- Importance of United Nations Security Council and binding effect of resolutions in maintenance of international peace and security This paper depicts the history previous to creation and the creation itself of UN and the Security Council, followed by chapter devoted to the permanent and non- permanent members of the Council with subchapter about reform proposals in terms of its composition. Then there is detailed description of functions and powers of the Security Council, including also a topic relating to the Council's period of paralysis. In the chapter on voting procedure there is stressed the crucial issue of distinguishing procedural and non-procedural resolutions with talking about veto power as well. The final chapter is devoted to the decisions of the Security Council with focus on resolutions and their binding effect.

O presente ensaio acadêmico tem por escopo desenvolver tema interdisciplinar envolvendo a repercussão do princípio constitucional da segurança jurídica sobre a dinâmica da relação jurídico-tributária, bem como verificar se a jurisdição do Supremo Tribunal Federal, hoje revestida de mecanismos diretos de imposição do entendimento sedimentado às instâncias inferiores, cumpre adequadamente a função de garantir a certeza e a previsibilidade necessárias aos contribuintes. Para tanto, além de aprofundar o estudo do princípio da segurança jurídica, o ensaio perfaz a estrutura da obrigação tributária e as condições impostas ao procedimento administrativo fiscal, até desaguar nas características do exercício da jurisdição pelo Excelso Pretório. Ao final, propõe-se um roteiro metódico a ser adotado pelo STF nas hipóteses em que suas decisões possam violar a segurança jurídica dos contribuintes. / Legal security is a judgment ongoing concern, and requires some predictability in all moments of law construction: in its development by the Legislative, in the administrative and the Judiciary. The concept of legal security, however, has been reinterpreted because of the liberal state ideas that have been left behind by the Constitutional State. The present study investigates whether the Brazilian Federal Constitution with its new mechanisms (binding docket, general repercussion, and binding effect, abstrativization of the diffuse control) provides legal security, according to this its current concept. In conclusion, after a dialectical and hypothetical-deductive analysis, that these institutes play this role, not only in the strict legality meaning but also respecting the value justice. Despite of the rational character, because they impose decisions to the administration and the Judiciary and generate uniform judgments, but more automatic, they are also able to provide relativization of absolute predictability in favor of \"fair\" value when necessary to achieve a constitutionally guaranteed right.

O presente ensaio acadêmico tem por escopo desenvolver tema interdisciplinar envolvendo a repercussão do princípio constitucional da segurança jurídica sobre a dinâmica da relação jurídico-tributária, bem como verificar se a jurisdição do Supremo Tribunal Federal, hoje revestida de mecanismos diretos de imposição do entendimento sedimentado às instâncias inferiores, cumpre adequadamente a função de garantir a certeza e a previsibilidade necessárias aos contribuintes. Para tanto, além de aprofundar o estudo do princípio da segurança jurídica, o ensaio perfaz a estrutura da obrigação tributária e as condições impostas ao procedimento administrativo fiscal, até desaguar nas características do exercício da jurisdição pelo Excelso Pretório. Ao final, propõe-se um roteiro metódico a ser adotado pelo STF nas hipóteses em que suas decisões possam violar a segurança jurídica dos contribuintes. / Legal security is a judgment ongoing concern, and requires some predictability in all moments of law construction: in its development by the Legislative, in the administrative and the Judiciary. The concept of legal security, however, has been reinterpreted because of the liberal state ideas that have been left behind by the Constitutional State. The present study investigates whether the Brazilian Federal Constitution with its new mechanisms (binding docket, general repercussion, and binding effect, abstrativization of the diffuse control) provides legal security, according to this its current concept. In conclusion, after a dialectical and hypothetical-deductive analysis, that these institutes play this role, not only in the strict legality meaning but also respecting the value justice. Despite of the rational character, because they impose decisions to the administration and the Judiciary and generate uniform judgments, but more automatic, they are also able to provide relativization of absolute predictability in favor of \"fair\" value when necessary to achieve a constitutionally guaranteed right.

Das Gefühl der Kontrolle über die eigenen körperlichen Handlungen, und dadurch über die externe Umwelt ist einer der Grundpfeiler unserer menschlichen Existenz. Dieser fundamentale Aspekt der Identität ist bekannt als ‘Sense of Agency’ (SoA). Innerhalb der Neurowissenschaften begann die intensive Untersuchung dieses faszinierenden Konzepts erst innerhalb der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte. Das vorliegende Forschungsprojekt befasst sich mit zwei zentralen Aspekten des Sense of Agency. Zum einen wurden die zwei zugrundeliegenden neurokognitiven Mechanismen ‘Vorhersage’ und ‘Retrospektive Inferenz’ untersucht. Zum anderen wurde die Zuschreibung von Agency bei weiteren Ko-Akteuren, mit denen eine gemeinsame Aufgabe bewältigt werden musste untersucht. Das durchgeführte Forschungsprojekt trägt somit zu einem tieferen Verständnis menschlicher Agency auf individueller Ebene und im sozialen Kontext bei. Außerdem liefert es Implikationen für die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion und die Verbesserung zukünftiger Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen. / The seamless feeling of control over one’s own bodily actions, and through them, over the external environment is one of the cornerstones of our existence as human beings. This fundamental aspect of personal identity has been termed the sense of agency (SoA). It is only within the last two decades that this intriguing concept has begun to be intensively studied in the cognitive neurosciences. In the current research project we addressed two central aspects of the sense of agency. First, we investigated its underlying neurocognitive mechanisms: prediction and retrospective inference. Second, we looked into the attribution of agency to other co-actors when cooperating in a joint task. Overall, the current research project has made a step towards a better and deeper understanding of human agency in the individual as well as the social contexts. Additionally, the findings presented in this work inform the field of human-computerinteraction and contribute to the improvement of future interface designs.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Rogerio Lyrio Pimenta.pdf: 686617 bytes, checksum: 5a7ca292e7d35a14b676c6872dc42f58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-20 / The present work intends to study some issues of the binding judicial precedent in the brazilian tax law. So, we will investigate some categories of the General Theory of Law, especially examining the legal rules and the sources of law, due to its relation with the object of this study. Then, we will analyze the structure of the Anglo-Saxon law model (common law) and the codified law model (civil law); the binding judicial precedent evolution in the brazilian legal system until the nº 45/2004 Constitutional ammendment, that consecrated the binding effect of the judicial precedent, through the introduction of the article 103-A in the Federal Constitution; and the binding judicial precedent constitutional requirements and its legal system, disciplined by the Law 11417/2006. We will study the possible problems in the tax law, due to the binding judicial precedent edition by the Federal Supreme Court. We will face the question of the tax levying before the recognition, by the abridgment above, of the total or partial unconstitutionality of the general and abstract rule that ground it, and the nullity of the general and abstract rule that is acknowledged before and after the tax auto imposition homologation. We will still verify the nº 8 binding judicial precedent and the tax levying, that are object of judicial and res judicata discussion. We will study the repercussion of the binding judicial precedent on the tax credit dividing in the hypotheses of certification of the unconstitutionality rule which was used to ground it, on the credit in installments and on the rule that disciplines the prescription and decadence terms. Finally, we will debate about the undue repetition possibility, its requirements and term in this study case and the nº 08 binding judicial precedent effects, regarding this institute and the res judicata / O presente trabalho tem por objeto o estudo de algumas questões da súmula com efeito vinculante no direito tributário brasileiro. Para isso, percorreremos categorias da Teoria Geral do Direito, especialmente o exame das normas jurídicas e das fontes do direito, devido à sua relação com o objeto deste estudo. Assim, analisaremos a estrutura do modelo anglo-saxão (common law) e do direito codificado (civil law); a evolução da súmula e do efeito vinculante no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro até a edição da Emenda Constitucional nº 45/2004, que o consagrou por meio da introdução do art. 103-A, da Constituição Federal; os pressupostos constitucionais e a disciplina legal da súmula com efeito vinculante Lei nº 11.417/06. Examinaremos também algumas situações que poderão ocorrer no campo tributário, em razão da edição pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal de uma súmula com efeito vinculante. Enfrentaremos a questão do lançamento tributário diante do reconhecimento, pela súmula em epígrafe, da inconstitucionalidade total ou parcial da norma geral e abstrata que lhe serviu de fundamento e da invalidade da norma geral e abstrata reconhecida antes e após a homologação da autoimposição tributária. Verificaremos, ainda, a Súmula Vinculante nº 08 e o lançamento tributário, objeto de discussão judicial e de coisa julgada. Estudaremos a repercussão da súmula com efeito vinculante sobre o parcelamento do crédito tributário nas hipóteses de certificação da inconstitucionalidade da norma que lhe serviu de fundamento, do crédito parcelado e da norma infraconstitucional que disciplina os prazos de prescrição e decadência. Por fim, debateremos a respeito da possibilidade, dos requisitos e do prazo para a repetição do indébito tributário no caso em estudo, bem como sobre os efeitos da Súmula Vinculante nº 08 em relação a esse instituto e a coisa julgada

Le droit des Affaires en Afrique se présente comme un labyrinthe en face duquel on manifeste des velléités à s’introduire. En effet, on y remarque une superposition de normes découlant d’une diversité d’instruments juridiques. Cette diversité n’est que la résultante d’une panoplie de zones économiques (UEMOA, CEMAC, CEDEAO notamment), une sorte de plusieurs unions européennes reposant sur deux systèmes juridiques fondamentaux qui coexistent : «Droit civil et Common Law». Il y a donc une difficulté, considérablement résorbée, mais loin d’être achevée liée à l’insécurité juridique voire judiciaire. Dans le but de constituer un point d’attraction aux investisseurs étrangers en particulier, et dans un souci de contribution à l’œuvre d’ «uniformisation» et non de simple harmonisation du droit des affaires qu’a amorcé le législateur de l’OHADA depuis le 17 octobre 1993 à Port-Louis en Ile-Maurice, en mettant en place le Traité constitutif de l’Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du droit des Affaires, il nous paraît impératif et opportun d’élaborer et de consolider une théorie générale relative aux contrats. La théorie générale dans le cadre de nos travaux se limitera aux contrats d’affaires car nous partons du postulat que cette catégorie de contrats constitue le socle de toutes opérations économiques. La théorie générale des contrats d’affaires reviendrait alors à mettre en place un droit commun des contrats d’affaires dans l’espace OHADA. Ladite théorie générale des contrats d’affaires doit trouver son ancrage dans les dispositions préexistantes sans toutefois renoncer à l’introduction de nouvelles règles susceptibles de contribuer à son succès. Elles doivent cependant, afin d’être efficaces voire effectives, rester compatibles avec les différents Actes uniformes de l’OHADA, œuvre ingénieuse déjà accomplie par le législateur de l’OHADA et surtout ne pas rejeter l’héritage du système juridique français. Notre réflexion trouvera son socle dans une étude du droit positif de l’OHADA et français, et, du droit prospectif émanant des avant-projets du droit des contrats d’une part, mais également de divers autres instruments juridiques d’autre part, qui nous permettront d’établir les normes juridiques voire les mesures devant prévaloir dans les relations contractuelles d’affaires de l’OHADA, de faire ressortir l’homogénéité, l’unicité ou la diversité de ce système contractuel d’affaires, de faire remarquer la relation fidèle ou non qu’entretient l’OHADA avec le système juridique français. / The business Law in Africa appears as a labyrinth in front of which we show vague desires to get. Actually we notice a superimposing of resulting standards from a diversity of legal instruments. The diversity is the resultant of an outfit of economic zones (UEMOA,CEMAC, ECOWAS, in particular), a kind of several European unions based on two fundamental legal systems which coexist : Civil Law and Common law. So, there is a difficulty considerably reduced, but far from being finished inherent to the even judicial legal insecurity. With the aim of establishing a point of attraction to the foreign investors especially, and in a concern of contribution to the work of «standardization» and not simple harmonization of the business law which the legislator of OHADA has begun since October 17th 1993, at Port-Louis in Ile-Maurice, by setting up the Treaty of the Organization of the harmonization of Busines law in Africa, it seems to us imperative and convenient to develop and strenghen a general theory relative to contracts. The general theory within the framework of our researches will limit itself to business contracts because we start from the postulate that this category of contracts constitutes the base of any economic operations. The general theory of business contracts would then mean setting up a common law of business contracts in OHADA area. The aformentionned general theory of business contracts has to fin its anchoring in the pre-existent measures without giving up the introduction of new rules susceptible to contribute to its success. However they have to remain compatible with the various uniform Acts of the OHADA, the ingenious work already achieved by the legislator ofthe OHADA and especially not reject the inheritance of the french legal system in order to be effective. Our reflection will find its base in the study of substantive law of the OHADA and French, and, the forward-looking law emanating from drafts from the contract law on one hand, but also from miscellaneous other legal instruments on the other hand, which will allow us to establish the legal rules even the measures that must prevail in the contractual business relationsof the OHADA, to highlight the homogeneity, the uniqueness or the diversity of this contractual business system, to point out the faithful relation or not that the OHADA with the french legal system maintains.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:35:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose do Carmo Veiga de Oliveira.pdf: 2248004 bytes, checksum: c075b1c71a2f6b8e1bd6691fd9576208 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil / The present work has the scope to conduct an investigation of the historical perspective about Globalization and its effects on the prowl in the world. Search for both, information that precede the navigations of the 15th and 16th centuries, crossing over the ages in retro-action until it reaches the year 3,200 Bc. This is an age-old phenomenon, and that is influencing the world in the most varied models of economy and, above all, achieving the Governments of countries called "peripherals" for practical driving force for countries which are known as "Central . Economies of various countries are "governed" by globalized factors which bring or take capital through investments, since the big corporations are economic conditions so as to ensure their right to property and, thus, copyright, around which revolve their financial activities. So, your preference lies with countries that have a stable judicial system and to provide the necessary security for the case to ensure them the return of their investments, so that there is an increasing concern with the improvement of the judicial system, to the point that the World Bank get researchers who surrender to the analysis of judicial systems. Was presented, for the Latin America and Caribbean, through the Document n. 319, who proposed a model of judicial power to this Continent. The proposal brought to some countries of America Latin, Caribbean and also for Brazil, a proposal whereby was adopted neoliberal economic policy, so as to establish a "minimal State". With that, generated a system able to provide clear and precise changes the point of establishing a major reform in the Brazilian judiciary, according to suggestions put forward in Document n. 319, the World Bank. The Brazilian Judiciary is experiencing a new reality in the context of the jurisdictional provision through adoption of a merging between the common law and the civil law, with the issue of a "new" code of Civil procedure, in order to give rapid delivery of the jurisdictional provision, in order to ensure the delivery of judgments previously known due to the adoption of the previous system and still, the issue of precedents with binding effect by the Supreme Court, so that all the organs of the judiciary until the judges of first degree of jurisdiction, the direct and indirect public administration, States Federal District and Municipalities, will be linked to the decision-making of those content decisions. In summary, the case-law of the verticalization is the Supreme Court and, thus, of the Superior Court of justice by linking courts of 2nd degree and the judgments of the first degree of jurisdiction. To seek an alternative which is able to allow the exclusion from the trial of concrete cases of the previous system, presents a possibility analysis of the facts supporting the claims made before the judiciary and so on its roots, enabling an approach that is different from the precedent adopted. This is the distinguinsh, i.e., to distinguish the facts and those that generate and maintain the previous system. Remains the clear conclusion that, in fact, the binding effect is an effort to avoid the continued fragmentation of the national legal system, by virtue of the breach of legal independence of National Courts. While, conversely, severely affects the rights and fundamental guarantees regarding the pursuit of jurisdictional provision, by virtue of his own Edition of precedents listed and adoption of the precedential system. Examines the Constitutional Amendment n. 45, December 8, 2004 which, by its nature and content, suppresses and weakens the exercise of citizenship by means of access to the jurisdiction, injuring the section IV, paragraph 4, of article 60 of the Constitution of the Republic, labeled "citizen". The various measures adopted through this Amendment n. 45/2004 are visible in the Document n. 319, from the World Bank, authored by researcher Maria Dakolias, especially with regard to the system of supervision and discipline of the judiciary, demonstrating clearly the "structural income" of the World Bank for the Judiciary of Latin America and Caribbean, and, in particular, to Brazil. / O presente trabalho tem o escopo de realizar uma investigação do ponto de vista histórico a respeito da Globalização e os seus efeitos ao derredor do mundo. Busca, para tanto, informações que precedem em muito as navegações dos Séculos XV e XVI, perpassando ao longo das eras em retroação até alcançar o ano 3.200 A.C. Trata-se de um fenômeno antiquíssimo e que vem influenciando o mundo nos mais variados modelos de economia e, sobretudo, atingindo os governos de países chamados de periféricos por força da condução de práticas por países que são conhecidos como centrais . Economias de vários países são regidas por fatores globalizados que trazem ou levam capitais por meio de investimentos, desde que as grandes corporações econômicas encontrem condições adequadas, de modo a assegurar o seu direito de propriedade e, assim, os direitos autorais, em torno dos quais giram as suas atividades financeiras. Assim, sua preferência recai sobre países que tenham um sistema judiciário estável e que proporcionem a necessária segurança para o caso de assegurar-lhes o retorno de seus investimentos, de modo que existe uma preocupação cada vez mais crescente com o aperfeiçoamento do sistema judicial, a ponto de o Banco Mundial buscar pesquisadores que se entreguem à análise de sistemas judiciais. Foi apresentada, para a América Latina e Caribe, por meio do Documento n. 319, uma proposta de modelo de Poder Judiciário. A proposta trouxe para alguns países da América Latina, Caribe, e também para o Brasil, um modelo por meio do qual foi adotada a política econômica neoliberal, de modo a se estabelecer um estado mínimo . Com isso, gerou um sistema capaz de proporcionar mudanças claras e precisas a ponto de se estabelecer uma grande reforma no Poder Judiciário Brasileiro, segundo sugestões apresentadas no Documento n. 319, do Banco Mundial. O Judiciário Brasileiro está experimentando uma nova realidade no âmbito da prestação jurisdicional por meio da adoção de uma mesclagem entre os sistemas common law e civil law, com a edição de um novo Código de Processo Civil, visando dar celeridade à entrega da prestação jurisdicional, de modo a garantir o proferimento de decisões judiciais previamente conhecidas em virtude da adoção do sistema de precedentes e, ainda, da edição de súmulas com efeito vinculante pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, de modo que todos os órgãos do Judiciário até os Juízes de primeiro grau de jurisdição, a administração pública direta e indireta dos Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios, estarão vinculados ao conteúdo decisório dessas decisões. Em síntese, é a verticalização da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal e, assim, do Superior Tribunal de Justiça vinculando os Tribunais de 2º grau e os Juízos de primeiro grau de jurisdição. Para efeito de se buscar uma alternativa que seja capaz de se permitir a exclusão do julgamento de casos concretos desse sistema de precedentes, apresenta-se uma possibilidade de análise dos fatos que sustentam as pretensões deduzidas perante o Judiciário e assim nas suas raízes, viabilizando uma abordagem que seja diversa dos precedentes adotados. Trata-se do distinguinsh, ou seja, de distinguir os fatos quanto àqueles que geraram e sustentam o sistema de precedentes. Resta a clara conclusão de que, na verdade, o efeito vinculante é um esforço no sentido de se evitar a continuidade da fragmentação do sistema jurídico nacional, por força da quebra da independência jurídica da Magistratura Nacional. Ao mesmo tempo em que, inversamente, atinge gravemente o exercício dos direitos e garantias fundamentais no que tange à busca da prestação jurisdicional, por força da própria edição de súmulas, enunciados e adoção do sistema precedentalista. Examina-se a Emenda Constitucional n. 45, de 08 de dezembro de 2004 que, por sua natureza e conteúdo, suprime e enfraquece o exercício da cidadania por meio do acesso à jurisdição, ferindo o inciso IV, do § 4º, do artigo 60, da Constituição da República, rotulada de cidadã . As várias medidas adotadas por meio dessa Emenda n. 45/2004 são visíveis no Documento n. 319, do Banco Mundial, de autoria da pesquisadora Maria Dakolias, mormente no que tange ao sistema de fiscalização e disciplina do Poder Judiciário, demonstrando, claramente, a receita estruturante do Banco Mundial para o Poder Judiciário da América Latina e Caribe e, em especial, para o Brasil.

Chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete is a worldwide problem. In order to predict how chlorides penetrate in concrete and how other ionic species in con-crete pore solution affect the penetration of chlorides, this thesis presents a numerical study on multi-phase modelling of ionic transport in concrete dominated by migration process. There are many advantages in rapid chloride migration test (RCM) method and numeri-cal approach. However, most of models in the literature predicting chloride diffusivity in concrete are diffusion models, which not consider the action of externally applied electric field. In view of this, the specific aim of this thesis is to develop a rational nu-merical migration model to simulate chloride migration tests. By using this model, the diffusion coefficient of chlorides in concrete will be efficiently predicted. Furthermore, other mechanisms of ionic transportation in composite materials can be scientifically in-vestigated in the meantime. In most existing work, researchers tend to use the assumption of electro-neutrality con-dition, which ensures that no external charge can be imported (Bockris and Reddy, 1998), to determine the electrostatic potential within concrete as well as considering a 1-D problem with only one phase structure and single species (i.e. the chlorides) for pre-dicting the ionic migration. In contrast, this thesis presents a number of sets of multi-phase migration models in more than one dimension and uses the Poisson’s equation for controlling the multi-species interactions. By solving both mass conservation and Pois-son’s equations, the distribution profiles of each ionic species and electrostatic potential at any required time are successfully obtained. Some significant factors, i.e. the influ-ence of dimensions, aggregates, interfacial transition zones (ITZs), cracks and binding effect have also been discussed in detail. The results reveal a series of important features which may not be seen from existing numerical models. For quantitative study, this thesis also provides the prediction method of chloride diffu-sivity not only by the traditional stationary diffusion models but also by the migration models presented in the thesis. The obtained results are compared with three proven analytical models, i.e., Maxwell’s model (Dormieux and Lemarchand, 2000), Brug-geman’s equation (Bruggeman’s, 1935) and the lower bound of the effective diffusion coefficient proposed by Li et al. (2012) as well as validated against experimental data sets of an accelerated chloride migration test (ACMT) brought by Yang and Su (2002).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Georges Abboud.pdf: 1680928 bytes, checksum: d48a0153ad6961646c7424df74db0d57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-06 / The present work aims to examine the principle procedural aspects related to the unconstitutional decision. Thus, the following institutes will be explained: claim preclusion (res judicata), erga omnes effect and binding effect. All of them will be explained and compared with the similar effects of the comparative law. After identifying these effects and demonstrating their differences, we will examine how they affect the different types of unconstitutional decisions. Therefore, the interpretative, manipulative and restrictive decisions will be discussed. Finally, we will examine the recent institute of abridgment of law, showing what the similarities and differences in relation to the decisions in the concentrated control of constitutionality / O presente trabalho tem por escopo examinar os principais aspectos processuais relacionados à decisão de inconstitucionalidade. Assim, serão analisados os seguintes institutos: coisa julgada, efeito erga omnes e efeito vinculante. Todos eles serão explicados e confrontados com os efeitos existentes no direito comparado. Após identificarmos esses efeitos e demonstrarmos suas diferenças, passaremos a examinar como eles incidem na tipologia das decisões de inconstitucionalidade. Desse modo, abordaremos as decisões interpretativas, manipulativas e limitativas. Por fim, examinaremos o recente instituto das súmulas vinculantes, demonstrando quais são suas semelhanças e diferenças em relação às decisões proferidas no controle concentrado de constitucionalidade

Le droit potestatif permet à son titulaire de créer, modifier ou éteindre la situation juridique d’autrui. La relation de travail, quant à elle, est empreinte d’une logique de pouvoir(s). Comment intégrer dans ces conditions le concept de droit potestatif au contrat de travail ? Comment ce dernier réceptionne-t-il la potestativité ? À quel prix la figure du droit potestatif s’adapte-t-elle ? Si les droits potestatifs sont acceptés dans le contrat de travail, ce n’est que de manière encadrée, dirigée, limitée. Les droits potestatifs sont alors contrôlés et sanctionnés par une jurisprudence qui entend en faire respecter l’esprit et les limites. Mais, parce que le droit potestatif s’exerce au moyen d’un acte unilatéral, parce qu’il s’agit de la faculté d’imposer sa volonté à autrui, les intérêts du destinataire ne doivent-ils pas a minima être préservés ? L’objet du contrat de travail, la subordination du salarié, pose ainsi notamment la question de la place à accorder aux droits et libertés fondamentaux du salarié. / A potestative right allows his holder to create, modify or extinguish another’s legal situation. The employment relation, as for it, is marked by a logic of power(s). How, in these conditions, does the concept of potestative right enter the employment contract? How does the latter receive the potestative right ? What sacrifices should be made by the potestative rights ?If potestative rights are accepted in the employment contract, it is only in a framed, supervised and limited way. Potestative rights are then controlled and sanctioned by judges willing to enforce both its spirit and limits.However, since the potestative right is applied through a unilateral act, because it concerns the ability to impose one’s will upon others, shouldn’t the interests of the recipient be preserved, at the very least? The object of the employment contract, the subordination of the employee, therefore leads towards the question of the place to begiven to the employee’s fundamental rights and freedoms.