This dissertation explores the connection between founder personality and organizational culture in founder-led entrepreneurial companies. With a focus on how founder personality affects culture, it draws from the literature in upper echelon/top management teams, family business and organizational psychology – notably the Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA: Schneider, 1987) and Person-Organization fit (P-O: O'Reilly, Chatman, & Caldwell, 1991) theories. Using a combination of ethnographic, psychological and organizational data from the founders and employees of four small firms from multiple industries, and a broader survey study of 336 respondents from 23 firms, it finds support for O’Reilly et al., (2014)’s CEO Personality-Culture link in the small-company setting. It also validates two new findings: 1) that employee personality traits can trump founder personality as an influence on culture, and 2) that founder involvement can moderate the impact of founder personality on culture. The dissertation concludes with plans for further research into the personality-organizational culture effects and thoughts about the applicability of these results for founders and consultants. / Business Administration/Entrepreneurship

This research examined the possibility that personality traits play a part in career longevity and job satisfaction in the education field. The current study examined trends among the Big Five personality traits (Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) and their relation to job satisfaction in the elementary classroom. This researcher hypothesized that some common personality traits that are shared by teachers who persist in the classroom for five or more years, who are satisfied with their jobs and do not intend to leave. This researcher hypothesized that more experienced teachers would be high in Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness. This researcher hypothesized that less experienced teachers would have Big Five personality scores that are more diverse than those of experienced teachers and that are more representative of the personalities of the general population. This researcher also hypothesized that teachers who score higher in the areas of Neuroticism and lower on Conscientiousness and Extraversion, would be dissatisfied with their jobs. The survey was completed by 202 participants. Experienced teachers (those working in the classroom for five or more years), and less experienced teachers (those working in the classroom for four years or less) completed the Big Five personality survey, along with additional survey questions that assess job satisfaction, and intent to leave. This research found no trend among personality traits in experienced teachers compared to inexperienced teachers. There was, however, a correlation between intention to leave and Neuroticism as well as a correlation between job satisfaction and Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness.

Det transformativa ledarskapet anses vara ett idealt ledarskap i dagens samhälle där egenskaper såsom lyhördhet och individuell motivering hos medarbetarna uppskattas hos många. Studier har tidigare gjorts avseende vilken personlighet ledare med olika ledarskapsattribut besitter, men färre studier har fokuserat på det önskade ledarskapet ur medarbetarnas perspektiv. Därför var syftet med denna studie att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan personlighetsegenskapen extraversion och önskat transformativt ledarskap hos medarbetarna på teminalanläggningarna inom ett medelstort svenskt rederi inom färjetrafiken. Datat samlades in genom en digital undersökningsenkät. Undersökningen sträckte sig över samtliga tre hamnterminaler där totalt 72 personer deltog. Resultatet visade att det inte fanns något signifikant samband mellan önskat transformativt ledarskap och extraversion inom de aktuella anläggningarna. Slutsatsen drogs att andra personlighetsdimensioner inte kan uteslutas som betydelse för att forma ett önskat ledarskapsbeteende, och att variablernas resultat separat trots avsaknaden av samband kan vara värdefullt för företagets verksamheter.

It is well known that males dominate politics, both in elected positions and in the media as political pundits (Melber, 2011). Is it the masculine style that is appealing to society? Do popular political pundits (male and female) emulate this masculine style in order to appeal to and persuade their audience? Through a content analysis of the rhetoric of six specified political pundits, it is hypothesized that both males and females are more likely to incorporate masculine styles of rhetoric, and those who display more masculine style traits will be more acceptable to the general audience leading to more airtime and appearances across networks. Through the analysis of the programs' 2013 transcripts, the communicative style of both male and female political pundits of the top five news programs from the big five networks will be studied: ABC's This Week with George Stephanopoulos, CBS's Face the Nation with Bob Schieffer, CNN's State of the Union with Candy Crowley, Fox News Sunday with Chris Wallace, and NBC's Meet the Press with Chuck Todd. / Master of Arts

Yes / In this study we examine the structures of ten personality inventories widely used for personnel assessment, by mapping the scales of personality inventories (PIs) to the lexical Big Five circumplex model resulting in a ‘Periodic Table of Personality’. Correlations between 273 scales from ten internationally popular PIs with independent markers of the lexical Big Five are reported, based on data from samples in two countries (UK N = 286; USA N = 1,046), permitting us to map these scales onto the AB5C framework. Emerging from our findings we propose a common facet framework derived from the scales of the PIs in our study. These results provide important insights into the literature on criterion-related validity of personality traits, and enable researchers and practitioners to understand how different PI scales converge and diverge and how compound PI scales may be constructed or replicated. Implications for research and practice are considered.

Previous research has focused limited attention on how personality affects job search for university educated people in work and no studies have focused on the difference between active and passive job seekers. This survey-based study that examined university educated economists and engineers with 5-25 years of experience, showed that career ambition mediated active job search for the personality dimensions of openness, agreeableness and extraversion and also gave clear evidence that active job seekers have lower levels of job satisfaction, and higher levels of career ambition, agreeableness and extraversion, compared with passive job seekers. These findings provide a more nuanced picture of the impact of different recruitment strategies and provide a starting point for in-depth studies on passive job seekers / Tidigare forskning har riktat begränsad uppmärksamhet mot hur personlighet påverkar jobbsökande för akademiker i arbete och inga studier har fokuserat på skillnaden mellan aktivt och passivt jobbsökande. Denna enkätbaserade studie som undersökt universitetsutbildade ekonomer och ingenjörer med 5-25 års erfarenhet, visade att karriärambition medierade aktivt jobbsökande för personlighetsdimensionerna öppenhet, samstämmighet och extraversion och gav också tydliga belägg för att aktivt jobbsökande har lägre grad av arbetstillfredställelse, och högre grad av karriärambition, samstämmighet och extraversion, jämfört med passivt jobbsökande. Dessa rön ger en mera nyanserad bild av konsekvenser av olika rekryteringsstrategier och utgör en utgångspunkt för fördjupade studier beträffande passivt jobbsökande.

Tidigare forskning har visat att föräldrars anknytningsstil och personlighet samverkar och påverkar varandra. Men hur ser förhållandena ut mellan anknytningsstil, självkänsla, välmående och personlighet? I den här uppsatsen prövades fem hypoteser huruvida det fanns samband mellan dessa. Detta gjordes via en enkät som mätte de fem grundläggande dimensioner (vänlighet, extraversion, neuroticism, öppenhet och samvetsgrannhet), subjektivt psykiskt välmående, självkänslan samt anknytningen utifrån fem aspekter; två otrygga av karaktären avståndstagande (distans och sakorientering) och två av ängslig/närhetssökande karaktär (relationsfixering och bifallsbehov) samt tillit, den trygga anknytningsstilen som utmärks av ett tryggt och tillitsfullt förhållande till sig själv och till andra. De verktyg som användes var Big Five Inventory (BFI), Välmåendeformuläret, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) samt Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Enkätens reliabilitet var genomgående god. Totalt svarade 853 deltagare på enkäten i åldrarna mellan 20-74 år (M = 43.3, SD = 10.15) där 67.3% var kvinnor. Korrelationsanalyser och multipla regressionsanalysen genomfördes. Hypoteserna fick stöd i studien, anknytningsstilen kan prediceras av personlighetsdrag, välmående och självkänsla. Resultaten visade att anknytningsstilen tillit prediceras med positiva samband av vänlighet, extraversion, självkänsla och välmående samt ett negativt samband av neuroticism, vilket övriga anknytningsstilar inte har. / Previous research has shown that parents' attachment style and personality interact and influence each other. But what do the relationships between attachment style, self-esteem, well-being and personality look like? In this essay, five hypotheses were tested to see how these correlates with each other. This was done by a survey that measured the five basic dimensions (agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness and conscientiousness), subjective well-being, self-esteem and attachment style based on five aspects; two insecure of distancing nature and two of an anxious / closeness-seeking nature, the secure attachment style is characterized by a secure relationship with oneself and others. The survey was based on Big Five Inventory (BFI), Questionnaire on well-being, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). The reliability of the survey was good. A total of 853 participants responded to the survey between the ages of 20-74 (M = 43.3, SD = 10.15), where 67.3% were women. Correlation analyzes and multiple regression analyzes were performed. The hypotheses were confirmed, attachment style can be predicted by personality traits, well-being and self-esteem. The results showed that the secure attachment is predicted by and has a positive correlation with agreeableness, extraversion, self-esteem and well-being as well as a negative correlation to neuroticism, which the other attachment styles did not have.

Under slutet av 2019 påträffades det en virustyp (COVID-19) i Kina som kommer att förändralivet för majoriteten av människor och de organisationer dem arbetar hos. Den globala katastrofen har gjort att många har blivit av med sitt arbete och den ekonomiska trygghetensom skapar ett frodande land. COVID-19 har varit förödande för majoriteten av sektorer i hela världen där verksamheterna har varit tvungna att antingen permittera eller hitta en lösning till distansarbete för sina anställda. Denna omställning har gjort att många organisationer och anställda har fått ändra sina arbetsvanor över natt, där flera för första gången antar distansarbete i stor utsträckning som det nya normala. Verksamheterna som har gjort det möjligt för deras medarbetare att arbeta på distans har även haft problemet med att få allt att fungera som vanligt. Dock har den tekniska framgången inom kommunikationsenheter och system gjort det möjligt för organisationer att kunna bedriva sin verksamhet online med samma precision som innan vilket har gett förutsättningarna för att fler kan arbeta på distans. Nu behövs aktuell forskning om faktorer som gör distansarbete hållbart. Mycket forskning har gjorts kring distansarbete och dess påverkan på arbetstillfredsställelse, där arbetstillfredsställelse setts som en central del i ett fungerande distansarbete. Dock har få studier sett på personlighetens effekt på arbetstillfredsställelse, ännu färre under kontexten aven pandemi. Studien undersöker relationen mellan arbetstillfredsställelse och personlighet vid distansarbete under en pandemi. En kvantitativ metod användes i form av en webbenkätstudie med ett snöbollsurval på (N=91) respondenter. Resultatet tyder på en signifikant positiv korrelation mellan extraversion och arbetstillfredsställelse vid distansarbete under enpandemi. Skillnader urskildes i resultatet från tidigare studier utförda innan pandemin vilket motiverar att tidigare kunskap behöver ses över under kontexten av en pandemi. Äve nobserverades en generellt hög arbetstillfredsställelse bland respondenterna som indikerar på en lyckad övergång från kontorsarbete till distansarbete. Resultaten från studien bidrar till existerande litteratur, ger praktiska implikationer i form av förslag till organisationer för hantering av anställda på distansarbete samt förslag på viktig framtida forskning utifrån resultaten. / In late 2019 a virus type (COVID-19) was found in China which would change the lives of most people and the organizations they work for. The global catastrophe has caused many to lose their jobs and the economic security that creates a thriving country. COVID-19 has been devastating to many sectors around the world where businesses have had to either lay off employees or find a way to operate teleworking. This change has meant that many organizations and employees have had to change their work habits overnight, with many for the first time adopting telework to a large extent as the new normal. The organizations that have made it possible for their employees to work remotely have also had the problem of making everything work as usual. However, the technical success in communication units and systems has made it possible for organizations to conduct their business online with the same precision as before which has made it viable for more people to work remotely. Up-to-date research is now needed on factors that make teleworking sustainable. Much research has been done on telework and its impact on job satisfaction, where job satisfaction is seen as a central part of functioning telework. However, few studies have looked at the effect of personality traits on job satisfaction and even fewer in the context of a pandemic. The study examines the relationship between job satisfaction and personality in teleworking during a pandemic. A quantitative method was used in the form of a web survey with a snowball sample of (N = 91) respondents. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between extraversion and job satisfaction during teleworking in a pandemic. Differences were distinguished in the results from previous studies conducted before the pandemic, which justifies that previous knowledge needs to be reviewed in the context of a pandemic. A generally high level of job satisfaction was also observed among the respondents, which indicates a successful transition from office work to telework. The results from the study contribute to existing literature, yield practical implications in the form of suggestions for organizations on how to handle employees that are teleworking and proposals for important future research based on the results.

Det arbetas mer och mer gränslöst, där gränserna mellan privatliv och arbetsliv suddas ut parallellt medsjukskrivningarna för reaktioner på stress ökar. Hur kan personlighetsdrag predicera upplevd stress ochvälmående? Detta kan tillämpas vid arbete med friskfaktorer som bidrar till välmående på arbetsplatsen.Perceived Stress Scale är den mest använda självskattningen inom stress, välmåendeformuläret visarutmärkt reliabilitet och god validitet. Inom personlighetsteorier representerar femfaktormodellen(neuroticism, extraversion, öppenhet, vänlighet och samvetsgrannhet) personlighetsdragen. Enligttidigare forskning utgör neuroticism en särskild sårbarhet för stress. Tre hypoteser prövades där syftetmed studien var att predicera hur personligheten påverkar välmåendet samt benägenheten att upplevastress. Deltagarna som svarade på enkäten var 1545 till antalet i åldrarna 18-71 år utspridda i Sverige.Korrelationsanalyser och multipla regressionsanalysen genomfördes. Hypotesen får stöd i studien,personlighetsdrag kan predicera upplevd stress och välmående. En tydlig korrelation fanns mellanvariablerna stress och samtliga personlighetsdimensioner. / The working life gets more and more boundaryless, the line between private and working life is blurred out and at the same time the sick leave for stress increases. Can personality traits predict perceived stress and well-being? It could be applied to the workplace and contribute to a more healthy life style. Perceived stress scale is the most used questionnaire for stress, the well-being form shows excellent reliability and good validity. Within personality theories, the big five Inventory model (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, kindness and conscientiousness) represents the traits of personality. According to previous research, neuroticism been predicted as a stress factor. Four hypotheses were tested and the purpose of the study was to predict how different personality traits can affect well-being and the tendency to experience stress. The study involved 1545 participants between 18-71 years old in Sweden. Correlation analyzes and multiple regression analyzes were performed. The question is supported in the study, personality traits can predict perceived stress and well-being. There was a clear correlation between the variables stress and all personality dimensions.

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