Spelling suggestions: "subject:"one marrow transplantation"" "subject:"done marrow transplantation""
171 |
Análise de polimorfismos dos genes HFE, fator V de Leiden, protrombina, glutationa-S transferase, metilenotetrahidrofolato e o risco de doença veno-oclusiva hepática em pacientes submetidos a transplante alogênico de células tronco hematopoiéticas: Estudo clínico observacional / Inglês: Analysis genetic polymorphisms of HFE, prothrombin, factor V Leiden, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, glutathione S-transferase in hepatic veno-occlusive disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a observe clinical studyResende Junior, José Dias [UNIFESP] 29 October 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2010-10-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
Publico-018.pdf: 1910669 bytes, checksum: a40b61267560276f1db47642341c6e56 (MD5) / Introdução: Polimorfismos genéticos estão associados com um aumento do risco de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) e outras doenças cardiovasculares. Estudos prévios sugerem que a doença venooclusiva hepática (DVOH), que se desenvolve intra transplante de medula óssea pode ser atribuída à polimorfismos gênicos. Objetivos: Avaliar a correlação entre polimorfismos genéticos e o risco de doença venooclusiva hepática no transplante de medula óssea e a associação com a presença de variáveis como o uso de vancomicina, drogas citotóxicas usadas no regime de condicionamento, presença de disfução hepática anterior ao transplante, presença de infecção por citomegalovírus, e grupos de doenças avaliáveis. Pacientes e métodos: Este estudo caracteriza-se por um estudo clinico observacional multicêntrico. Foram avaliados 120 pacientes, submetidos a transplante alogênico de medula óssea. Cada paciente foi avaliado propectivamente para DVOH, confirmado pelo critério de Seattle modificado, idade variando de 2 a 65 anos. Fatores de risco para DVOH severo foram analisados usando modelos estatisticos de avaliação. Detectamos simultaneamente através de PCR seguido de digestão e detecção através de eletroforese em gel de agarose, mutação do HFE C282Y, H63D, S65C; MTHFR C677T; Fator V de Leiden, Protrombina 20210A e glutationa S-tranferase. Resultados: Neste estudo observacional de pessoas, submetidas a transplante de medula óssea alogênico, a presença de disfução hepática pré transplante foi um fator de risco significante para DVOH. Nós tambem observamos uma associação entre a presença de mutação HFE S65C e disfunção hepática. Conclusões: Em resumo, nossos dados sugerem que disfunção hepatica observada pré transplante de medula óssea é um fator de risco estatisticamente significante para DVOH e que a presença da mutação do HFE S65C apresenta uma tendência ao desenvolvimento de dano hepático. Contudo, não evidenciamos associação dos polimorfismos estudados com DVOH. / TEDE
|
172 |
Análise clínica e epidemiológica do transplante de medula óssea no Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreCastro Junior, Cláudio Galvão de January 2002 (has links)
Objetivos: Descrever o perfil e as complicações agudas mais importantes das crianças que receberam transplante de medula óssea (TMO) em nosso Serviço. Casuística e métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 41 pacientes menores de 21 anos transplantados entre Agosto de 1997 até Junho de 2002. Deste total 20 receberam transplante alogênico e 21 receberam transplante autogênico. Resultados: No TMO alogênico a média de idade foi de 8,9 + 5,4 anos, sendo 12 pacientes do sexo masculino. As fontes de células foram: medula óssea (MO) 12, sangue periférico (SP) 5, sangue de cordão umbilical não aparentado (SCU) 3. As doenças tratadas foram leucemia linfóide aguda (LLA) 7 pacientes, leucemia linfóide crônica (LMC) 2; leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) 4; Síndrome mielodisplásica 2; Linfoma de Burkitt 1, Anemia aplástica grave 1; Anemia de Fanconi 1; Síndrome Chediak Higashi 1; Imunodeficiência congênita combinada grave 1. Um paciente desenvolveu doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro (DECH) aguda grau 2 e três DECH grau 4. Três pacientes desenvolveram DECH crônica. Todos haviam recebido SP como fonte de células. A sobrevida global foi de 70,0 + 10,3%. A principal causa do óbito foi DECH em 3 pacientes e sépse em outros 3. Todos os óbitos ocorreram antes do dia 100. Um dos pacientes que recebeu SCU está vivo em bom estado e sem uso de medicações 3 anos e 6 meses pós TMO. No TMO autogênico, a média de idade foi de 8,7 + 4,3 anos, sendo 11 pacientes do sexo masculino. As fontes de células foram SP 16, MO 3, SP + MO 2. As doenças tratadas foram: tumor de Wilms 5; tumores da família do sarcoma de Ewing 4; neuroblastomas 3; linfomas de Hodgkin 3; rabdomiossarcomas 2, tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo do SNC 2; Linfoma não Hodgkin 1; LMA 1. A sobrevida global está em 59,4 + 11,7 %. Cinco óbitos tiveram como causa a progressão da doença de base, um óbito ocorreu devido à infecção 20 meses pós TMO e dois óbitos foram precoces por sépse. As toxicidades mais comuns em ambos os grupos foram vômitos, mucosite, diarréia e dor abdominal. Infecções foram documentadas em 58,5% dos pacientes e 46,9% tiveram no mínimo um agente isolado na hemocultura. Os tempos de enxertia de neutrófilos e plaquetas correlacionaram-se com o número de células progenitoras infundidas. Conclusão: A sobrevida de nossos pacientes é semelhante à encontrada na literatura de outros serviços nacionais e internacionais. Não encontramos diferença entre os dois tipos de transplante com relação às toxicidades agudas e ás infecções. / Objectives: To describe the demografics and the most important acute clinical complications of the patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at our Service. Material and methods: A Retrospective analysis was performed including 41 patients treated between August 1997 and June 2002. Twenty patients had a allogeneic BMT and 21 autologous BMT. Results: Regarding allogeneic BMT the mean age was 8.9 + 5.4 years. Twelve patients were male. The stem cells sources were: bone marrow (BM) 12, peripheral blood (PB) 5, unrelated cord blood (UCB) 3. The diseases were acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) in 7 patients, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 4, Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) 2, myelodysplastic syndrome 2, Burkitt’s lymphoma 1, severe combined immunodeficiency 1, Chediaki Higashi 1, Fanconi anemia 1, aplastic anemia 1. One patient developed grade 2 acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and 3 had grade 4. Three patients developed chronic GVHD. All of them received PB as cell source. The overall survival was 70.0 + 10.3%. The main cause of death was GVHD in 3 patients and sepsis in the 3 other ones. All deaths occurred before day 100. One of the patients who received UCB is alive 3.5 years after the transplantation. Regarding autologous BMT, the mean age was 8,7 + 4,3 years. Eleven patients were male. The stem cell sources were: PB 16, BM 3, PB + BM 2. The diseases were: Wilms tumor 5, Ewing’s sarcoma family tumors 4, neuroblastoma 3, Hodgkin’s disease 3, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 1, rhabdomiossarcoma 2, Neuroectodermic tumor of the central nervous system 2, AML 1. The overall survival was 59.4 + 11.7%. Five patients died due to tumor relapse, 2 patients due to sepsis and one patient died in remission 20 months after BMT due to infection. In the whole group the most common toxicities were vomiting, mucositis, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Infections were documented in 58.5% of the patients and 46.9% had at least one agent isolated in the blood culture. The time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were correlated to the number of hematopoietic stem cell infused. Conclusion: The overall survival in our patients is similar to the reported on the literature. We did not find differences between autologous and allogeneic BMT, regarding acute toxicities and infections.
|
173 |
Análise clínica e epidemiológica do transplante de medula óssea no Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreCastro Junior, Cláudio Galvão de January 2002 (has links)
Objetivos: Descrever o perfil e as complicações agudas mais importantes das crianças que receberam transplante de medula óssea (TMO) em nosso Serviço. Casuística e métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 41 pacientes menores de 21 anos transplantados entre Agosto de 1997 até Junho de 2002. Deste total 20 receberam transplante alogênico e 21 receberam transplante autogênico. Resultados: No TMO alogênico a média de idade foi de 8,9 + 5,4 anos, sendo 12 pacientes do sexo masculino. As fontes de células foram: medula óssea (MO) 12, sangue periférico (SP) 5, sangue de cordão umbilical não aparentado (SCU) 3. As doenças tratadas foram leucemia linfóide aguda (LLA) 7 pacientes, leucemia linfóide crônica (LMC) 2; leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) 4; Síndrome mielodisplásica 2; Linfoma de Burkitt 1, Anemia aplástica grave 1; Anemia de Fanconi 1; Síndrome Chediak Higashi 1; Imunodeficiência congênita combinada grave 1. Um paciente desenvolveu doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro (DECH) aguda grau 2 e três DECH grau 4. Três pacientes desenvolveram DECH crônica. Todos haviam recebido SP como fonte de células. A sobrevida global foi de 70,0 + 10,3%. A principal causa do óbito foi DECH em 3 pacientes e sépse em outros 3. Todos os óbitos ocorreram antes do dia 100. Um dos pacientes que recebeu SCU está vivo em bom estado e sem uso de medicações 3 anos e 6 meses pós TMO. No TMO autogênico, a média de idade foi de 8,7 + 4,3 anos, sendo 11 pacientes do sexo masculino. As fontes de células foram SP 16, MO 3, SP + MO 2. As doenças tratadas foram: tumor de Wilms 5; tumores da família do sarcoma de Ewing 4; neuroblastomas 3; linfomas de Hodgkin 3; rabdomiossarcomas 2, tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo do SNC 2; Linfoma não Hodgkin 1; LMA 1. A sobrevida global está em 59,4 + 11,7 %. Cinco óbitos tiveram como causa a progressão da doença de base, um óbito ocorreu devido à infecção 20 meses pós TMO e dois óbitos foram precoces por sépse. As toxicidades mais comuns em ambos os grupos foram vômitos, mucosite, diarréia e dor abdominal. Infecções foram documentadas em 58,5% dos pacientes e 46,9% tiveram no mínimo um agente isolado na hemocultura. Os tempos de enxertia de neutrófilos e plaquetas correlacionaram-se com o número de células progenitoras infundidas. Conclusão: A sobrevida de nossos pacientes é semelhante à encontrada na literatura de outros serviços nacionais e internacionais. Não encontramos diferença entre os dois tipos de transplante com relação às toxicidades agudas e ás infecções. / Objectives: To describe the demografics and the most important acute clinical complications of the patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at our Service. Material and methods: A Retrospective analysis was performed including 41 patients treated between August 1997 and June 2002. Twenty patients had a allogeneic BMT and 21 autologous BMT. Results: Regarding allogeneic BMT the mean age was 8.9 + 5.4 years. Twelve patients were male. The stem cells sources were: bone marrow (BM) 12, peripheral blood (PB) 5, unrelated cord blood (UCB) 3. The diseases were acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) in 7 patients, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 4, Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) 2, myelodysplastic syndrome 2, Burkitt’s lymphoma 1, severe combined immunodeficiency 1, Chediaki Higashi 1, Fanconi anemia 1, aplastic anemia 1. One patient developed grade 2 acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and 3 had grade 4. Three patients developed chronic GVHD. All of them received PB as cell source. The overall survival was 70.0 + 10.3%. The main cause of death was GVHD in 3 patients and sepsis in the 3 other ones. All deaths occurred before day 100. One of the patients who received UCB is alive 3.5 years after the transplantation. Regarding autologous BMT, the mean age was 8,7 + 4,3 years. Eleven patients were male. The stem cell sources were: PB 16, BM 3, PB + BM 2. The diseases were: Wilms tumor 5, Ewing’s sarcoma family tumors 4, neuroblastoma 3, Hodgkin’s disease 3, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 1, rhabdomiossarcoma 2, Neuroectodermic tumor of the central nervous system 2, AML 1. The overall survival was 59.4 + 11.7%. Five patients died due to tumor relapse, 2 patients due to sepsis and one patient died in remission 20 months after BMT due to infection. In the whole group the most common toxicities were vomiting, mucositis, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Infections were documented in 58.5% of the patients and 46.9% had at least one agent isolated in the blood culture. The time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were correlated to the number of hematopoietic stem cell infused. Conclusion: The overall survival in our patients is similar to the reported on the literature. We did not find differences between autologous and allogeneic BMT, regarding acute toxicities and infections.
|
174 |
Complicações pulmonares relacionadas ao transplante de medula óssea / Pulmonary complications related to bone marrow transplantationFlavia Cristina Almeida Leite Figueiredo 24 September 2008 (has links)
Transplante de medula óssea (TMO) é um procedimento terapêutico que tem como o objetivo a substituição da medula óssea doente por outra saudável. É utilizado em pacientes oncológicos e pode representar a cura da malignidade hematológica ou o resgate da medula óssea para a continuidade do tratamento antineoplásico. No TMO são empregadas drogas com alta toxicidade que agem ao nível sistêmico e que podem causar severos danos ao organismo. Esses danos resultam em complicações diversas que irão influenciar o prognóstico e sobrevida do paciente. As complicações pulmonares são associadas a altas taxas de mortalidade, sobretudo quando a ventilação mecânica (VM) é necessária. Ainda não há consenso na literatura quanto às causas, os fatores de risco e o tratamento adequado. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os fatores preditivos para insuficiência respiratória (IRP) em paciente oncológicos após o TMO autólogo e investigar o impacto da ventilação não-invasiva (VNI) na evolução clínica destes pacientes. Foi realizado o levantamento retrospectivo de 161 pacientes submetidos ao TMO autólogo no Hospital A.C. Camargo entre 1995 e 2005. Houve forte associação de IRP e óbito (p< 0,001) e também observamos associação com mucosite (p=0,016) e etilismo (p=0,036), essa associação permaneceu significante na análise multivariada [mucosite (p=0,004) e etilismo (p=0,02)]. De acordo com a análise de sobrevida encontramos associação com o maior número de regimes de quimioterapia no passado (p= 0.005), mucosite (p= 0.029), etilismo (p= 0.044) e redução da capacidade de difusão de monóxido de carbono (p=0.048). Em nosso estudo a taxa de mortalidade permanece alta para aqueles pacientes que desenvolvem IRP e necessitam de VM. A VNI não demonstrou efeito protetor na sobrevida dos pacientes que evoluíram com IRP. A mucosite mostrou-se um fator de piora no prognóstico destes pacientes devendo ser agressivamente evitada e tratada. O impacto do etilismo na incidência de insuficiência respiratória (IRP) e mortalidade destes pacientes merece destaque especial com necessidade de mais pesquisas. O stress oxidativo parece ter um importante efeito causal para as complicações pulmonares após o TMO podendo ser potencializado pelo etilismo. O maior número de esquemas de quimioterapia no passado aumentou a mortalidade, isso poderia representar pacientes com neoplasias mais resistentes ao tratamento ou pacientes que foram expostos ao efeito cumulativo das drogas. A capacidade de difusão de monóxido de carbono é um teste bastante útil para prever risco de óbito / Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a therapeutic procedure to replace unable marrow for another healthy one. Its used in cancer patients to cure or refresh marrow to keep the cancer treatment. Respiratory failure (RF) after BMT is associated with high mortality specially when mechanical ventilation (MV) is needed, it may be due to treatment-related toxicity, infection, or immunologic insufficiency. Many studies have trying to identify causes, predicting factors and response for the usual treatment, but until now there is no agreement in literature. The aim of this study is to identify which factors evaluated in routine anamnesis and exams pretransplant can affect the prognosis of those patients. We retrospectively collected variables in 161 consecutive cancer patients who had undergone autologous BMT. The variables obtained from the in-hospital period were submitted to univariated and multivariated stepwise logistic regression analyses. Survival analysis also was computed in 100 days follow up. There were highest association for respiratory failure (RF) with death (p<0.001) and we also found a significant association with alcohol abuse (p =0.036) and mucositis (p=0.016), and those variables remained statically significant in multivariated analysis [mucositis (p=0.004) and alcohol abuse (p=0.02)]. According to survival analysis we found significance for the major number of chemotherapy regimens received in the past (p= 0.005), mucositis (p= 0.029), alcohol abuse (p= 0.044) and decreased monoxide carbon diffusion (p=0.048). In our study the mortality rate remains high for those patients who develop RF and need MV. It seems not to have impact what kind of ventilatory support is used (invasive or non-invasive ventilation). Mucositis needs special attention because treating it we can be preventing RF and decrease mortality rates. The effect of alcohol abuse in mortality rate and RF deserve a special attention because its socially accepted and his deleterious action its not explained. The oxidative stress seems to have an important main effect over post-transplant complications and it can be increased by alcohol abuse history. The major number of chemotherapy regimens received in the past increase mortality, it could represent patients who had baseline disease more difficult to treat, more resistant, or patients who were exposed to a cumulative side effect of drugs. Monoxide carbon diffusion is a useful test to identify the risk for death
|
175 |
Estudo da interação das células-tronco mesenquimais e linfócitos no modelo da doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro / Study of mesenchymal stem cells and lymphocytes interaction in graft versus host disease modelMarília Normanton 10 July 2014 (has links)
Uma das principais complicações inerentes ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas é a doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro (DECH), que se trata da resposta imunológica contra os tecidos do receptor pelas células T do doador contidas no transplante. Este quadro é responsável por 15-30% das mortes que ocorrem após o transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas alogênicas. Apesar dos recentes avanços para reduzir a incidência de DECH através de alternância de regimes profiláticos reduzindo a intensidade do condicionamento, são poucos os tratamentos efetivos. Recentemente, o potencial imunomodulador das células-tronco mesenquimais tornou-se o foco de vários estudos. Alguns autores descreveram a atuação destas células na redução da resposta imunológica através da inibição da proliferação de células T, representando um novo potencial terapêutico para DECH. Mediante esse conhecimento, investigamos o papel das células-tronco mesenquimais na proliferação, apoptose e na produção de citocinas por linfócitos T. Nossos resultados mostraram que a presença de células-tronco mesenquimais nas culturas regulam negativamente a proliferação de linfócitos T estimulados de forma independente de contato e a apoptose de forma parcialmente dependente de contato. Observamos também que linfócitos T virgens em diferenciação para Th17 na presença de células-tronco mesenquimais apresentam redução na capacidade de produzir duas importantes citocinas efetoras implicadas na DECH, o interferon gama (IFN-y) e a interleucina 17A (IL-17A). Investigamos se a prostaglandina E2 (PGE2), por depletar triptofano, estava envolvida com a diminuição de proliferação de linfócitos T quando em cultivo com células-tronco mesenquimais. Utilizamos nas culturas a indometacina (IDT), um anti-inflamatório bloqueador de cicloxigenase (COX 1 e 2) e portanto da via da PGE2. Entretanto, observamos que o bloqueio da via da PGE2 inibia ainda mais a proliferação de linfócitos T e isto ocorria de acordo com a dose de IDT. Com o resultado deste experimento concluímos que, se a proliferação de linfócitos é inibida pela depleção de triptofano do meio, ela não ocorre via PGE2. Entretanto ainda não conseguimos esclarecer se esta via é ativada por outras moléculas, ou se é esta a via realmente responsável pela inibição da proliferação de linfócitos. No que concerne a via de inibição de apoptose, mostramos que a cadeia alpha do receptor de IL-7 (CD127) está aumentada na superfície de linfócitos T quando em presença de células-tronco mesenquimais. Verificamos que o bloqueio de IL-7 nas culturas aumenta a apoptose em linfócitos, bem como sua adição causa diminuição de apoptose. Identificamos a produção intracelular de IL-7 nas células-tronco mesenquimais, relacionando estas células e IL-7 com a inibição de apoptose em linfócitos T nestas condições. Este trabalho gerou dados que permitiram a compreensão de alguns possíveis mecanismos pelos quais as MSCs podem atuar sobre linfócitos T ativados e/ou alorreativos; mecanismos estes que podem ser utilizados como base para futuras investigações na elucidação e prevenção da DECH / A major complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the graft versus host disease (GVHD), which is an immunological response of transplanted donor T cells against the recipient tissues; this outline is responsible for 15-30% of deaths that can occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplant. Despite recent advances in reducing GVHD incidence by alternating prophylactic regimens, thus reducing the intensity of conditioning, there are few effective treatments. Recently, the immune modulatory potential of mesenchymal stem cells has become the focus of several studies. Some authors described the role of these cells in reducing immune response by inhibiting T cell proliferation, representing a potential new therapy for GVHD. Through this knowledge, we investigated the mesenchymal stem cells role into T lymphocytes proliferation, apoptosis and cytokine production. Our results showed that the presence of mesenchymal stem cells into the cultures downregulates the proliferation of stimulated lymphocytes independent of contact and apoptosis of stimulated lymphocytes in partially contact-dependent manner. We also observed during naive T lymphocytes differentiation into Th17 cells, that the mesenchymal stem cell presence reduces the lymphocyte ability in producing the GVHD major effectors cytokines, interferon gamma (IFN-y) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A). We investigated whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was involved in the reduction of T lymphocytes proliferation, when cultured with mesenchymal stem cells, by tryptophan depletion. Indomethacin (IDT), an anti-inflammatory drug blocker of cyclooxygenase (COX 1 and 2) and therefore PGE2 pathway, was used. However, we observed that, according to IDT dose, blocking this pathway further inhibited lymphocyte proliferation. With this result we conclude that if lymphocyte proliferation is inhibited by tryptophan depletion, it does not occur via PGE2. However, we still cannot say whether this pathway is activated by other molecules, or if this pathway is actually responsible for T lymphocytes proliferation inhibition. Regarding the apoptosis inhibition in T lymphocytes, we show that the IL-7 receptor alpha chain (CD127) is increased on the surface of T lymphocytes when in the presence of mesenchymal stem cells. We found that IL-7 blockage in the cultures increases apoptosis in T lymphocytes, as well as their addition causes apoptosis decrease. We also identified the intracellular production of IL-7 on mesenchymal stem cells, linking these cells and IL-7 directly with apoptosis inhibition in T lymphocytes under these conditions This work has generated data that allowed the understanding of some possible mechanisms by which MSCs can act on activated and/or alloreactive T lymphocytes; mechanisms that can be used as a basis for future research in the elucidation and prevention of GVHD
|
176 |
Impact d’une prise en charge par la relaxation psychothérapique sur l’ajustement émotionnel, la qualité de vie et l’image du corps de patients atteints d’un cancer hématologique, hospitalisés en secteur stérile pour une greffe de moelle osseuse / Impact of psychotherapeutic relaxation interventions on emotional adjustment, quality of life and body image in hematologic cancer patients hospitalized in a sterile hospital's area for a bone marrow transplantationKostopoulou-Grolleau, Panagiota 14 December 2015 (has links)
Introduction : La prise en charge psychologique de patients pendant le processus de greffe demoelle osseuse pour un cancer hématologique fait partie intégrante du parcoursthérapeutique. Cette étude a deux objectifs : (1) tester l’impact d’une prise en charge par larelaxation psychothérapique, Méthode Sapir à court et à moyen terme, auprès de cettepopulation (2) savoir si des variables dispositionnelles (alexithymie, optimisme) et desvariables transactionnelles (stratégies de coping, soutien social perçu) peuvent influencer cetimpact.Méthode : 39 patients ont été inclus. Le groupé expérimental (N=20) a bénéficié d’une priseen charge par la relaxation psychothérapique tandis que le groupe contrôle (N = 19) a eu unsuivi psychologique traditionnel. Les patients ont été évalués 4 jours avant la greffe (T1),puis 45 jours (T2) et 100 jours (T3) après la greffe. Les variables dispositionnelles(alexithymie, optimisme), les variables transactionnelles (coping, soutien social perçu) et lesissues à prédire (état émotionnel, image du corps et qualité de vie) ont été mesurées.Résultats : A T3, les patients du groupe expérimental sont significativement moins anxieux(p<0,001), éprouvent une meilleure satisfaction corporelle (p<0,01) et ont une meilleureQDV physique (p≤0,001) qu’à T1. Chez les patients du groupe contrôle aucun changementsignificatif n’est observé avec le temps. Par ailleurs, aucune différence significative entre lesdeux groupes n’a été trouvée aux trois temps de l’étude. A T3, les patients alexithymiques dugroupe expérimental sont significativement moins dépressifs (p<0,05), ont une meilleureQDV cognitive (p<0,01) et émotionnelle (p<0,01) qu’à T1.A T3, les patients les plusoptimistes du groupe expérimental rapportent une meilleure QDV physique (p<0,05) etémotionnelle (p<0,05) qu’à T1.Chez les patients du groupe contrôle aucune modération del’alexithymie et de l’optimisme sur l’ajustement au cancer n’est observée. Enfin, l’effet demédiation du coping et du soutien social perçu n’a pas été démontré dans cette étude.Conclusion : La prise en charge par la relaxation psychothérapique a une place auprès decette population. L’illustration de deux cas cliniques vient confirmer ces propos. Cependant,au regard du faible nombre de sujets, il convient de contre-valider ces résultats auprès d’unepopulation plus large. / Introduction: The psychological care of patients during the process of bone marrowtransplantation for a hematological cancer is part of the therapeutic process. This study hastwo objectives: (1) to test at a short and medium term the impact of psychotherapeuticrelaxation, Sapir’s method, on the psychological adjustment of patients with hematologiccancer hospitalized at a sterile hospital’s room for bone marrow transplantation; (2) toexamine weather dispositional variables (alexithymia, optimism) and transactional variables(coping, perceived social support) can influence this impact.Method: 39 patients were included. The experimental group (N=20) received a care ofpsychotherapeutic relaxation while the control group received a traditional psychologicalfollow-up. Patients were evaluated 4 days before transplantation (T1), 45 days aftertransplantation (T2) and 100 days post-transplantation (T3), respectively. Personalityvariables (alexithymia, optimism), adjustment of cancer variables (emotional state, bodyimage, quality of life) and transactional variables (coping, perceived social support) weremeasured.Results: The patients in the experimental group at T3 are significantly less anxious(p<0.001), experienced a better body satisfaction (p<0.01) and a better physical quality oflife (p≤0.001) than at T1. In patients of the group control, no significant positive or negativemovements are observed by the time on studied variables. Moreover, no significantdifferences are found between two groups on three times of study. The alexithymic patientsof the experimental group are significantly less depressed at T3 (p<0.01) and experienced abetter cognitive (0.01) and emotional (p<0.01) quality of life. The most optimistic patients ofthe experimental group have a better physical (p<0.05) and emotional (p<0.05) quality oflife. In patients of the control group, no moderation of alexithymia and optimism is observedon cancer adjustment. Finally, the mediating effect of coping and perceived social support isnot demonstrated in this study.Conclusion: The psychotherapeutic relaxation has an important place to this population. Thisis confirmed by the illustration of two cases. Finally, due to the small number of subjectsincluded, these results require validation on a larger population.
|
177 |
Medidas utilizadas na prevenção de infecções em transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas: evidências para a prática / Infection prevention measures used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: evidences for practiceLivia Maria Garbin 30 June 2010 (has links)
O transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas (TCTH) consiste em um procedimento complexo e relacionado à ocorrência de diversas complicações, dentre elas os processos infecciosos decorrentes do longo período de imunossupressão vivenciado após a instituição do regime de condicionamento. Inúmeras medidas têm sido empregadas visando à prevenção e controle de infecções, porém, observam-se divergências em relação à utilização das mesmas; sendo que o emprego da prática baseada em evidências possibilita ao profissional tomar decisões em relação à sua prática fundamentadas em resultados de pesquisas científicas atuais. Esta revisão integrativa da literatura teve como objetivo identificar e avaliar as evidências disponíveis na literatura e publicadas nos últimos 20 anos em relação ao uso de três medidas de prevenção de infecção em pacientes submetidos ao TCTH durante o período de internação: uso de filtros de ar de alta eficiência, isolamento protetor e máscaras. Para a seleção dos artigos foram utilizadas as bases de dados LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL, EMBASE e a Biblioteca Cochrane. A amostra foi composta por 15 estudos, sendo que apenas um apresentou nível de evidência forte (nível I), dois apresentaram nível de evidência moderado (nível IV e V) e doze consistiram em estudos com evidências fracas (nível VI e VII). Dez estudos abordaram a utilização dos filtros HEPA, sendo recomendado seu emprego para pacientes submetidos ao transplante alogênico durante o período de neutropenia. A necessidade de seu uso para pacientes submetidos ao transplante autólogo ainda é controversa. Nove trabalhos abordaram o uso do isolamento protetor e, embora alguns autores relatem que o emprego do mesmo parece apresentar benefícios quando não se dispõe de filtros HEPA, a utilização desta medida já não é mais indicada tanto pelos Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) quanto pela maioria dos estudos analisados. Em relação à utilização de máscaras por pacientes, profissionais de saúde ou visitantes dentro das unidades de internação para TCTH, não foram encontrados estudos com evidências fortes que justifiquem o seu uso. No entanto, recomenda-se que sejam seguidas as diretrizes dos CDC quanto ao uso de respiradores especiais (como as máscaras N95) pelos pacientes imunocomprometidos submetidos ao TCTH ao deixar a unidade de transplante provida de filtro HEPA quando próximo a ela houver áreas de construção/reforma ou atividades geradoras de poeira. Embora os dados evidenciados auxiliem na tomada de decisão para a implementação da assistência de enfermagem a estes pacientes, verificou-se a necessidade de realização de estudos com nível de evidência forte que comprovem ou refutem a efetividade destas medidas. / Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a complex procedure related to the occurrence of different complications, including infectious processes deriving from the long period of immunosuppression experienced after the establishment of the conditioning regimen. Countless measures have been used for infection prevention and control, but divergences are observed with regard to their use; evidence-based practice allows professionals to make decisions for practice based on current scientific research results. This integrative literature review aimed to identify and assess evidence available in literature and published in the last 20 years about the use of three infection prevention measures in patients submitted to HSCT during hospitalization: use of high-efficiency air filters, protective isolation and masks. LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were used to select the articles. The sample comprised 15 studies, only one of which presented strong evidence (level I), while two presented moderate evidence (levels IV and V) and twelve were studies with weak evidence (levels VI and VII). Ten studies discussed the use of HEPA filters, recommended for patients submitted to allogeneic transplantation during the neutropenia period. It remains controversial whether these filters need to be used for patients submitted to autologous transplant. Nine studies addressed the use of protective isolation and, although some authors report that using this measure can be beneficial when HEPA filters are unavailable, neither the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) nor by most of the studies under analysis indicate it any longer. With regard to the use of masks by patients, health professionals or visitors inside HSCT hospitalization units, no studies with strong evidence were found that justify its use. However, it is recommended that CDC recommendations be followed regarding the use of special respirators (like N95 masks) by immunocompromised patients submitted to HSCT when they leave the transplantation unit with a HEPA filter in case of nearby construction/reform areas or activities that generate dust. Although the evidenced data support decision making with a view to nursing care delivery to these patients, research with strong evidence is needed to prove or reject the efficacy of these measures.
|
178 |
Oral and Intravenous Itraconazole for Systemic Fungal Infections in Neutropenic Haematological Patients: Meeting ReportPrentice, H. Grant, Caillot, Denis, Dupont, B., Menichetti, F., Schuler, Ulrich January 1999 (has links)
Effective prevention, or treatment, of invasive fungal infection in the neutropenic patient has hitherto been unsatisfactory because of either an inadequate anti-fungal spectrum of the agent or important toxicity. Itraconazole is effective against a broad spectrum of the opportunistic pathogens seen in Europe and North America. Prior problems with absorption, e.g. in the marrow transplant recipient, have been overcome with the introduction of an oral solution and an i.v. preparation. The deliberations of an expert meeting held in June, 1998 include recommendations on which patient requires one of these new preparations based on clinical trials, the dose and route. Important drug interactions are also detailed. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
|
179 |
Immunogeneic Cell Populations of the Skin: Pattern of Dendritic Cells and T Cells in Healthy Skin and in Skin of Patients During Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationEger, Lars 29 April 2008 (has links)
Dendritic cells (DCs), a hematopoietic cell type belonging to the sub-group of cells called antigen presenting cells (APCs), inhabit a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. Although the DC family is very heterogeneous, all members share unique features. Most importantly, DCs can stimulate an immune response. This is due to the cells’ ability to capture and process antigens and to maturate in the presence of danger signals presented by pathogens. Maturation in turn results in the migration of DCs from the tissue they reside in to the draining lymph nodes, as well as in the subsequent presentation of the acquired antigens to T cells. In the skin, which is one of the most immunogeneic organs, DCs are present in sizable numbers in both the epidermis and the dermis. This study focused on two types of DCs: epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and dermal DCs (DDCs). While much is understood about LCs, far less is known about the role that DDCs play in skin immunity. Therefore one purpose of this study was to characterize DDCs and to compare their phenotype and functions to that of LCs. This study used two different methods to characterize human skin resident immune cells with regard to their number and distribution. First, a stable analytical immunohistochemistry-based method was developed and applied to a substantial number of healthy skin donors. This enabled a quantitative analysis of skin DC types and skin resident T cells at different anatomical locations in situ. A novel method to count dermal cell populations in situ was developed that resulted in the first published quantification of APCs, DDCs, as well as T cells in human dermis. Second, the traditional form of the emigration assay, which selectively enriches vital cells capable of ex vivo emigration from the skin, was upgraded toward a stable analytical method to separate epidermal LCs from DDCs. In this way, both skin DC types became accessible in sufficient numbers to allow for a comparison of phenotypes and functions in vitro. The resulting phenotypic observations clearly showed that both, LCs and DDCs are not fully mature after their emigration ex vivo and that both can be transformed into a phenotypically more mature state by treating them with inflammatory cytokines. What’s more, LCs are also functionally in an immature state after their emigration. They efficiently took up antigen, showed a low capacity to trans-migrate in response to chemokines, and demonstrated a low capacity to stimulate allogeneic T cells in a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). For the first time this study observed all these main APC functions not only for LCs but additionally for DDCs. As these observations were made in relation to LCs of the same donor, it could be concluded that DDCs are functionally more mature than LCs after emigration. DDCs showed a lower antigen uptake capacity than LCs but were superior in terms of their migratory and stimulatory capacity. However, treatment with cytokines could skew LC functions toward functional capacities observed for DDCs, i.e., it decreased LCs’ Ag uptake and increased their migratory and stimulatory capacity, whereas the cytokine treatment did not alter DDCs’ functional capacities. After improving immuno-histochemistry and the emigration assay using healthy skin samples, these newly developed techniques were implemented in clinical trials to observe the number, distribution and migratory capacity of skin DCs and T cells in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (aHSCT). Such a study is of importance because the turnover of DCs and T cells is closely associated with the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), the major cause of morbidity and mortality after aHSCT. Due to the study design used, this study concisely demonstrate that at the onset of aGvHD, different DC types accumulate along with effector T cells in skin lesions of aGvHD but not in uninvolved skin of the same patient. These results suggest that in addition to donor T cells LCs and DDCs play a role during the early phase of cutaneous aGvHD directly within the site of inflammation. The view of many authors that DC depletion in the transplant recipient, especially in target organs, is a promising approach for aGvHD prophylaxis and therapy is further underscored by these results. One targeting strategy to inhibit GvHD by eliminating recipient DCs may be the use of DC specific monoclonal antibodies. Alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) is a monoclonal antibody and has proven effective in preventing aGvHD after aHSCT. It may, despite depleting donor T cells, also work by targeting recipient DCs. To determine whether the last mechanism of action is significant, a second clinical study investigated the effects of intravenous alemtuzumab on DCs by comparing the number of these cells in skin and blood of patients before and after a 4-week course of alemtuzumab treatment. The result was that although skin DCs weakly express the target antigen CD52 the number of these cells was not consistently reduced by alemtuzumab. In contrast, circulating blood DCs have a stronger CD52 expression and were significantly reduced by the treatment. In conclusion, this work provides new insights into the phenotypical and functional characteristics of human skin DCs, as well as into the fate of these cell types during aHSCT. The investigation of the APC system during aGvHD as carried out here will help to understand the process of aGvHD in more detail. All these efforts may hopefully support the development of new approaches for therapy and prevention of this major limitation of aHSCT and may help to improve this only curative therapy for several life-threatening diseases.
|
180 |
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA (TNFα) in SANDHOFF DISEASE PATHOLOGYAbou-Ouf, Hatem A. 17 September 2014 (has links)
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Sandhoff disease (SD) is a monogenic lysosomal storage disorder caused by a lack of a functional β-subunit of the beta-hexosaminidase A and B enzymes. The clinical phenotype of <em>Hexb</em><sup>-/-</sup>mouse model recapitulates the symptoms and signs of Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases in human. To gain insight into the neuropathology of Sandhoff disease, we defined the role of TNFα in the development and progression of Sandhoff disease pathology in mice, by generating a <em>Hexb<sup>-/-</sup>Tnf</em><em>a</em><em><sup>-/-</sup></em> double knock-out mouse. Behavioural testing and immunostaining data revealed the neurodegenerative role of TNFα in disease pathology. Double knock-out mice showed ameliorated clinical course, with prolonged life span. TNFα-deficient Sandhoff mice also demonstrate decreased levels of astrogliosis, and reduced neuronal cell death. Deletion of <em>Tnfα</em> in Sandhoff mice inhibited JAK2/STAT3 pathway, implicating its role in glia cell activation. This result points to TNFa as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate neuro-pathogenesis.</p> <p>To investigate whether blood-derived or CNS-derived TNFα has the major impact on neurological function, we transplanted <em>Hexb<sup>-/-</sup>Tnfα<sup>+/+</sup></em> with bone marrow from either <em>Hexb<sup>-/-</sup>Tnfα<sup>-/-</sup></em>or <em>Hexb<sup>-/-</sup>Tnf</em><em>a</em><em><sup>+/+</sup></em> mice donors. Neurological tests shows a significant clinical improvement for Hexb<em><sup>-/-</sup>Tnfα<sup>-/-</sup></em> compared to <em>Hexb<sup>-/-</sup>Tnf</em><em>a</em><em><sup>+/+</sup></em> recipient, regardless the genotype of donor cells. These findings highlight the importance of resident-derived TNFα during the robust neurodegenerative consequences in Sandhoff disease. To understand of the role of microRNAs in Sandhoff pathology, we investigated the miRNA profile in Sandhoff brains. A pattern of dys-regulated microRNAs was evident in Sandhoff CNS. Microarray identified miR-210 and miR-96 dys-regulated pattern in the CNS of Sandhoff mice. Strikingly, neuronal pentraxin, a putative target gene for miR-210, was induced in Sandhoff brains.</p> <p>Taken together, this work establishes the proinflammatory role of TNFα in Sandhoff pathology, leading to massive neuro-apoptosis. Importantly, our studies propose that neuronal pentraxin as a novel target gene for microRNA-210 in Sandhoff brain samples, providing a potential modulator of neurodegeneration.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
|
Page generated in 0.157 seconds