Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade de Brasília, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2009. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2012-01-31T11:40:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_AmauryJorgeLinsLeal.pdf: 1335482 bytes, checksum: 7f8a5baa3d58ebcbf79670c30edc6f8d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elzi Bittencourt(elzi@bce.unb.br) on 2012-02-07T09:03:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_AmauryJorgeLinsLeal.pdf: 1335482 bytes, checksum: 7f8a5baa3d58ebcbf79670c30edc6f8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-07T09:03:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_AmauryJorgeLinsLeal.pdf: 1335482 bytes, checksum: 7f8a5baa3d58ebcbf79670c30edc6f8d (MD5) / Este trabalho analisa a adaptação do filme (fenômeno) feita pelo cineasta Walter Lima Junior do romance Inocência do Visconde Taunay. Nela observamos a presença de características barrocas. O conceito de Trauerspiel (Idéia) -- Drama Barroco -- e que significa também representação do luto e tragédia, foi retirado do livro Origem do drama barroco alemão de Walter Benjamim. Esse conceito dá suporte teórico e justifica análise pelos elementos encontrados no filme como, por exemplo, a construção de alegorias barrocas. A alegoria barroca com seu conteúdo histórico e, portanto temporal, nos mostra o local da ação no filme em processo de desagregação e crise de valores e é o seu componente expressivo. O jogo de luz e de sombra é o principal e faz parte, entre outros elementos, dessa construção alegórica, criando a atmosfera lutuosa característica do Drama Barroco presente no filme do diretor brasileiro. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This paper analyses the cinematographic adaptation (phenomenon) of the novel Inocência, written by Visconde de Taunay, made by filmmaker Walter Lima Junior, where the presence of baroque characteristics can be traced. The concept of Trauerspiel (idea), tragic drama, that also has the meaning of mourning and tragedy, had gotten in the book The Origin of German Tragic Drama by Walter Benjamim. This concept offers theoretician support and justifies the analyses by film elements like, for instance, the construction of baroque allegories. In the movie, the Baroque Allegory - with its historic content, therefore temporal - shows the place of action in a process of disintegration and values crisis that is its expressive component. The contrast between light and shadow is the main element that, among others, takes part in this allegoric construction, creating the mournful atmosphere characteristic of the tragic drama found in the Brazilian director‟s movie.

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Dans les années 1930, Walter Benjamin et Theodor W. Adorno sont les premiers théoriciens à appréhender l'objet d'art dans une perspective critique. Persuadés que les conditions d'existence de l'homme moderne sont marquées du sceau de la contradiction, ils inaugurent une pensée de l'oeuvre d'art qui fait de cette dernière un condensé paradoxal de tous les antagonismes sociaux. Le problème qu'ils soulèvent est alors clair : comment l'art peut-il simultanément préfigurer un échappement à l'égard de la barbarie sociale et réfléchir l'exploitation à l'oeuvre dans la civilisation ? Le présent mémoire propose d'analyser le débat théorique entre Benjamin et Adorno dans la mesure où il nous fournit la clé de l'élucidation de ce statut problématique de l'art moderne. En proposant une analyse comparative des perspectives benjamienne et adornienne, il s'agira de montrer que ces dernières définissent les lignes de force d'une esthétique critique qui, non seulement rend compte des contradictions que la modernité artistique fait peser sur l'expérience humaine, mais explore aussi les possibilités qui émergent de ces contradictions.

Zugl.: Diss.

Collage is presented as an allegoric art-form sui generis, considering allegory itself as an open-ended form of art. The research provides a suggestion to a different understanding of collage i.e.: as a catalyst for a search for structure and semiotic relationships in an attempt to overcome a constant disordered expansion of an intertextual web and hermeneutic possibilities; and as an open work, providing multi-layered meanings. As an open work collage is typified by the prominent role of its "readers", its ambiguity and the infinite net of references it summons. Collage may be conceived as a bridge between modernism and postmodernism, structuralism and post-structuralism; as a model for constant innovation and suppleness; as a stimulator for meta-artistic questions, acceptance of "soft" universals and reevaluation of the role of the Other within an artwork. Works by Jasper Johns, Michal Na'aman, Dina Hoffman and myself exemplify these ideas. / Visual Arts / M.A. (Visual Arts)

東尼•庫許納的劇本《美國天使》曾經被批評為「宣揚啟蒙主義式的進步觀，即使這種觀點造成的災難正在二十世紀末顯現」。儘管明顯受到華特•班雅明 (Walter Benjamin) 的歷史觀點影響，批評者仍認為庫許納在《美國天使》劇中刻意忽視班雅明對進步的歷史觀發出的警告。然而，事實上庫許納在《美國天使》劇中，藉由劇中角色所刻畫的，即是班雅明對於歷史中進步 (progress) 的觀點，而非啟蒙主義式的進步史觀。造成這種批評觀點上的差異的原因，乃在於《美國天使》的批評者未能真正了解班雅明對於進步的概念，以及此概念在庫許納劇中的重要性。本文欲以班雅明進步的概念為出發，來檢視《美國天使》劇中對於進步與救贖 (redemption)的應用，並在其中闡明庫許納以班雅明的進步與救贖概念為基礎，試圖在劇中發現自我救贖 (self redemption) 之可能的企圖。 《美國天使》分《千禧年近了》和《重建》上下兩部，是庫許納分別在一九九一及九二年完成的劇作。劇中主要描述主角普萊爾華特 (Prior Walter) ，一位男同志愛滋病患，在遭遇愛人的拋棄，以及美國天使 (American Angel) 的啟示之後，努力尋找在千禧年的各種災難與異象的威脅下，人類生存的希望的過程。在劇中，庫許納以美國紐約多元的種族、文化、信仰為背景，探討世紀末的各種問題與困境，並且尋找對於未來的展望。 　　　本文的第一章為總論，將介紹庫許納的生平、《美國天使》的故事情節、批評家與劇評對於該劇的分析、以及班雅明的理論對此劇的影響。根據班雅明的看法，在人類的歷史中真正的進步並非在空洞的時間 (homogeneous, empty time) 之中前進，而是察覺到人類歷史真正的組成分子─辯證影像(dialectical images)，其型態為不斷反覆出現的歷史影像。當人類認知到此種影像的存在時，此認知將使人類從現有的歷史框架中解放，進而認識到徹底改變現有狀態的可能性。這種革命性的 (revolutionary) 認知即是班雅明所謂的進步，這也是第二章的討論範圍。在第三章中，則是以班雅明的救贖理論 (theory of redemption) 解釋庫許納劇中角色的「彌賽亞式的救贖力」(messianic power) 的覺醒 (awakening)。根據班雅明在歷史哲學綱要 (Thesis on the Philosophy of History) 的說法，人類擁有彌賽亞式的救贖力，並且憑藉之發現以「彌賽亞式的視界」(messianic vision) 的形式出現的辯證影像。此即為班雅明定義下的救贖。第四章則以解釋庫許納對於班雅明理論的修正—重建 (restructuring)—為出發點，探討《美國天使》劇中救贖的完成。第五章為結論，以劇中角色的得到救贖為《美國天使》一劇的結尾，同時也是另一個偉大的工作 (The Great Work)—人類在新千禧年的救贖—的展開。 / Tony Kushner’s Angels in America has been accused of its proposing the Enlightenment progress when its disastrous consequence is seen at the end of the 20th century. In spite of the obvious color of Walter Benjamin’s philosophy of history in the play, critics still consider that Kushner ignores Benjamin’s warning of the idea of progress for human history in Angels. Nevertheless, what Kushner describes in the play, through the struggles of the characters, is actually a Benjaminian progress instead of an Enlightenment one. The reason for such a difference of critical viewpoints is: the critics of Angels fail to fully understand Benjamin’s concept of progress and its real significance in the play. Starting from Benjamin’s concept of progress, this thesis aims at examining the application of Benjamin’s concept of progress and redemption in Angels and discovering Kushner’s intention to propose a self-redemption. Angels is comprised of part I: Millennium Approaches (premier in 1991) and part II: Perestroika (1992). It is Kushner’s most celebrated play. The play begins when a gay man, Prior Walter, has found his infection with AIDS. Facing his destined death and deserted by his lover, one day, Prior is visited by an American Angel, who calls him the “prophet” and gives him a gospel of anti-migration to spread. Since then, his life becomes a journey searching for self-awareness and hope in the future. In Angels, Kushner discusses the questions in the United States at the end of the 20th century against the multi-cultural background of New York and America. The prospect of the human race’s future becomes his ultimate concern in the play. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, “Introduction,” provides the background information of Angels, including the plot summary, critical history, and my concerns on the critiques of play. In Chapter Two, Benjamin’s theory of progress will be used to analyze the idea of progress in Angels, which means discovering the dialectical images of history that are suppressed in historical time. This concept of progress is “revolutionary” because it will change mankind’s recognition of history and their conception of themselves. Chapter Three begins with Benjamin’s definition of “redemption” of human history, which means the awakening of the “weak messianic power,” the power that a whole generation of human beings is endowed with. This power gives human beings a “messianic vision,” a glimpse of the redemptive world. In Chapter Four, Kushner’s supplement to Benjamin’s theory of redemption, the idea of “restructuring,” will be applied as the key word for the completion of redemption for the characters in Angels. Chapter Five concludes this thesis with the self-redemption of the characters in the play and the beginning of the “Great Work”: the redemption of the entire humanity in the coming Millennium.

張歷君. / "2000年8月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2000. / 參考文獻 (leaves 133-146) / 附中英文摘要. / "2000 nian 8 yue" / Zhang Lijun. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2000. / Can kao wen xian (leaves1 133-146) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 緒論 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究目的及方法 --- p.1-6 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究背景及簡介 --- p.6-8 / Chapter 上篇 --- 文字的拱廊與時間的影象´ؤ´ؤ論魯迅的直譯與雜文 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.9-13 / Chapter 第二節 --- 翻譯與希望一一論魯迅的「直譯」 --- p.14-34 / Chapter 第三節 --- 解剖圖說與歷史照相學 一一論魯迅的「雜文」 --- p.34-59 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.59-61 / Chapter 下篇 --- 可技術複製性時代的傳統技藝´ؤ´ؤ論魯迅作品中的「破壞」 與「救贖」 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.62-63 / Chapter 第二節 --- 傳統經驗的「不可傳遞性」 --- p.63-67 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「幻燈片事件」中的技術與暴力 --- p.67-78 / Chapter 第四節 --- 病態國民照相 ´ؤ´ؤ論魯迅小說中的媒體經驗 --- p.79-100 / Chapter 第五節 --- 從〈懷舊〉到《故事新編》 ´ؤ´ؤ魯迅小說寫作中的「傳統技巧」 與「救贖」 --- p.100-128 / Chapter 第六節 --- 小結：「破壞」與「救贖」 --- p.128-131 / 結語 --- p.132 / 參考書目 --- p.133-146

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Eduardo Carvalho Fonseca.pdf: 305312 bytes, checksum: f97eaed64ccd8c4721a4ab90a852ad17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study addresses the decline of tradition in western modernity as being the starting point for the pursuit of other kinds of expression that would better suit the new era. Walter Benjamin identified this scenario in The storyteller essay, which, by taking into account the overcoming of traditional experience by individual life experience, makes headway for his analysis of Charles Baudelaire s choc experience . Through this analysis, Benjamin reveals a number of facets inherent to the poet s thinking, both in Baudelaire s art critique and in his poetry production , as being proposals of what would be the ideal attitude capable of promoting a fruitful relationship between the individual and the modern city. This attitude would cause the individual to abandon his passiveness of character and would supply him with instruments to fully and wholly become part of the crowd without having to rely singly and solely on his own individual life experience. As an example of this new attitude in the work of Baudelaire, one finds Les Petits Poèmes en Prose. These poems are considered a supplementary part of Les Fleurs du Mal, and instead of singing to the end of an era however, the fifty fragments go one step further toward the insertion of poetry in the city s day-to-day, thus freeing it from former and ancient contingencies, or more precisely, from rhyme and verse / Esta dissertação aborda o declínio da tradição na modernidade como ponto de partida para a busca de outras expressões adequadas a um novo tempo. A constatação desse cenário por Walter Benjamin no ensaio O narrador, tendo em vista a superação da experiência tradicional pela vivência, abre caminho para sua análise sobre a experiência do choc em Charles Baudelaire. Por meio desta, o filósofo expõe diversas facetas inerentes ao pensamento do poeta, tanto no âmbito da crítica de arte quanto em sua produção poética, como recomendações a um ideal de postura para o indivíduo a fim de que este possa se relacionar de maneira frutífera com a cidade moderna. Tal postura o faria abandonar a passividade de seu caráter, dando-lhe instrumentos para se inserir na multidão de maneira plena, sem ter como único respaldo a própria vivência. Como exemplo dessa nova postura na própria obra do poeta francês, encontra-se os Petits Poèmes en Prose. Considerados complementares a Les Fleurs du Mal, ao contrário de cantarem o fim de uma era, porém, seus cinqüenta fragmentos dão um passo adiante rumo à inserção da poesia no cotidiano da cidade, livrando-a de antigas contingências; mais precisamente, da rima e do verso

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar a degradação da experiência humana na modernidade a partir do diagnóstico feito por Walter Benjamin. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, parte-se de um rápido percurso da história da filosofia a fim de delinear o conceito de experiência e analisar um dos primeiros textos em que Benjamin trata diretamente do assunto, “Sobre um programa da filosofia vindoura”. Num segundo momento, busca-se demonstrar como vai acontecendo a decadência da experiência a partir do ensaio “Experiência e pobreza”, em que Benjamin considera que aos pobres de experiência resta apenas assumir uma nova barbárie. O tema também aparece em “O narrador”, em que o autor demonstra o aniquilamento de uma experiência, outrora sinônimo de sabedoria e autoridade, consolidada por meio de sua transmissão de geração em geração, própria de uma organização coletiva, comunitária, ritualística e artesanal. As formas narrativas correspondentes são sintomáticas deste processo de esfacelamento da experiência: a narração - que vigorava no solo de um tempo onde ainda tinha-se tempo para contar e ouvir histórias - fora substituída pelo romance, caracterizador dos indivíduos isolados e solitários, e este, por sua vez, substituído pela informação jornalística, forma narrativa fragmentada e desconexa. Analisar a questão da experiência (erfahrung) em Walter Benjamin é contrapô-la à noção de vivência (erlebnis). Na esfera da vivência, saturada de eventos e sensações, resta ao ser humano a capacidade de reagir a esses estímulos (reportando à noção de choque em Freud). A memória (e seu correlato – o esquecimento) é imprescindível à experiência, mas perante os choques, o ser humano só armazena suas vivências na camada mais superficial da consciência, impossibilitando recursos para a experiência estética ou poética. Num terceiro momento, procura-se, nesse estudo, fazer um diálogo entre as constatações e os conceitos da filosofia da experiência benjaminianas com algumas imagens literárias, buscando, na literatura, elementos que vicejam a reflexão filosófica. O conto de Jorge Luis Borges - “Funes, o memorioso” - e o trecho de “Cem anos de solidão”, de Gabriel Garcia Marquez, sobre a doença do esquecimento, são preciosos mananciais para esse fim. Por último, problematiza-se a constatação da degradação da experiência na modernidade. Discute-se a possibilidade da realização da experiência, bem como o resgate de seu aniquilamento provocado pelas idiossincrasias da contemporaneidade e, ainda, quais espaços propiciariam este possível resgate. / This thesis presents the degradation of human experience based on Walter Benjamin’s diagnosis of it. In order to do that, firstly a brief overview of the history of philosophy is presented so as to delineate the concept of experience and analyze one of the first texts in which Benjamin directly deals with the subject (“Sobre um programa da filosofia vindoura” – “On the Program of the Coming Philosophy”). Secondly, the decadence of experience is demonstrated in the essay “Experiência e pobreza” (“Experience and Poverty”), in which Benjamin considers that the poor of experience are left with only taking on a new barbarism. That theme is also dealt with in “O narrador” (“The Narrator”), in which the author demonstrates the annihilation of an experience once synonymous with wisdom and authority, consolidated through its transmission from generation to generation and proper to a collective, communitarian, ritualistic, and artisanal organization. The corresponding narrative forms are symptomatic of that process of experience ruin: narration, which thrived at a time when one had time to tell and listen to stories, was replaced by the novel, a characterizer of isolated and lonely individuals. The latter, in its turn, was replaced by journalistic information, a fragmented and disconnected narrative form. Analyzing the issue of enduring experience (erfahrung) in Walter Benjamin means opposing it to the notion of fleeting experience/ephemera (erlebnis). In the sphere of fleeting experience/ephemera, saturated with events and sensations, the human being is left with the capacity to react to those stimuli (reminding us of Freud’s notion of shock). Memory (and its correlate – oblivion) is essential to enduring experience, but in the presence of shocks, the human being only stores his fleeting experiences/ephemera on the most superficial layer of consciousness, precluding resources for the aesthetic or poetic experience. At a third moment, this study promotes a dialogue between the realizations and concepts mentioned above and some literary images, searching in literature for elements which cause philosophic reflection to bloom. Jorge Luis Borges’ short story “Funes, o memorioso” (“Funes the Memorious”) and the extract from Gabriel García Marquez’s Cem anos de solidão (One Hundred Years of Solitude) about the disease of forgetfulness are precious sources for that end. Lastly, the realization of the experience ruin in modernity is discussed. Is it still possible to have an enduring experience and rescue it from its annihilation caused by the idiosyncrasies of contemporary times? What possible spaces would allow that rescue?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000746631.pdf: 1061176 bytes, checksum: f8251042c74df64b33f03adf1dd6a0f8 (MD5) / Nossa pesquisa de Mestrado tem em seu horizonte analítico investigar uma possível “visão de mundo arruinada” na obra de Caio Fernando Abreu (1948-1996). Para fundamentarmos a investigação, tomamos como foco da análise o romance Onde andará Dulce Veiga? (1990), com base nos escritos de Walter Benjamin e Antônio Candido. A ruína é entendida como o fragmento de algo que já fora maior, ao passo que o arruinamento é o processo em que ocorre a expansão dos elementos arruinadores. A “visão de mundo arruinada” mediaria os termos de uma equação em que há a representação da ruína e do processo de arruinamento, tanto na esfera temática quanto estrutural. Desta forma, se busca compreender como a “visão de mundo arruinada” perpassa algumas das escolhas textuais como o uso de uma linguagem fragmentada que, além de estabelecer um diálogo intertextual com a cultura de massas, remete à concepção de alegoria / Our Masters research has in its analytic horizon to investigate a possible worldview ruined in the work of Caio Fernando Abreu (1948-1996). To effectively research, we focus on analyzing the novel Whatever happened to Dulce Veiga? (1990), based on the writings of Walter Benjamin and Antonio Candido. The ruin is understood as the fragment of something that had already been increased, while ruining is the process in which occurs the expansion of book burners elements. The worldview ruined could mediate terms of an equation in which there is the representation of ruin and the process of ruining both the thematic and structural spheres. This way, if tries to understand how the worldview ruined pervades some of the textual choices such as using a fragmented language that, in addition to establishing an intertextual dialogue with mass culture, refers to the concept of allegory