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Implementace BI ve stavebnictví / Implementation of Business Intelligence in building industryMelichar, Jan January 2008 (has links)
Diploma thesis is focused on the strategic performance management and Business Intelligence domain. Main objectives of the thesis are to define strategic goals of building enterprise by help of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) concept and to assign specific metrics to these strategic goals. Another objective of this work is to design Business Intelligence (BI) implementation which means building a data warehouse upon company data, multidimensional cubes and user-defined reports. Initial theoretical principles are described in the first part of this work in which main issues of strategic performance management, BSC concept and BI domain are specified. In the practical part the strategic goals and specific metrics of building enterprise are defined. The output of this chapter is an overall strategic map containing strategic goals with assigned metrics and also comments describing mutual relationships of these goals. Next chapter deals with building a data warehouse upon company data, multidimensional cubes and user-defined reports with measured values interpretation. Contribution of the thesis consists in the enterprise management model upon BSC concept which helps specify strategic goals and also the design of BI implementation which should simplify monitoring of these strategic goals by the help of the metrics specified. Another contribution for building industry enterprise management can be an overview of main BI technologies and the ways and means of its practical application.
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Kalkulácia nákladov na zákazku - ďiaľkovo ovládaný úsekový odpojovač vysokého napätia / Cost calculation of high voltage disconnector, MARTEL Slovakia s.r.o.Šurina, Ľubomír January 2009 (has links)
In theoretical part of diploma thesis are written basic information about cost calculation, types and methods of cost calculation especially in building industry. Practical part identifies cost types in company MARTEL Slovakia and cost-distribution sheet for the most frequent company order - high voltage disconnector.
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KONKURENČNÍ VÝHODA ZALOŽENÁ NA ŘÍZENÍ PRACOVNÍHO KAPITÁLU FIRMY V OBDOBÍ EKONOMICKÉ RECESE / Competitive advantage based on working capital management during the economical recession periodVojta, Josef January 2009 (has links)
The reasons, why doctoral thesis named ?Competitive advantage based on working capital management during the economical recession period? has been compiled, are indentified as follows: ? Due to existing economical recession there is a deficiency of free foreign capital on the market and the price of capital is rapidly growing. ? There are some companies on the market, which are able to maintain the turnover dynamics and their business results (their ROI ratios) are significantly better than a market average. The two objectives of research have been stipulated: ? To prove whether there is a relation between the value of company?s working capital divided by the total turnover in the current period and the change of company?s turnover in the following period. The change of market value average shall be taken into account. ? To prove whether there is a relation between the company?s most liquid assets (receivables and short-term financial assets) divided by the value of total assets in the current period and company?s ROI ratio in the following period. These objectives have been achieved through extensive theoretical research at first, secondly through evaluation of empirical resources from a survey done based on data from 44 German companies connected with building industry between the years 2004 and 2007 and finally, the analysis and synthesis of these resources. The doctoral thesis clarifies the essential targets of working capital management, methods of company?s working capital optimization and reasons, why effective value of working capital could be seen as a source of company?s competitive advantage during economical recession period. The conclusions have pointed out that there is obvious delay of working capital optimization positive effects onto the company?s turnover dynamics and ROI ratios.
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Återbruk av byggmaterial: en cirkulär process / Recycling of Building Materials: a Circular ProcessCenet, Kübele January 2021 (has links)
As the world's population increase, measures against the climate crisis have not been sufficient to reduce global emissions. Contributing to minimizing climate change is our duty to the earth. As half of our world's population lives in cities, building construction and the process play an important role in urbanization and our society. Therefore, recycling will be a significant contribution, both in the current situation but also for the future. This bachelor thesis explores sustainability within the field of built environment through analysing the recycling process from the perspective of various parties in the construction industry. The aim is to create a deeper understanding for recycling and to gain an insight into its potential for development in the industry. The study uses a qualitative research methods where the data was collected from ten interviews as well as relevant literature searches and reviews. The work provides insight into economic models and concepts such as resilience and theories that discuss raw material shortages and virgin material. Furthermore, the work has highlighted difficulties, development opportunities and developed a theorem for local recycling as a proposal to make recycling easily accessible and aid involved parties in the construction process. It turned out that there was some variation in the view of recycling and that the actors are at different stages of incorporating recycling in their work. The study showed that recycling is in a phase of continuous development where interaction is required from relevant involved parties as well as from the public sector such as municipalities. Recycling is an important part of moving in a positive sustainable direction as it allows us to redistribute our resources rather than extract new material from the earth. / I takt med att världens befolkning ökar har åtgärderna mot klimatkrisen inte varit tillräckliga för att minska de globala utsläppen. Att bidra till att minimera klimatförändringarna är vår skyldighet till jorden. Då hälften av jordens befolkning bor i städer har byggandet och byggprocessen en viktig roll i urbaniseringen och samhället. Där kommer återbruk att vara en betydande insats, både i nuläget men också för vår framtid. Denna kandidatuppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i återbruksprocessen från diverse aktörers perspektiv i byggbranschen och föreslår ett digitalt verktyg för återbruksprocesser. Syftet är att skapa en djupare förståelse för att få en inblick om återbruk och dess utvecklingsmöjligheter i branschen. Studien använder sig av en kvalitativa forskningsmetoder där materialet samlats in från ett tiotal intervjuer samt relevant litteratur och forskningsartiklar. Arbetet ger inblick i ekonomiska modeller, begrepp som resiliens och teorier som diskuterar råvarubrist och jungfruligt material. Vidare har arbetet belyst svårigheter och utvecklingsmöjligheter samt tagit fram ett digitalt verktyg som ett förslag för att lättillgängliggöra återbruk i byggprocessen. Det visade sig att det finns en viss variation på synen av återbruk och att aktörerna är i olika skeden med återbruk i deras arbete. Studien visar att återbruk är i en utveckling där ett samspel krävs från aktörer men också från den offentliga sektorn som kommuner. Att återbruka är en viktig del för att ställa om mot en positiv hållbar riktning eftersom det tillåter att omfördela våra resurser snarare än att utvinna nytt material från jorden.
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Kommunikation och planering på byggarbetsplatsen / Communication and planning at the construction siteWester, David, Wester, Oscar January 2014 (has links)
Det finns stora besparingsmöjligheter i byggbranschen genom effektivare kommunikation och planering. Examensarbetet har genomförts på tre av Q-gruppens byggarbetsplatser i Stockholmsområdet. En ombyggnation/ nyproduktion av lägenheter och lokaler i Saltsjöbaden, en nyproduktion av lägenheter och förskola på Södermalm samt en ombyggnation av lokaler i Folksamhuset på Södermalm. Kvalitativa intervjuer, deltagande observationer och en omarbetning av en befintlig Gantt tidplan till en LoB (Line of Balance) tidplan visar hur situationen med kommunikation och planering i byggbranschen upplevs av platsledning och yrkesarbetare samt hur det kan förbättras. Examensarbetet omfattar två delar där kommunikation mellan platsledning och yrkesarbetare på byggarbetsplatsen är den ena och användning av LoB planering är den andra. Examensarbetet visar att de som arbetar i produktionen gärna ser en kombination av planeringsmetoderna Gantt och LoB. Samtliga intervjuade är överens om att en väl fungerande kommunikation och planering är väsentligt för att projekt ska fortlöpa smidigt. Kommunikationen bidrar till en gemenskap och känsla av delaktighet som är viktig för viljan att utföra ett bra jobb. Därför är det angeläget att sätta den sociala arbetsmiljön centralt, mår man bra gör man också ett bra jobb. / There are significant saving opportunities in the construction industry by having an effective communication and planning. The degree project has been conducted at three of Q-gruppen AB construction sites in Stockholm. A renovation/ new construction of apartments and premises in Saltsjöbaden, a new construction of apartments and nursery school in Södermalm, and a conversion of premises at Folksamhuset in Södermalm. Qualitative interviews, participant observations and a reworking of an existing Gantt schedule to a LoB (Line of Balance) schedule shows how the situation with communication and planning in the construction industry is experienced by site management and skilled workers as well as how it can be improved. The degree project comprises of two parts where communication between site management and skilled workers on the construction site is one and the use of LoB planning is the other. The degree project shows that a combination of the two planning methods Gantt and LoB would be prefered. All interviewees agree that a good communication and planning is essential to make sure that the project proceeds smoothly. Communication contributes to a community and a sense of belonging that is important for the willingness to do a good job. Therefore, it is essential to put the work environment centrally, if you feel good you will also do a good job.
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Effektivisering av bygglogistik - en jämförelse mellan tre projekt / Efficiency of construction logistics - a comparison between three projectsMousa, Ali, Taha, Dawan January 2018 (has links)
The logistics issue is one of the biggest challenges faced in today's construction industry. An increasing number of projects suffer from logistics problems that need to be examined, problems that are increasingly common in line with the high housing output. These problems are important to investigate as it especially affects savings, planning, damage and time and more. The list can be made long and is increasingly prevalent in today's construction industry. The purpose of this study is to provide solutions for improving logistics management at a construction site by comparing three different projects. Through this comparison, the authors have identified the parameters that influence logistics flow negatively, how efficient logistics flow can be achieved, and whether it is profitable with a logistics program. BTH Bygg currently has a number of different projects. The focus will be on the project Lyngsåsa, located in Dalarö, which is the primary project for this study. Furthermore, Lyngsåsa is to be compared with the Rosenlundsparken and Steninge Slottsby projects. Lyngsåsa is the only project of the above that has used Ahlsell's logistics program due to previous logistics problems. Exploration of the study has been based on the combination of literature studies, electronic information search, questionnaire and interviews. The survey was divided into professionals and officials on the three projects and interviews have been conducted for more responsible officials with experience and knowledge to get a deeper picture of the subject. The result shows that logistics programs are good for projects that are more complex, projects that suffer from production stoppages. The study shows that projects that are located closer to the city center have limited areas. In this study we recommend a logistics program for the Rosenlundsparken project. Parameters that adversely affect the logistics flow are poor communication and poor planning. Tools that construction companies can utilize are 7R, 5S and JIT. / Logistikfrågan är en av de största utmaningar som bemöts i dagens byggbransch. Allt fler projekt lider av logistikproblem som måste granskas, problem som är allt vanligare i takt med den höga bostadsproduktionen. Dessa problem är viktiga att undersöka då det i synnerhet påverkar besparing, planering, skador och tid med flera. Listan kan göras lång och är allt mer förekommande i dagens byggbransch.Syftet med denna studie är att ge förslag på lösningar som kan förbättra logistikhanteringen på en byggarbetsplats genom en jämförelse mellan tre olika projekt. Genom denna jämförelse har författarna som mål tagit fram vilka parametrar som påverkar logistikflödet negativt, hur ett effektivt logistikflöde kan åstadkommas samt om det är lönsamt med ett logistikprogram.I dagsläget har BTH Bygg en del olika projekt. Fokus kommer att riktas åt projektet Lyngsåsa som ligger i Dalarö vilket är det primära projektet för denna studie. Vidare skall Lyngsåsa jämföras med projekten Rosenlundsparken och Steninge Slottsby. Lyngsåsa är det enda projektet av ovanstående som har använt sig utav Ahlsells logistikprogram på grund av tidigare logistikproblem.Utforskning av studien har baserats på kombination av litteraturstudier, elektroniska informationssökning, enkätundersökning samt intervjuer. Enkätundersökningen delades till yrkesarbetarna och tjänstemän på de tre projekt och intervjuerna har utförts för mer ansvariga tjänstemän med erfarenhet och kunskap för att få en djupare bild av ämnet.Resultatet visar att logistikprogram är bra för projekt som är mer komplext, projekt som lider av stopp i produktionen. Studien visar att projekt som är placerade närmare till stadens centrum har begränsade ytor. I denna studie rekommenderar vi ett logistikprogram för projektet Rosenlundsparken. Parametrar som påverkar logistikflödet negativt är dålig kommunikation och dålig planering. Verktyg som byggföretag kan utnyttja är 7R, 5S och JIT.
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The effect of high-ratio biochar replacement in concrete on performance properties : Experimental study of biochar addition to concrete mixture.Turovaara, Mina January 2022 (has links)
Globally the emissions of carbon dioxide from anthropogenic activities are an issue regarding the future of our planet. Today the building industry is a large contributor with approximately 10 percent of the total emissions coming from energy usage in the building industry, where about 7 percent of the global CO2 emissions are connected to the cement industry. Since cement is important and today, a non-replaceable material in concrete mixture considering the mechanical properties this is considered as a problem. Concrete is essential to the building and infrastructure industry and therefore it is of great value for society. To be able to lower the impact of concrete manufacturing, different materials are investigated to replace a part of the cement. Today, alternative materials are implemented in the cement compositions to improve the environmental impact. One material commonly used is fly ash, a waste material from coal combusting industries. However, a renewable and carbon emission sinking product could have a great impact on the total emissions from concrete manufacturing. A product that could be suitable for this is biochar, a product from pyrolysis of biomass. Previous studies show properties that could be desirable in concrete manufacturing such as high specific surface area, low bulk density, low thermal conductivity, and sound-absorbing function. Also, there are studies of biochar in cementitious material with promising results. To further investigate the biochar impact on concrete this thesis is conducted. A literature review of previous studies of biochar applications and biochar addition to concrete was conducted. This is to analyse the properties of biochar and the effect of the application on the concrete properties. Also, an experimental study was conducted to further analyse the concrete and compare the findings to previous studies. In this thesis concrete with biochar ratios of 5, 8, and 10 percentages according to the weight of the cement were compared to evaluate the performance properties. This was conducted by a laboratory test where 100 mm cubes were cast and tested for their compressive strength after 28 and 56 days. Other properties which were evaluated were the workability, density, microstructure, and chemical properties. The result showed that the workability was significantly lower for concrete mixtures with biochar addition. Also, the density decreased as the ratio of biochar increased. The same happened to the compressive strength where the comparison species had a compressive strength of 72 MPa after 28 days and the sample with 10 percent had a compressive strength of 52 MPa. However, the sample with 10 percent of biochar had the highest increase of compressive strength after additional 28 days of curing. The FTIR could not show any significant changes between samples with zero biochar addition and the samples with biochar addition / Utsläpp av koldioxid är ett globalt problem som hotar framtiden för vår planet. Idag är byggindustrin en stor bidragande faktor till dessa utsläpp där omkring 10 % av de globala utsläppen kan kopplas till energiförbrukningen i byggindustrin. 7% av de globala utsläppen kommer från cementindustrin. Då cement är ett så pass viktigt material och det saknas ersättande material med samma egenskaper anses detta vara ett problem. Betong är grundläggande för bygg- och infrastrukturmarknaden och är därför viktigt för samhället. För att kunna minska påverkan av betongtillverkningen så utreds olika material för att kunna minska cementandelen i betongen. Idag finns alternativa material som ersätter en del av cementen för att minska klimatavtrycket. Ett sådant material är flygaska, vilket är ett restmaterial från industrier. Att i stället ersätta detta med ett förnybart bio-baserat material med koldioxidsänkande egenskaper skulle kunna innebära en förbättring av de miljöpåverkande egenskaper som finns hos betongtillverkningen. En produkt som skulle kunna vara lämplig för detta är biokol vilket är en produkt från anaerob förbränning av biomassa. Tidigare studier visar att egenskaper som skulle kunna vara fördelaktiga vid betongtillverkning finns hos biokol. Dessa egenskaper är hög specifik ytarea,låg skrymdensitet, låg värmekonduktivitet och ljudabsorberande egenskaper. Det finns även tidigare studier där biokol har applicerats till betong där resultatet har varit lovande. Detta examensarbete har skrivits för att ytterligare analysera biokolets inverkan på betongen. För att göra detta har en litteraturstudie sammanställts med tidigare studier av biokol och biokolets inverkan på betong. Detta för att analysera biokolets karaktärsdrag och vilka effekter det har på betongens egenskaper. Till detta har även en experimentell studie gjorts för att ytterligare analysera betongens beteende vid applicering av biokol och för att kunna jämföra resultat från tidigare studier. I detta examensarbete har cementet i betongen ersatts med 5, 8 och 10% biokol av cementets vikt för att kunna jämföra egenskaperna mellan de olika proverna. Detta gjordes genom ett laboratorietest där 100 mm kuber gjöts och testades för tryckhållfastheten efter 28 och 56 dagar. Andra egenskaper som kontrollerades var konsistensen, densiteten och mikrostrukturen genom FTIR test. Resultatet visade att konsistensen påverkades kraftigt då biokol adderades till betongen. Densiteten minskade desto större andel av cementet som byttes ut. Liknande resultat uppmättes för tryckhållfastheten där den minskade från 71,9 MPa för proverna utan biokol till 51,6 MPa för betongen med 10% biokol, detta efter 28 dagar. Dock så kunde det ses att den största tillväxten av hållfasthet efter ytterligare 28 dagars härdning kunde uppmätas i provet med högst andel biokol (10%). Resultatet från FTIR testet kunde inte visa några tydliga skillnader mellan proverna med och utan biokol.
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Gerenciamento de resultados em companhias brasileiras do setor da cons-tru????o civilMarcelli, Rodrigo 30 August 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / In the last few years, Brazil has undergone a profound change in the way companies are pro-vided with access to capital markets; this has required greater transparency in the preparation of financial statements and disclosure of accounts. Recent scandals in the history of the finan-cial markets that have involved the practice of accounting choices for the purpose of managing results, require users of this information to be increasingly well prepared. This study seeks to analyze the existence of evidence of management practices in the results of financial state-ments of Brazilian construction companies listed in the BM & FBovespa in the period 2000-2012. The approach adopted for the detection of results management was based on the specif-ic accruals used for panel data methods with the development and employment of a particular model that follows the pattern of the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). The re-search revealed that the financial statements published by the Brazilian building constructors for the years 2003-2006 and 2009-2010, show signs of results management with the use of the liquid variable for the amount of real estate sold. The results also suggest that large-sized Bra-zilian building constructors tend to manage their results more than small-sized firms. On the basis of the findings of this research, it is clear that information is not being disclosed that allows an assessment of the quality and performance of companies. There is thus a need for a reform of financial disclosure policies with regard to factors linked to revenue recognition and measurement and in particular, the total budgeted costs of work performed (POC) and the scheduled completion percentage / Nos ??ltimos anos o Brasil passou por uma evolu????o no acesso de companhias ao mercado de capitais, exigindo maior transpar??ncia na elabora????o e divulga????o de informa????es cont??beis. Esc??ndalos recentes na hist??ria do mercado financeiro, envolvendo a pr??tica de escolhas cont??beis com objetivo de gerenciar resultados, exige que os usu??rios destas informa????es estejam cada vez mais preparados. Este estudo buscou analisar a exist??ncia de evid??ncias de pr??ticas de gerenciamento de resultados nas demonstra????es financeiras de construtoras brasileiras listadas na BM&FBovespa no per??odo de 2000 ?? 2012. A abordagem adotada para a identifica????o do gerenciamento de resultados foi de acumula????es espec??ficas (specifc accruals), utilizando a t??cnica de dados em painel com o desenvolvimento e aplica????o de modelo especifico seguindo a abordagem dos Modelos Lineares Generalizados Mistos. A pesquisa revelou que as demonstra????es financeiras publicadas pelas construtoras brasileiras nos anos de 2003 ?? 2006, 2009 e 2010 apresentam ind??cios de gerenciamento de resultado com a utiliza????o da vari??vel Receita l??quida de im??veis vendidos. Os resultados tamb??m apontam que as construtoras brasileiras de maior porte tendem a gerenciar seus resultados mais que as construtoras de menor porte. Com as descobertas desta pesquisa percebe-se que informa????es que permitam avaliar a qualidade e o desempenho das companhias n??o s??o divulgadas, necessitando de uma reforma nas pol??ticas de divulga????o das demonstra????es financeiras, principalmente sobre fatores atrelados a mensura????o e reconhecimento de receitas, em especifico, o custo or??ado total de obra e o percentual de obra conclu??da - POC
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台灣地區房地產產業經營發展策略之探討─以A建商為例 / 無羅志明 Unknown Date (has links)
房地產產業之興衰深受大環境變動所影響,因此廠商如何因應外部環境變遷所帶來的機會與挑戰,隨之調整自身所有的資源以改善劣勢,往往是企業能否創造持續競爭優勢之所在。而本研究之研究核心為台北市之小型建商,透過對台北市之A建商之深入訪談,以了解A建商之現況與遭遇問題,以擬定對策,提昇A建商之競爭力。
於分析台灣之總體經濟情勢與房地產市場後,本研究發現,未來兩年之房地產市場發展,仍呈現樂觀之情況,對於A建商而言,為規模擴張之適當時期。而分析A建商之問題後,發現A建商之發展關鍵,為規模之擴大與品牌之塑造,針對A建商面臨之情勢,本研究提出策略上之建議,以期增加A建商於產業中之競爭力。
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The North House as Component Based ArchitectureDoesburg, Chloe 17 February 2010 (has links)
The North House is a proof-of-concept prefabricated solar powered home designed for northern climates, and intended for the research and promotion of high-performance sustainable architecture. Led by faculty at the University of Waterloo, the development and design of the project involved a broad collaboration between faculty and students at the University of Waterloo, with Ryerson University and Simon Fraser University. The North House prototype competed in the U.S. Department of Energy’s Solar Decathlon in October of 2009. This thesis identifies the North House as a component-based building. It illustrates in detail the components of which the house is composed, the sequence by which they are assembled, and the details that allow for the building’s rapid assembly and disassembly. Finally, the thesis explores the possibilities afforded by componentbased architecture including adaptability, off-site fabrication and demountability. Drawing on this, the thesis projects future ways of designing buildings sustainable to both manufacture and operate.
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