Duet playing should form an integral part of the development of all young pianists. Personal development, reduction of performance anxiety and skills such as listening, rhythmic stability and sight-reading are but a few components that can be improved through duet playing. Piano playing is mostly a lonely activity and one of the best ways to counteract this isolation is to become involved in collaborative musicianship through duet playing. The piano duet has an extended history, beginning in the Pre-Baroque and reaching its pinnacle during the Romantic period. After dwindling interest in the early twentieth century, renewed attention has recently been given internationally to duet playing and composition, resulting in large numbers of new duet publications. It is a matter of concern that duet playing is sadly neglected in the tuition of many beginners. This may be due to factors such as lack of knowledge of duet repertoire, difficulty in obtaining such repertoire and problems with incorporating still another aspect in the piano lesson. To provide some guidelines for the teacher, practical considerations such as partner compatibility, leadership, repertoire and publication choice, memorising, page turning and the preparation process have been investigated. Technical aspects are dealt with because adjustments are needed during duet playing compared to solo playing. These include seating, the position of the arms and hands, fingering, dynamic variety, balance, timing and the use of pedal. A factor contributing to the neglect of incorporating duet playing in teaching seems to be the difficulty in sourcing appropriate repertoire. Duet publications generally offer only limited guidelines concerning grading whereas duet repertoire lists include mostly advanced compositions using undefined grading over a broad spectrum. Beginner repertoire is seldom referred to in duet repertoire lists, which complicates the process of finding appropriate beginner repertoire. The fact that sheet music suppliers only have a limited variety of duet publications available exacerbates the problem. The researcher has endeavoured to find a solution for this problem by devising a selective syllabus of beginner duets. Because no relevant grading system is available, such a system had to be devised. The publications of six well-known piano beginner methods were analysed to establish the basic sequence in which musical concepts are introduced to the beginner pianist. Following these guidelines a grading system of eight levels has been developed. A search for duet repertoire has been undertaken by scrutinising a piano curriculum, various piano duet examination syllabi as well as the researcher’s duet collection, and by investigating the availability of repertoire in libraries, sheet music suppliers and on the Internet. Subsequently suitable duets were played and graded. The outcome of this dissertation is a suggested graded duet syllabus for the beginner pianist. A compact disc of selected piano duets performed by the author and a partner is included. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Music / unrestricted

'n Omvattende literatuurstudie oor die funksionering en ontwikkeling van die brein is onderneem ten einde toepasbare aspekte te identifiseer vir die verbetering van aanvangsonderrig vir pianiste. Die oorsig behels die volgende: <ul> <li>Die benutting van die jong brein se vermoë tot plastiese verandering as gevolg van stimulasie</li> <li>Die belangrikheid van vroeë aanvangsouderdom vir klavieronderrig</li> <li>Die bestaan van 'n geleentheidsvensterperiode vir die ontwikkeling van optimale Prestasie</li> <li>Die ontwikkeling van absolute toonhoogtesin as gevolg van vroeë aanvangsklavieronderrig</li> <li>Die ontwikkeling van verbeterde tegniese vaardighede as gevolg van vroeë Aanvangsklavieronderrig</li> <li>Die belangrikheid van genoegsame herhaling vir die vaslegging van tegniese vaardigheid en informasie in die langtermyngeheuestore van die brein</li> <li>Interaksie tussen die invloed van omgewingsfaktore en die bydrae van genetiese potensiaal van die individu vir optimale musikale prestasie</li> <li>Die rol en invloed van emosie, chemiese oordragstowwe en hormone op musicale prestasie</li> <li>Groepsmusiekonderrig vir jong kinders</li> <li>Die onderlinge verhouding tussen onderwyser en leerder.</li></ul> Die leerstylmodel van Ned Herrmann vir heelbreinontwikkeling is gebruik om die karaktereienskappe en leerbehoeftes van individue met betrekking tot hul kognitiewe leervoorkeure te bepaal. Vier verskillende benaderings tot aanvangsklavieronderrig is geïdentifiseer. Die geskiktheid van die onderskeie aanvangsbenaderings word teenoor mekaar opgeweeg ten einde te bepaal of 'n spesifieke benadering beter sou pas by leerders met spesifieke leervoorkeure. Wenke word voorsien aan klavieronderwysers oor hoe om onderrig aan leerders met uiteenlopende kognitiewe leerstyle aan te bied. Twee-en-twintig beginnersboeke is evalueer ten opsigte van hul geskiktheid vir gebruik vir leerders met verskillende kognitiewe leervoorkeure. Aanbevelings word gemaak vir die samestelling van 'n ideale beginnersboek wat met sukses vir alle klavierleerders gebruik sal kan word. Die toegevoegde waarde van prelees, duetpartye, nabootsspel, improvisasie en illustrasies vir beginnersboeke is ondersoek. Aspekte soos geordende aanbieding van konsepte en die noodsaak vir uitgebreide herhaling vir die vaslegging van die informasie en tegniese vaardighede in die langtermyngeheuestore van die brein word beklemtoon. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Music / unrestricted

School-based induction programmes largely focus on informing beginner teachers about the school culture and infrastructure, yet, the core business of education is teaching and learning. A consensus is, however, growing among educators and researchers that despite the positive experiences novice teachers experience during school-based induction programmes, they also experience challenges which affect their perceptions of school-based induction. Despite those challenges in the education sector, hope for the future, as guided by Vision 2030, still remains with one essential human resource: the teachers themselves. Therefore, if novice teachers are to impact profoundly on the learners’ academic achievement, then quality induction programmes must be in place in Namibian schools in order to support their instructional growth. A comprehensive nation-wide induction effort with high emphasise on mentoring will accelerate novice teacher efficacy and consequently learner learning. The purpose of this research study was to identify beginner teachers’ perceptions of school-based induction at selected primary schools in Windhoek and suggested a framework which may inform future research efforts and improve the application of school-based induction. To do this, a qualitative research methodology was preferred to assess the perceptions of novice teachers at the selected schools. Eight beginner teachers and four Heads of Departments participated in the study. The result draws attention to the professional enculturation of beginner teachers, but notably, compels practical reconsideration on how school-based induction is practised in light of beginner teacher growth and sustainability. / Educational Management and Leadership / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

This thesis addresses the issue of the interplay of product form changes and experience in simultaneous interpreting from English into Czech comparing students and graduates in Interpreting. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic overview of language form errors in simultaneous interpretation performed by interpreters on different stages of acquiring interpreting skills. The study is divided into two sections - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical section introduces the current state of knowledge and the findings of previous studies concerning product form changes on a language level in simultaneous interpreting. The present study is based on the assumption that growing experience and regular interpreting excercise improve interpreter's output form achieving thus a smooth and fluent interpreting perfomance without any language disfluencies unpleasant to the listener. The study also addresses listener's perception of the language form of interpreter's output with all of its potential infelicities. The empirical section consists of an experiment which is divided into two parts. The first part aims at classifying and quantifying product form changes in simultaneous interpreting performed by three groups of interpreters - beginning students, advanced students and graduates in...

Where do beginner readers read in the English, mainstream primary school and where could they read? Emma Jane Dyer This thesis explores design for the beginner reader in Year One by evaluating existing spaces in the English primary school and imagining new ones. Three significant gaps identified in the literature of reading, the teaching of reading and school design are addressed: the impact of reading pedagogies, practices and routines on spatial arrangements for beginner readers inside and beyond the classroom; a theoretical understanding of the physical, bodily and sensory experience of the beginner reader; and the design of reading spaces by teaching staff. The study uses a design-oriented research methodology and framework proposed by Fällman. A designed artefact is a required outcome of the research: in this case, a child-sized, semi-enclosed book corner known as a nook. The research was organized in three phases. First, an initial design for the nook was created, based on multi-disciplinary, theoretical research about reading, school design and architecture. Secondly, empirical research using observation, pupil-led tours and interviews was undertaken in seven primary schools to determine the types of spaces where readers read: spaces that were often unsuitable for their needs. Thirdly, as a response to the findings of phases one and two, the nook was reconceived to offer a practical solution to poorly-designed furniture for reading in schools and to provoke further research about the ideal qualities of spaces for the beginner reader. The study demonstrates how the experience of the individual reader is affected by choices made about the national curriculum; by the size of schools and the spaces within them where readers can learn; by the design of classrooms by teachers; and by regulatory standards for teaching and non-teaching spaces. In developing a methodology that can stimulate and facilitate communication between architects, educators, policy-makers and readers, this thesis offers a valuable contribution to the ongoing challenge of improving school design for practitioners and pupils.

Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de comprendre l’influence des parcours de formation initiale en éducation à la santé sur la professionnalisation des enseignants débutants. La multiplicité de ces parcours au sein du Master « Métier de l’Enseignement, de l’Éducation et de la Formation » (MEEF) repose sur la filière choisie (1er ou 2nd degré), la mention (Professeur des écoles, Conseiller Principal d’Éducation, Professeur de Lycées et Collèges), le statut de l’enseignant débutant (étudiants ou fonctionnaire stagiaire) et le site de formation. La professionnalisation des enseignants débutants est envisagée dans une perspective de développement professionnel qui permet de prendre en compte le parcours de formation, l’enseignant débutant et l’objet éducation à la santé dans toute sa complexité. La psychologie ergonomique a été retenue comme cadre théorique pour décrire les produits et processus de ce développement. Les études conduites visent à investiguer les tâches comprises et appropriées des enseignants débutants ainsi que les processus et les facteurs corrélés. Au plan de la stratégie de recherche, c’est une approche fondée sur les méthodes mixtes qui a été choisie. Trois études ont été conduites, elles s’appuient sur les méthodes de collecte de données suivantes : un suivi longitudinal par questionnaire, un recueil par journal de bord et des instructions au sosie en prenant en compte différentes temporalités et parcours de formation. Nos résultats montrent que l’offre de formation en éducation à la santé diffère fortement d’un parcours de formation à l’autre. Ceci impacte le processus de redéfinition de la tâche. Il semblerait que les savoirs théoriques influencent plutôt les caractéristiques de la tâche comprise (but(s), objets santé et éducation à la santé, propriété(s)) alors que les expériences avec les élèves influencent davantage les caractéristiques des enseignants débutants (intérêt, sentiment de compétences, place accordée à l’éducation à la santé dans la future pratique). L’appropriation de la tâche, lorsqu’elle a lieu, confirme l’adoption d’une perspective promotrice de santé. Elle a pour objectif la construction des compétences de base en santé, la prise en compte des élèves dans le processus éducatif et une attention à l’environnement dans lequel prennent place les interventions. Les significations avancées, alors, sont plutôt en référence aux expériences professionnelles et de formation et moins en référence aux facteurs individuels. Nous concluons que le caractère alternatif et intégrant de la formation initiale serait le moteur du développement et de la professionnalisation des enseignants débutants en éducation à la santé / This PhD aims to understand how pre service education programmes in health education might have an impact on young teachers' professionalization. The diversity of training programmes at stage in the Master « Métier de l'Enseignement, de l'Education et de la Formation » (MEEF) depends on the chosen degree (1er ou 2nd degré), the type (Professeur des écoles, conseiller principal d'éducation, professeur de lycées et collèges), young teacher's status, (étudiants ou fonctionnaires stagiaires) and place where students are trained. This professionalization has to be seen from a professionnal development's prospect that enables us to take into account the training programme, as well as young teachers and the complexity of health education. Ergonomic psychology has been chosen as a theoretical frame to describe products and processes of this development. Studies seek to approach the tasks understood and grasped by young teachers as well as the various processes involved and factors closely connected. The MMR strategy consists of a longitudinal follow-up, by questionnaires, a sort of logbook gathering all the information and peer's instructions taking into account the various time factors and training programmes. Our results show that health education's training plans can reveal great variations from one training programme to another and influence the task's redefining process. It seems that theoretical knowledges would rather impact on the way the task is understood, whereas practical experiences with pupils would strongly impact on young teachers characteristics (interest, self-confidence feeling, health education's relevance in the forthcoming practice.) The task appropriation when it does take place, confirms the adoption of a promotive health's perspective which aims to build the health skills grounds, pupils careful consideration, and an environmental awareness where practices take place. The advanced justifications refer to professional and training experiences, rather than to individual factors. To conclude, it is indeed the alternative and incorporating nature of the pre service education that seems to act as the driving force of the young teachers 'development and professionalization, regarding health education

School-based induction programmes largely focus on informing beginner teachers about the school culture and infrastructure, yet, the core business of education is teaching and learning. A consensus is, however, growing among educators and researchers that despite the positive experiences novice teachers experience during school-based induction programmes, they also experience challenges which affect their perceptions of school-based induction. Despite those challenges in the education sector, hope for the future, as guided by Vision 2030, still remains with one essential human resource: the teachers themselves. Therefore, if novice teachers are to impact profoundly on the learners’ academic achievement, then quality induction programmes must be in place in Namibian schools in order to support their instructional growth. A comprehensive nation-wide induction effort with high emphasise on mentoring will accelerate novice teacher efficacy and consequently learner learning. The purpose of this research study was to identify beginner teachers’ perceptions of school-based induction at selected primary schools in Windhoek and suggested a framework which may inform future research efforts and improve the application of school-based induction. To do this, a qualitative research methodology was preferred to assess the perceptions of novice teachers at the selected schools. Eight beginner teachers and four Heads of Departments participated in the study. The result draws attention to the professional enculturation of beginner teachers, but notably, compels practical reconsideration on how school-based induction is practised in light of beginner teacher growth and sustainability. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

Text in Afrikaans / Die studie poog om die doeltreffendheid van beginneronderwysers se aanpassing en ervaring van werksbevrediging in werksomstandighede te hersien. Enige organisasie kan nuwe mense aanstel maar kan nie verwag dat hierdie "aanstelling" hul beste werk lewer en doelwitte bereik voordat die persoon aangepas is in sy werk, omgewing en by sy kollegas nie (Steyn & Van Niekerk 2008:205, Steyn 2004:82, Whitaker 2001:7, Arends & Phurutse 2009:7). Beginneronderwysers moet leiding en ondersteuning ontvang om so gou as moontlik effektief by die skool in te skakel sodat hulle 'n produktiewe bydrae kan lewer ten opsigte van opvoeding en onderrig vir leerders en die onderwys in Suid-Afrika. Met hierdie navorsing wil die navorser dus ondersoek in stel om te bepaal of beginneronderwysers goed genoeg toegerus word om aan te pas en in te skakel by werksomstandighede en of hulle werksbevrediging ervaar. Die navorsingstudie is gedoen deur agt beginneronderwysers in vier laerskole in die Gert Sibande-streek van Mpumalanga te betrek. In hierdie studie maak die navorser gebruik van die kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering. Die kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode is die geskikste metode om die ervarings van beginneronderwysers te beskryf. Individuele onderhoudvoering is dat data insamelingstegnieke gebruik om vas te stel wat die aard, omvang en moontlike oplossings is vir die navorsingsprobleem. Die navorsingstudie het bevind dat die beginneronderwyser begeleiding en ondersteuning benodig tydens inskakeling. Positiewe strategieë sluit in inskakelingsprogramme, handleidings asook ervare toegewysde mentors. Uit die bevindinge van die navorsing is daar ongetwyfel 'n sterk behoefte aan leiding en ondersteuning vir beginneronderwysers om effektief in te skakel by die skool. Beginneronderwysers moet bemagtig word om optimaal te kan ontwikkel, hulself te bevorder en te kan handhaaf in die onderwys in Suid-Afrika. / The study aims to review the effectiveness of novice teachers' adaptation and experience of job satisfaction in working conditions. Any organisation can appoint new people but cannot expect that this "appointment" to do their best work and reach goals before the person has been adapted in his work environment and to his colleagues (Steyn & Van Niekerk 2008: 205, Steyn 2004: 82, Whitaker 2001: 7 Arends & Phurutse 2009: 7). Beginner teachers should receive guidance and support quickly and effectively as soon as possible at school so they have a productive contribution to education and training for students and education in South Africa. This research would therefore examine to determine whether novice teachers are well equipped enough to adapt and to participate in working conditions and whether they experience job satisfaction. The research study was conducted by involving eight novice teachers in four primary schools in the Gert Sibande region of Mpumalanga. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative approach. The qualitative research method is the most appropriate way to describe the experiences of novice teachers. The data collection techniques that were used included individual interviews to determine the nature, extent and possible solutions to the research problem. The research study found that the new teacher needed guidance and support during integration. Positive strategies for guidance include induction programs, manuals and experienced dedicated mentors. From the findings of the research, there is a strong need for guidance and support for beginning teachers to be involved in the school. Beginner teachers should be empowered to develop their potential, to promote themselves and to maintain in education in South Africa. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)