El consumo de aguas envasadas ha experimentado un gran aumento desde el 2013. La industria del agua embotellada, actualmente, está presente en la mayoría de las principales ciudades del país, es un producto de consumo masivo e indispensable para las actividades diarias de la población. De tal manera, en el Perú las plantas de tratamiento de agua en el sector de Pyme presentan una baja eficiencia operacional en sus líneas de producción. Este problema genera incumplimientos en las entregas de los pedidos, lo cual representa pérdidas económicas que bordea alrededor de un 15% de sus ventas anuales, esto se debe a que se incurre en tiempos improductivos y la falta de mantenimiento necesarios. Por lo tanto, este estudio desarrolló un modelo que permitirá aumentar la eficiencia en planta mediante la aplicación de la herramienta SMED y mantenimiento autónomo que reducirá tiempos de set up y averías respectivamente. El modelo propuesto tiene como objetivo reducir los tiempos de set up hasta en un 36%, mientras que para el tiempo de paradas por averías hasta un 60%, alcanzando así un porcentaje superior al 80% de eficiencia en planta (OEE). / The consumption of bottled water has experienced a great increase since 2013. The bottled water industry, currently, is present in most of the main cities of the country, it is a product of massive consumption and indispensable for the daily activities of the population. Thus, in Peru, water treatment plants in the SME sector have low operational efficiency in their production lines. This problem generates defaults in the deliveries of the orders, which represents economic losses that border around 15% of their annual sales, this is due to the fact that they incur in downtime and the lack of necessary maintenance. Therefore, this study developed a model that will increase plant efficiency through the application of the SMED tool and autonomous maintenance that will reduce set-up times and breakdowns, respectively. The proposed model aims to reduce set up times by up to 36%, while for breakdown time by up to 60%, thus reaching a percentage greater than 80% in-plant efficiency (OEE). / Trabajo de investigación

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The tobacco industry of South Africa has fallen under strict legislation and control measures from the South African government since the passing of the initial Tobacco Products Control Act, 1993. Further amendments have been made to the initial act, namely Tobacco Products Control Amendment Act, 1999 and the proposed Tobacco Products Control Amendment Bill, 2004. This assignment emerges against the backdrop of the alcoholic beverage industry coming under similar scrutiny to that of the tobacco industry from government legislation and control measures The main objective of this assignment was to discover the similarities, if any, between the tobacco industry and the alcoholic beverage industry of South Africa, specifically with regard to their advertising practices before legislation. The purpose of this assignment is to discover whether or not the alcoholic beverage industry can learn from the example of the tobacco industry in order to maintain its self-regulation, rather than to fall under the control of State regulation and legislation. The literature and empirical study sought to achieve the following four objectives: 1.) To gain a thorough understanding of the tobacco legislation on a global scale; 2.) To analyse the control measures and legislation of tobacco in a South African context; 3.) To identify any similarities between the tobacco industry and alcoholic beverage industry of South Africa and 4.) To identify means in which the alcoholic beverage industry can work with the State in order to maintain the self-regulation of its industry. Findings indicate that similarities arise when comparing tobacco and alcohol, as both of them have addictive qualities, are often used from a very young age and both have laws prohibiting sale to minors. The success gained in South Africa with regard to anti-tobacco initiatives and government legislation since the introduction of the first Tobacco Act in 1993, has led to certain members of society feeling that similar, if not the same, strict strategies and / or legislative measures should be used to address the public health problems relating to alcohol. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse tabaknywerheid val onder streng wetgewing en beheermaatreëls deur die Suid-Afrikaanse regering sedert die aanvanklike Wet op die Beheer van Tabakprodukte, 1993 aanvaar is. Verdere wysigings op die aanvanklike wet is aanvaar, naamlik die Wysigingswet op die Beheer van Tabakprodukte, 1999 en die voorgestelde Wysigingswetsontwerp op die Beheer van Tabakprodukte, 2004. Hierdie werk spruit voort teen die agtergrond van die alkoholdranknywerheid wat onder 'n soortgelyke soeklig geplaas is as die tabaknywerheid by wyse van regeringswetgewing en beheermaatreëls. Die hoofoogmerk van hierdie werk was om die ooreenkomste, indien enige, vas te stel tussen die tabaknywerheid en die alkoholdranknywerheid van Suid-Afrika, spesifiek met betrekking tot hul adverteringspraktyke vóór wetgewing. Die doel van hierdie werk was om vas te stel of die alkoholdranknywerheid uit die voorbeeld van die tabaknywerheid kan leer aldan nie, met die oog op die voortsetting van sy selfbeheer, eerder as om onder die beheer van Staatsregulering en wetgewing te val. Die bronmateriaal en empiriese studie was daarop toegespits om die volgende vier doelwitte te bereik: 1.) Om 'n behoorlike begrip te verkry van tabakwetgewing op 'n globale skaal; 2.) Om die beheermaatreëls en wetgewing oor tabak in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te analiseer; 3.) Om enige ooreenkomste tussen die tabak- en die alkoholdranknywerheid in Suid-Afrika te identifiseer en 4.) Om wyses te identifiseer waardeur die alkoholdranknywerheid met die Staat kan saamwerk om die selfbeheer van die nywerheid te behou. Bevindinge dui aan dat ooreenkomste wel ontstaan wanneer tabak en alkohol met mekaar vergelyk word, veral omdat albei verslawende eienskappe bevat, dikwels deur persone vanaf 'n baie jong ouderdom gebruik word en dat wetgewing albei verbied om aan minderjariges verkoop te word. Die sukses wat in Suid-Afrika rakende anti-tabakinisiatiewe en wetgewing behaal is sedert die inwerkingstelling van die eerste Wet op die Beheer van Tabak in 1993 het daartoe gelei dat sekere lede van die gemeenskap van mening is dat soortgelyke, indien nie dieselfde nie, streng strategieë en/of wetgewende maatreëls aangewend behoort te word om die openbare gesondheidsprobleme rakende alkohol aan te spreek.

綜觀1997年亞洲金融風暴之後的泰國，泰國政府設法改善以農立國的機會點，運用大量農產品輸出提升國家整體經濟，這其中最為驚人的成就便是世界廚房的執行，政府透由單一窗口的溝通，明定清楚的營運績效指標，讓泰式料理躍上舞台成為關鍵字的搜尋，也成功的吸引無數的觀光旅客前往泰國一窺究竟，深入探訪學習泰式料理與體驗泰國文化。然而在看了別人的成功經驗之後，台灣的餐飲業是否有機會可以學習呢？因此本研究試圖由相關文獻與資料的蒐集，並深入訪問在餐飲領域學有所長的專家意見，藉由泰國政府世界廚房的營運經驗中找出成功關鍵，進而反思台灣餐飲業可以學習的作為，當中也加上中小企業鼎泰豐的營運方式說明，並引用了白地策略的商業模式思考我們日後可以運作的方法與營運法則。 經過這一連串的研究探討，茲將歸納總結出三方向的建議 一. 政府端：建議政府單位能夠仿效學習成立專責單位，儘可能簡化作業時間與文書往返的營運模式，讓權責單位能夠更具效能的執行餐飲業的推廣；再者近來的食品加工風波，亦是政府單位需要改善制度，設法成立食材履歷的改善作為，好讓餐飲業的經營除了美味更具安心。同時我們透由泰國世界廚房的營運經驗也可以發現，維護品質的稽核制度不可少。 二. 企業或組織端：透由連鎖化的營運模式壯大自己的營運成績，讓自己形塑品牌深化才能有機會在日益變遷的餐飲環境中紮根。再者應該結合台灣科技化的優勢，架構資訊平台讓營運的經驗法則能夠累積成自己的創新價值，形成關鍵流程與資源，讓自己的營運評斷基準更具說服力。 三. 顧客端：日益成熟的台灣社會，我們更應該努力成為有同理心的消費者，在購賣決策形成時，除了廉價思維之外，更應該思考商品的附加價值，讓整體的經營環境，不光只有法令、業者的努力，更有許多消費者的認可，才能讓餐飲業的發展朝光明面邁進。 關鍵詞：泰國世界廚房、白地策略、鼎泰豐、個案研究、餐飲業 / After Asian financial crisis, Thailand’s government tried to improve the department of agriculture in1997 and found the opportunity. They increased the economic growth by exporting the product of agriculture. The most of achievements is the implement of the Center for Thailand kitchen of the world. What can we learn from f the Center for Thailand kitchen of the world？What are the major reasons of their achievement? This paper will use the literature review and interview expert of restaurant industry. We also choose Din Tai Fung to be our case study and use the rules of white space. After our empirical study, we have three conclusions: 1. We thought that our government can reduce the process of paper work and provide the organization of one stop service. After the crisis of food processing，we can set up the food pedigree to improve the quality of food & beverage. According the business model of Center for Thailand kitchen of the world, we need to build the system of quality auditing. 2. The franchise system can expand the scale of business. Through the franchise model, the enterprise will have the opportunity to increase the market share in the food & beverage industry. We have the advantages of hi-tech technology in Taiwan. We can run the successful business model by accumulating these experiences on web site. 3. We should follow our consumer’s preference. On the consumption decision, we can try to add value on the product. We also need to build the suitable environment and law. Keywords：Center for Thailand kitchen of the world、White Space、Din Tai Fung、Case study、Food & Beverage Industry )

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-03-14T20:44:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Fabio Aquino da Silva.doc: 5481984 bytes, checksum: 591cbbd74bd6d86b4f1ac87e34afbb17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T20:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Fabio Aquino da Silva.doc: 5481984 bytes, checksum: 591cbbd74bd6d86b4f1ac87e34afbb17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-14 / Empresas fazem investimentos em Tecnologia da Informação (TI) com o objetivo de obter vantagens no alinhamento dos sistemas de TI ao negócio da empresa. Este alinhamento entre TI e o negocio da empresa revela o desempenho das organizações e gera um aumento de sua competitividade, além de melhorar os resultados dos projetos de implantação dessas tecnologias. As operações logísticas são outra fonte de vantagens competitivas, mas quando suportadas pelas TIs têm melhores resultados. É nesta conjuntura que o impacto dos benefícios da utilização de um Sistema de Gestão de Transporte (TMS) é estudado neste trabalho, no âmbito de uma operação logística de uma indústria de bebidas. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é avaliar a TI em uma indústria de bebidas no Brasil, em suas operações de transporte entre fábricas e centros de distribuição. Para atingir este objetivo, o método utilizado é o estudo de caso, que teve como finalidade a investigação de situações das diversas áreas do conhecimento, e desta forma obter uma visão ampla do problema estudado. Uma das respostas após a pesquisa de campo e a análise dos resultados, é identificar através dos grupos de atributos que avaliam a contribuição do TMS o seu caráter operacional para a empresa / Companies make investment in Information Technology (IT) to align IT system advantages to their business. Alignment between IT and company's business reveals organizations performance, steps up their competitiveness, and improves the project implementation results of these technologies. Logistics operations are another source for competitive advantage, but shows better results when supported by IT. In this work, the context of Transportation Management System (TMS) impacts is studied on a beverage industry logistics operation. The overall objective of the research is to evaluate TMS in a beverage industry in Brazil, and its transport operations between factories and distribution centers. To achieve this goal, a case study method aiming to explore situations of various knowledge areas is adopted to obtain a rich view of the problem. One answer After a field search and analysis of results , and identify through the que Attribute Groups assess the contribution to TMS His character paragraph Operating Company .

Los altos tiempos productivos de los procesos ha llevado a que los costos de producción dentro de una empresa se incrementen. Debido a ello, muchos autores propusieron el uso de distintas herramientas que puedan solucionar este problema. Este trabajo de investigación propone el uso de las herramientas de mantenimiento autónomo, 5´s, distribución de planta y la automatización para mejorar el proceso de llenado de una empresa de agua embotellada. El objetivo de esta investigación es reducir los tiempos del proceso de llenado mediante la reducción de los tiempos improductivos y el ordenamiento del puesto del trabajador. Se han aplicado varios métodos para encontrar y seleccionar las mejores herramientas que puedan solucionar las causas que ocasionan este problema. De esta manera, se logró diseñar una solución que abarque todas las causas que ocasionan este problema. Al finalizar la implementación en el programa Arena, se pudo aumentar el OEE en un 54.21%, reducir el índice de productos entregados fuera de tiempo en un 37.54% y aumentar la eficiencia de la máquina en un 19.16%. / The high productive times of the processes have led to the production costs within a company to increase. Due to this, many authors proposed the use of different tools that can solve this problem. This research work proposes the use of autonomous maintenance tools, 5's, plant distribution and automation to improve the filling process of a bottled water company. The objective of this research is to reduce the times of the filling process by reducing unproductive times and organizing the worker's position. Various methods have been applied to find and select the best tools that can fix the root causes of this problem. In this way, it was possible to design a solution that covers all the causes that cause this problem. Upon completion of the implementation in the Arena program, it was possible to increase OEE by 54.21%, reduce the rate of products delivered out of time by 37.54% and increase the efficiency of the machine by 19.16%. / Trabajo de investigación

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Accurate estimation of alcohol price elasticity is important for policy analysis – e.g.., determining optimal taxes and projecting revenues generated from proposed tax changes. Several approaches to specifying and estimating the price elasticity of demand for alcohol can be found in the literature. There are two keys to policy-relevant specification and estimation of alcohol price elasticity. First, the underlying demand model should take account of alcohol consumption decisions at the extensive margin – i.e., individuals' decisions to drink or not – because the price of alcohol may impact the drinking initiation decision and one's decision to drink is likely to be structurally different from how much they drink if they decide to do so (the intensive margin). Secondly, the modeling of alcohol demand elasticity should yield both theoretical and empirical results that are causally interpretable. The elasticity estimates obtained from the existing two-part model takes into account the extensive margin, but are not causally interpretable. The elasticity estimates obtained using aggregate-level models, however, are causally interpretable, but do not explicitly take into account the extensive margin. There currently exists no specification and estimation method for alcohol price elasticity that both accommodates the extensive margin and is causally interpretable. I explore additional sources of bias in the extant approaches to elasticity specification and estimation: 1) the use of logged (vs. nominal) alcohol prices; and 2) implementation of unnecessarily restrictive assumptions underlying the conventional two-part model. I propose a new approach to elasticity specification and estimation that covers the two key requirements for policy relevance and remedies all such biases. I find evidence of substantial divergence between the new and extant methods using both simulated and the real data. Such differences are profound when placed in the context of alcohol tax revenue generation.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The objective of this research is to examine the development of the California alcohol outlets over time and the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and densities of the alcohol outlets. Two types of advanced analyses were done after the usual preliminary description of data. Firstly, fixed and random effects linear regression were used for the county panel data across time (1945-2010) with a dummy variable added to capture the change in law regarding limitations on alcohol outlets density. Secondly, a Bayesian spatio-temporal Poisson regression of the census tract panel data was conducted to capture recent availability of population characteristics affecting outlet density. The spatial Conditional Autoregressive model was embedded in the Poisson regression to detect spatial dependency of unexplained variance of alcohol outlet density. The results show that the alcohol outlets density reduced under the limitation law over time. However, it was no more effective in reducing the growth of alcohol outlets after the limitation was modified to be more restrictive. Poorer, higher vacancy rate and lower percentage of Black neighborhoods tend to have higher alcohol outlet density (numbers of alcohol outlets to population ratio) for both on-sale general and off-sale general. Other characteristics like percentage of Hispanics, percentage of Asians, percentage of younger population and median income of adjacency neighbors were associated with densities of on-sale general and off sale general alcohol outlets. Some regions like the San Francisco Bay area and the Greater Los Angeles area have more alcohol outlets than the predictions of neighborhood characteristics included in the model.

Thesis (D. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008 / The purpose of this study was to evaluate brewing and consumption practices and to screen for micro-organisms and mycotoxins associated with traditional beer produced and consumed in the marginal urban settlements of the city of Kimberley in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. The survey study revealed that traditional beer is no longer being brewed for traditional purposes only, as was the case in the past, but rather for commercial gain. Both brewers and consumers, however, appeared to be largely unaware of disease-causing micro-organisms present on the hands or bodies of handlers that can be transferred to the beverage during the handling process, and were seemingly not conversant with regard to the effects of hazardous ingredients sometimes incorporated during the brewing process. Unemployment and a lack of education emerged as pivotal factors related to the production of traditional beer and the ignorance of the associated safety thereof. The survey further indicated that although facilities such as the availability of potable water (taps in yards) and flushing toilets were sometimes in place, other facilities such as basins with hot running water were often not available. In commercially produced and homebrewed traditional beer the mean counts for total coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. were circa 105 cfu.ml-1 whereas the TVC (Total Viable Counts) and total fungi counts were 106 and 107 cfu.ml-1 respectively. The total coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. counts for homebrewed traditional beer were approximately one log-phase higher than the commercial version. The counts in the homebrewed beer probably originated from contamination during handling, while in the commercial product contamination originated either in the raw ingredients or during postprocessing and consumption. Apart from staphylococci, considerable numbers of total coliforms indicating faecal contamination were noted. A rapid, easy, reliable and accurate technique that could be used to quantify the level of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol and citrinin) in the beer was developed through validation of the ELISA Ridascreen methodology. Using this method, the deoxynivalenol (DON) level in the beer samples was found to exceed the recommended levels suggested by the European Union, while citrinin levels in the samples varied between 35.6 ppb and 942.2 ppb. In the case of citrinin there were statistically significant differences between spring, summer and winter samples, confirming the seasonal impact on fungal growth and consequent mycotoxin production. An R2-value of 0.409 was noted between DON and citrinin, indicating a weak positive association. Finally, an awareness programme in the format of a poster with accompanying subscripts was developed to address issues of safety and hygiene of traditional beer in the study area. The poster utilises animatedstyle colour images of selected practices that need to be addressed, accompanied by slogans summarising the particular image in English, Afrikaans and Setswana. It is envisaged that, as part of a comprehensive awareness programme, the poster will contribute greatly to the quality, safety and promotion of traditional beer in the area.

It is essential for both employers and employees to know and understand their obligations and rights about occupational health and safety. The study aimed at developing guidelines for the managers of health and safety programmes to promote compliance with OHS Act (No. 85 of 1993) among the food and beverage industry in South Africa. The study sites were from the four selected provinces of South Africa, with twenty three of them located in the Gauteng Province. A quantitative research method which is descriptive in nature was used to obtain in-depth knowledge on compliance to the health and safety legislation. Data was collected from 27 study sites using an inspection checklist and an interview- led questionnaire for the 202 employees. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Most employees on the study sites were young and therefore needed regular supervision, information, instruction and training to promote safe work and reduce injury and diseases. The study sites were male dominated. It emerged that there was general lack of consultation and communication with regards to health and safety matters between the employers and the employees. It was also noted that most study sites did not have a written and conspicuously placed health and safety policy and the OHS Act No. 85 of 1993. Majority of the study sites did not deploy adequate resources to manage problems related to health and safety at work and reduce their incidence. In addition, employees experienced injuries or illnesses at one point or the other as they were exposed to various occupational hazards. Finally, most study sites had poor housekeeping practices. Employers did not have the appropriate control measures, such as baseline risk assessments, in place. This placed employees at an increased risk of injuries and illnesses as well as the possibility of employers facing financial burdens such as higher compensation claims, medical specialist fees, fees involved in the replacement of injured employees or fees for the recruitment and training of new recruits. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

This thesis explores the integration of IoT protocols to enhance supply chain efficiency and sustainability by developing a flexible automated system. The research covers the integration of a palletization optimizer with a flexible robotic platform, a project conducted in collaboration with OpiFlex and Linköping University. Flexibility and sustainability in production, particularly in the food and beverage industry, are critical yet challenging to achieve. This research addresses these challenges by proposing a system that aligns the output with customer needs by combining these technologies. The research employs a combination of case study and exploratory methodologies. The development approach synthesizes elements from Set-Based Design, Point-Based Design, and Agile development frameworks. The primary research questions focus on identifying the best system architecture for integrating the palletization optimizer with a lower-level automation platform and outlining the steps needed to transform this integration into a commercially viable product. The system includes the optimizer, capable of processing customer orders and configuring products on mixed output pallets, integrated with a flexible robotic system provided by OpiFlex. The work involved evaluating communication protocols, MQTT, OPC UA, and TCP/IP, and designing robust interactions and interfaces between the subsystems. The results demonstrate the system's architecture and interaction protocols.  The thesis concludes with a discussion of the results in comparison to the application scenario and the standards consulted. The conclusion is that the chosen interface practices should remain largely intact but be re-developed using an OPC UA-based architecture. The main reasons for this are its support for both pub/sub and client-server models, increased security, and greater support for enterprise application integration. However, depending on the specific application, the downsides of OPC UA may outweigh its benefits.