capítulos, temos: cap. I -­ Ulysses de Joyce; cap. II a Dialética do Esclarecimento de Adorno e Horkheimer, principalmente Ulisses ou Mito e Esclarecimento; Cap. III a Ciência Nova de Vico, principalmente A descoberta do Verdadeiro Homero; Cap. IV -­ a Odisséia de Homero interpretada por meio da astu-­ ciosa inteligência da Métis grega; Cap. V -­ Ulysses de Joyce, principalmente o cap. XII do romance. A conclusão procura retraçar o percurso da tese, demonstrando como uma ideia de imanência materialista com base na filosofia de Espinosa esteve implíci-­ ta como o fundamento de nossa proposta de uma Estética da Imanência. / Centred on an idea of materialistic immanence, the thesis aims to outline an aesthetic \"system\" in opposition to the romantic and idealistic aesthetic systems (confronting mainly with aesthetic notions from Platonism and German idealism, but also with some notions from M. Heidegger). In the course of the thesis it is central to discuss about the possibility of thinking through images and the implications for philosophical, political and historical need to mix up science with poetry. The work, conceived regarding James Joyce\'s Ulysses, aims to understand what the conceptions of history, philosophy and politics can learn from the experience of literature, for this, the thesis analyses the works of Homer, Plato, G. Vico, Th. Adorno and B. Spino-­ za, in addition to these authors, there is a strong presence of K. Marx and S. Beckett. The work unfolds from the 12th chapter of Ulysses, where Bloom confronts the citi-­ zen. This confrontation in a Dublin pub is an anachronic \"metempsychosis\" of the confrontation between Odysseus and Polyphemus in the Homeric cave present in the Odyssey. The thesis examines five historical \"reincarnations\" of this cavernous confrontation, following the order of the chapters, we have: ch. I -­ Joyce\'s Ulysses; ch. II -­ Dialectic of Enlightenment, especially \'Odysseus or Myth and Enlightenment\' by Adorno and Horkheimer; ch. III -­ New Science, especially \'The discovery of the True Homer\' by Giambattista Vico; ch. IV -­ Homers Odyssey interpreted through the cunning intelligence of the Greek Métis; ch V -­ Joyce\'s Ulysses, especially chap. XII of the novel. The conclusion of the work aims to retrace the course of the thesis demonstrating how an idea of materialistic immanence based on the philosophy of Spinoza was implicitly the fundament of our Aesthetics of Immanence.

Diss. Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2008.

No último século, a Medicina Científica Moderna experimentou avanços consideráveis. Mas esse desenvolvimento carrega imanente uma causa cujo efeito é um dilema que apresenta duas tendências principais: 1. De um lado, uma força criadora epistemologicamente cartesiana fragmenta o ser humano, prioriza a tecnologia na ação do médico com um enfoque privilegiado no orgânico, na doença. Essa medicina multiplica as especializações e sub-especializações como conseqüência das fugas tecnológicas para frente e das sucessivas fragmentações do seu objeto original (o ser humano); e, no limite, pode engendrar uma ruptura holonômica entre as partes (fragmentos do corpo) e o todo (o paciente como um ser vivendo em sociedade). 2. De outro lado, está colocada uma prática médica generalista, fundamentada em princípios tais como: o paciente é visto como um ser humano; o paciente é portador de uma história de vida social, cultural e religiosa; o processo saúde-doença é considerado resultante das condições biopsicossociais em que vive o paciente; o paciente tem direito de ser atendido em todas as suas necessidades, com ações curativas, preventivas e reabilitadoras; o médico e o paciente devem se comunicar com mútuo entendimento; o médico trabalha com as necessidades do indivíduo e da comunidade. A principal contribuição da presente tese é construir uma base filosóficoepistemológica para embasar o sub-campo da Medicina Generalista. Orientado por esse objetivo, busquei, em Espinosa, a fundamentação de uma ontologia de ser humano para a medicina, podendo assim afirmar, mediado pelo olho imanente, que existe uma ‘ordem’ de-vida para o médico pensar o paciente. Pelas lentes do olho imanente também é possível fazer uma releitura do sub-campo fragmentário. Assim, a epistemologia cartesiana se transforma no ‘oculus speculum’, conferindo um novo sentido às principais características do referido sub-campo da Medicina Científica Moderna. / During the last century the Modern Scientific Medicine experienced notable advances. But, this development carries immanently a cause which effect is a medical dilemma with two trends. On one side an innovative power epistemologically linked to Descartes that fractures the human been, prioryses the technology on the medical intervention with the focus on the organic and the disease. This kind of medicine criates the tendency of sub-specialization as a consequence of the “straight ahead technology scape”, and successive fracturing of the human been as his original subject, that can produce an holonomic rupture among parts and the human been as a whole. The other trend is related to the generalistic medical practice based on other principles: Patient is considered a whole human been; Patients have a historical, social, cultural and religious live; The health-disease process is considered a result from the psycho-bio-social process in which environment the patient lives; Patients have the right to be attended on every necessities; The patient-physician communication is based on mutual comprehension; The physician deals with individual and community problems. The main contribution of this thesis is a philosophical and epistemological basis to the generalist medicine. With that objective, i bring back the Spinoza’s philosophy for to build a ontology of a human been to medicine, and considering this condition and looking through the ‘immanent eye’ we can say that exist a specific ‘live-order’ in with the physician comprehends the patient.

The current enthusiasm for the original and radical democratic nature of Spinoza’s political philosophy is not easy to justify, given the elusive character of his few systematic remarks on democracy. But the Ethics as well as the political writings contain a substantial political theory centered on the figure of the multitudo (or people) that proves useful for current theorizing. It can help to conceive of democracy not only as form-of-state but as form-of-life; it might serve as the starting point for a conception of non-identitarian, “heterogeneous democracy”; and it can provide a model for understanding political philosophy as political ontology.

Ce mémoire interroge la présence de Spinoza dans la production littéraire de Clarice Lispector. La philosophie spinoziste, que la jeune écrivaine a étudiée avant même de composer son premier roman, Près du cœur sauvage (1943), a profondément marqué sa pratique littéraire ainsi que ses préoccupations existentielles. Dans le cadre d’une réflexion sur la présence explicite et implicite de la pensée spinoziste dans ses écrits, ce mémoire porte plus précisément sur les manifestations de la nature dans l’œuvre de Lispector. Parmi les nombreuses assertions fracassantes de L’Éthique, la plus marquante est sans doute celle où Spinoza affirme que Dieu est immanent à la nature, d'après la célèbre formule « Deus, sive Natura », qui suggère que les deux termes sont interchangeables. Ce mémoire examine les articulations de cette idée dans l’écriture de Lispector. La première moitié du mémoire s’attache à montrer que la présence de la philosophie spinoziste dans l’œuvre de l’écrivaine va bien au-delà de l’intertextualité ou de la simple reprise conceptuelle. Elle prend la forme d’une quête d’écriture, qui questionne la possibilité d’exprimer cette vision « spinoziste » de la nature : comment écrire la fusion entre l'esprit humain et la nature dont il fait partie, quand le langage suppose une division entre soi et le monde, une séparation entre sujet et objet ? La seconde partie du mémoire s’intéresse au rôle du langage et aux diverses stratégies d’écriture employées par Lispector dans ses récits et nouvelles. Une analyse des différents procédés littéraires au moyen desquels l’écrivaine met en scène le rapport de l’esprit humain à la nature souligne l’importance de la littérature comme modalité de la pensée. / This study questions the presence of Spinoza in the literary work of Clarice Lispector. Spinoza’s philosophy, which the young writer studied even before composing her first novel, Near the Wild Heart (1943), permeated her literary practice as well as her existential concerns. As a reflection on the explicit and implicit presence of Spinozism in her writings, this study focuses more specifically on the manifestations of nature in Lispector’s literary work. Among the many groundbreaking assertions of the author of The Ethics, the most striking deals with Spinoza’s assertion that God is immanent in nature, according to the famous "Deus, sive Natura", a formula suggesting that the two terms are interchangeable. The first half of the thesis aims to show that the presence of Spinozist philosophy in the work of the writer goes well beyond mere intertextuality or conceptual repetition, but questions the possibility of expressing this "Spinozist" vision of nature in language: how does one write the fusion between human mind and nature, of which it is a part, when language presupposes a division between the self and the world, a separation between subject and object? The second half examines the place of language in the expression of this vision and the various writing strategies used in Lispector’s short stories and novels. An analysis of the different literary processes by means of which the writer stages the relationship between the human mind and nature underscores the importance of literature as a modality of thought.

Desde a Modernidade, a Educação vem pautando suas práticas no racionalismo exacerbado, excluindo da vida do aluno a sensibilidade e a emoção. Os resultados deste culto à divisão mente/corpo se fazem presentes hoje na sociedade através do sentimento de incompletude e de busca do ser humano, da crescente violência e indiferença da sociedade, e da desvalorização das questões referentes à ética e à espiritualidade. Como uma tentativa de resgate da completude do Ser, e do alcance da conseqüente cura da sociedade, surge um novo paradigma, o qual busca a reintegração mente-corpo através da abordagem multidimensional do homem e da educação integral. Este trabalho de pesquisa enfoca o Projeto de Potencialização e Enriquecimento – PROPEN – do Colégio Militar de Porto Alegre, o qual é direcionado a alunos que apresentam indicadores de altas habilidades e que, através das contribuições desta nova proposta educacional, a abordagem holística, ampliou seu fazer pedagógico de modo a contemplar não apenas o lado racional do aluno, mas sim o seu Ser integral – seus aspectos mental, físico, emocional e espiritual. Tomando como base do trabalho as Ferramentas para Pensar de Edward de Bono e o legado filosófico que Espinosa nos deixou em sua Ética, esta investigação busca analisar algumas atividades propostas por este projeto aos seus alunos, a fim de esclarecer seus reflexos, seu alcance e sua validade. Como instrumentos de pesquisa foram utilizadas bioeletrografias registradas antes e depois das atividades propostas, as quais são analisadas sob a luz da Semiótica, e a análise de questionários respondidos pelos alunos e por seus pais. Os achados desta pesquisa apontam que a educação pelo sensível e pelo autoconhecimento, através de práticas que buscam a integração mente-corpo, configura-se em uma contribuição positiva para a formação do indivíduo como um todo, ampliando sua perspectiva em relação a si mesmo e aos seus semelhantes. / Since Modernity, Education has been developing its practice based on exaggerated rationalism, excluding sensitivity and emotion from students’ life. The results of this cult of mind/body division can be seen today through man’s feeling of incompleteness and search, through increasing violence and indifference in society and through the devaluation of questions concerning ethics and spirituality. As an attempt to rescue the completeness of the Being, and the consequent cure for society, a new paradigm rises, one which searches for mind-body integration through the multidimensional approach of man and integral education. This research focus on Projeto de Potencialização e Enriquecimento (Enrichment and Potential Development Project) – PROPEN – held by Colégio Militar de Porto Alegre ( Porto Alegre Military School), which is directed to students who present traits indicative of talent potential, and which has broadened its pedagogical practice, through the contributions of holistic approach in order to encompass not only the rational side of students but also their whole Being – their mental, physical, emotional and spiritual aspects. Taking as basis for work development the Thinking Tools created by Edward de Bono and the legacy that Spinoza left us in his Ethics, this investigation aims at analyzing some activities proposed by this Project to its participants, in order to throw light on its reflections, reach and validity. Kirlian photographies taken before and after the activities proposed, which are analyzed in the light of Semiotics, and the analysis of questionnaires answered by the students and by their parents were used as research instruments. The findings of this research suggest that the education that searches for the development of sensitivity and self-knowledge, by means of practices that aim at mind-body integration, contributes positively to the growth of the person as a whole, broadening their perspective in relation to themselves and to others alike.

Ce mémoire propose une analyse de l’imagination, ou connaissance du premier genre, dans la philosophie de Baruch Spinoza, qui vise à mettre de l’avant son rôle de constitution du réel. Pour ce faire, nous aborderons la manière dont la pensée de Spinoza a évolué, en nous inspirant des thèses d’Antonio Negri. Cela nous permettra d’apercevoir chez Spinoza le développement d’un concept d’imagination qui soit essentiellement positif et constitutif, et seulement accidentellement cause de l’erreur. Nous expliquerons ainsi les causes de l’interruption de la rédaction de l’Éthique pour celle du Traité théologico-politique, en exposant la double nécessité (à la fois socio-politique et philosophique) qui impose à Spinoza le thème de la positivité de l’imagination, à travers laquelle le monde se constitue lui-même, sans besoin aucun de transcendance. Nous verrons ainsi avec Negri que c’est l’imagination qui permet à Spinoza d’enfin concevoir pleinement l’immanence. Le rôle constitutif de l’imagination est chez Spinoza à la fois ce qui résulte et ce qui lui permet de dépasser l’horizon philosophique traditionnel désirant organiser le monde par la Totalité, ou la Substance, qui conserverait toujours dans cet horizon une trace de transcendance par rapport au monde qui est à organiser. Par la suite, nous définirons l’imagination, en nous appuyant principalement sur le texte de l’Éthique, avant d’exposer le processus constitutif du réel qui lui est propre. Nous montrerons ainsi la portée de la puissance constitutive de l’imagination, en expliquant le processus de constitution des objets, du temps, du sujet pratique, à travers l’habitude et la mémoire, puis la constitution de toute forme de société et de toute vie sociale à travers l’imitation des affects. Nous terminerons ce parcours en jetant un regard sur les thèses politiques qui découlent immédiatement du rôle constitutif de l’imagination, et qui répondent à l’exigence socio-politique qui a poussé Spinoza, face à l’intolérance religieuse et au retour sauvage de la monarchie en Hollande, à se pencher sur ces questions. / This work offers an analysis of the concept of imagination, also called knowledge of the first kind, in order to put forward its constitutive role. For this, we will first discuss the way Spinoza’s philosophy evolved, following Antonio Negri’s interpretation. We will then account for Spinoza’s approach of imagination, making it essentially positive and constitutive, and only accidentally the origin of error. With this, we will explain what causes Spinoza to interrupt his work on the Ethics to write the Theological-Political Treatise, by exposing the need (both socio-political and philosophical) forcing Spinoza to develop imagination’s positivity and power, through which the world constitutes itself without any transcendence whatsoever. We will see, along with Negri, that this positive concept of imagination enables Spinoza to fully embrace immanence. This is how he can go beyond the traditional philosophical horizon which wants the world to be organized by Totality or, in Spinoza’s case, by the Substance, which in this horizon always retains a hint of transcendence. Subsequentially, we will define imagination, mainly from the Ethics, and then we will present the scope of imagination’s constitutive power by presenting the process by which are constituted objects, subjects and time, by means of habit and memory, and then the process by which are constituted all kinds of society and even all types of social life, by means of imitation of the affects. We will conclude our research by looking at the political theory immediately resulting of imagination’s constitutive role. This will also reveal how Spinoza’s positive concept of imagination answers the socio-political need that motivated him, while witnessing religious intolerance and the resurgence of monarchy in Holland, to reorient his work towards these questions and towards the role of imagination.

Ce mémoire tente de faire une analyse de la philosophie de Spinoza sous le prisme d’une lecture féministe et, subséquemment, de proposer une nouvelle manière d’interpréter le philosophe. Dans un premier temps, principalement grâce aux travaux de Moiras Gatens, Genevieve Lloyd et Hasana Sharp, mais aussi ceux d’Alexandre Matheron, Étienne Balibar, Antonio Negri et Michael Hardt, cette recherche effectue une critique des aspects misogynes de la philosophie de Spinoza. Pour ce faire, nous mettons en relief les incohérences relatives à cette misogynie. Dans un second temps, en comparant les travaux des philosophes.esses susmentionné.es à une interprétation libérale de Spinoza, nous examinons en quoi la lecture féministe est la plus pertinente dans le cadre de cette recherche. Par la suite, il est question d’une réinterprétation des concepts de connaissance de soi, d’individu et de multitude. Par cela, nous abordons l’approche de Lloyd sur la question de la différenciation sexuelle. Dans un troisième temps, nous tentons de prendre l’analyse spinoziste pour expliquer et critiquer certaines problématiques contemporaines. Par la définition de l’hégémonie offerte par Hardt et Negri, nous verrons en quoi la formation d’une norme ne nécessite pas d’être quantitativement importante. Suivant la lecture de Gatens de Spinoza, nous voyons par ailleurs comment le corps masculin blanc fut érigé comme hégémonie, soit comme norme qui définit dans l’imaginaire commun le corps neutre. Finalement, nous tentons une critique de l’hégémonie qui, par le biais d’une lecture féministe de Spinoza, permet une production d’un nouvel imaginaire commun. Cette approche repose sur une analyse de la liberté et de la responsabilité que nous trouvons dans la lecture de Gatens de Spinoza, ainsi que la question de la connaissance de soi développé par Lloyd. / This master’s thesis attempts to analyze Spinoza's philosophy through the prism of a feminist reading and, subsequently, to propose a new way of interpreting this philosopher. In the first place, mainly thanks to the works of Moiras Gatens, Genevieve Lloyd, and Hasana Sharp, but also to those of Alexandre Matheron, Étienne Balibar, Antonio Negri, and Michael Hardt, this research criticizes Spinoza's philosophy in its misogynistic aspects. To do so, we highlight the inconsistencies related to this misogyny. In the second place, by comparing the works of the above-mentioned philosophers with a liberal interpretation of Spinoza, we examine how the feminist reading is the most relevant for this research. Subsequently, a reinterpretation of the concepts of self-knowledge, of the individual, and of the multitude is discussed. Through this, we address Lloyd's approach to the question of sexual differentiation. In the third place, we try to take the spinozist’s philosophy to explain and criticize some contemporary issues. Through the definition of hegemony offered by Hardt and Negri, we will see how the formation of a norm does not need to be quantitatively important. Following Gatens' reading of Spinoza, we also see how the white male body has been erected as hegemonial, that is, as a norm that defines what the neutral body is in the shared imagination. Finally, we attempt a critique of hegemony which, through a feminist reading of Spinoza, allows for the production of a new shared imaginary. This approach is based on an analysis of freedom and responsibility that we find in Gatens' reading of Spinoza, as well as in the question of self-knowledge developed by Lloyd.

No description available.