The objective of this diploma thesis is the design of a device that measures the vehicle’s centre of gravity height position. The first part defines individual methods of measurement using various measuring equipment. The next part deals with the definition of requirements for the device and the definition of the design. A stress-strain analysis was executed for selected components. This diploma thesis describes the preparation process of the vehicle and the device for the measurement. The next part is dedicated to the design of the measuring chain and to the evaluation of the results. The thesis concludes with a theoretic analysis of the measurement inaccuracy.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit ist ein selbstkonsistentes, ab-initio Verfahren (SCTBLMTO) entwickelt worden, das die Berechnung elektronischer und geometrischer Strukturen von heterogenen Mikroclustern im Rahmen der Tight-Binding Linear-Muffin-Tin-Orbital Näherung gestattet. Mittels der sogenannten Atomic-Sphere-Approximation (ASA) ist hierbei eine kompakte Formulierung des Hamiltonoperators möglich. Durch die Bestimmung der totalen Energie der Cluster in der Ein-Zentren-Näherung kann die numerisch aufwendige Berechnung der über den ganzen Cluster ausgedehnten Wellenfunktion und damit der dreidimensionalen Elektronendichte umgangen werden. Die angewendeten Approximationen erlauben es, selbst auf vergleichsweise langsamen Rechnern, Cluster mit bis zu einigen hundert Atomen ohne Symmetrieeinschränkungen selbstkonsistent zu berechnen. Gegenüber anderen ab-initio Verfahren bedeutet dies eine Steigerung der berechenbaren Clustergröße um einen Faktor sechs. Im weiteren wurde gezeigt, daß die Parallelisierung des Algorithmus, d.h. die Verteilung von Rechenschritten auf mehrere parallel arbeitende Rechner die Laufzeit des Programms drastisch reduziert. Um die Implementation des SCTBLMTO-Verfahrens zu überprüfen, wurden zunächst Vergleichsrechnungen an kleinen MgON-Clustern mit einem kommerziell verfügbaren DFT-Verfahren (DMol) durchgeführt. Hier traten deutliche Relaxationseffekte bei der geometrischen Struktur der Cluster mit der Herausbildung typischer Bindungswinkel in den kubischen Strukturen zutage. Eine Analyse der Clustergeometrien ergab zudem eine ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit der Bindungsabstände der Atome von deren jeweiligen Koordinationszahlen. MgO18, mit 36 Atomen der größte mit DMol berechenbare Cluster, besitzt trotz der Tatsache, daß etwa 94% seiner Atome an der Clusteroberfläche positioniert sind, bereits 96% der Bindungsenergie des Festkörpers. Dies läßt den Schluß zu, daß die spezifische Kohäsionsenergie von Oberflächenatomen des Clusters sich nicht sehr stark vom Bulkwert unterscheidet. Ein einfaches Modell, welches die Beiträge zur Kohäsionsenergie anhand der Atompositionen in den kubischen und den ringförmigen Clustern festlegt, bestätigt diese Vermutung. Anhand des Modells kann ferner geschlossen werden, daß ein stabiles Wachstum einer kubischen, dem Festkörper ähnlichen Phase ab einer Clustergröße von N=15 Molekülen an beginnt. Die Erklärung der gemessenen Abundance Spektren von MgON-Clustern ist allein auf Basis der totalen Energien der Cluster nicht möglich. Erst die Betrachtung des Zerfalls von neutralen und ionisierten Clustern in Fragmente unterschiedlicher Größe kann die Messungen erklären. Insgesamt ist die Stabilität der Cluster durch das Zusammenspiel elektronischer Effekte, wie z.B. hoher oder niedriger Ionisationsenergien und geometrischer Effekte begründet. Ferner wurde gezeigt, daß auf Basis der ermittelten Daten gemessene Collision-Induced-Fragmentation (CIF) Muster quantitativ interpretierbar sind. Die SCTBLMTO-Rechnungen für sehr kleine MgON-Cluster ergeben im Vergleich mit den Referenzrechnungen einerseits und den experimentellen Befunden andererseits keine zufriedenstellenden Resultate für die Kohäsionsenergien. Der Grund hierfür liegt eindeutig darin, daß diese Geometrien Grenzfälle der Muffin-Tin- (MT) Näherung darstellen. Durch die Einführung von Leerkugeln verbessern sich die Resultate deutlich. Im Gegensatz hierzu stimmen die Gleichgewichtsabstände der Cluster, d.h. im Endeffekt die Minima in der totalen Energie als Funktion der Atomabstände, überraschend gut mit den Referenzdaten im Rahmen der lokalen Dichteapproximation (LDA) überein. Auch hier bewirkt die MT-Näherung einen Teil des Fehlers, der jedoch mit zunehmender Clustergröße geringer wird. Im Vergleich der Hypergeometrieflächen, die mit unterschiedlichen Rechenverfahren ermittelt wurden, zeigt die SCTBLMTO-Methode zwar recht große Isomerunterschiede, beurteilt die lokalen Minima relativ zueinander und damit die geometrischen Grundzustände jedoch meist richtig. Die Untersuchungen zeigten weiter, daß Korrelationseffekte einen starken Einfluß auf die Gleichgewichtsgeometrien der Cluster haben und daher unbedingt berücksichtigt werden müssen. Die totalen sowie die lokalen Zustandsdichten der kleinen Cluster werden von dem hier entwickelten Verfahren in guter Übereinstimmung mit den DMol-Referenzdaten wiedergegeben. Einzig die Zustände im unbesetzten Teil der DOS werden durch die Muffin-Tin-Näherung verzerrt. Schließlich läßt sich zumindest bei kleinen MgON-Clustern ein deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen der Position der Atome und deren elektronischer Struktur herstellen. Eine detaillierte Analyse der lokalen Zustandsdichte ergibt: Atome an den Ecken der Cluster bilden den höchsten besetzten Zustand, wogegen Atome, die sich innerhalb der Cluster befinden, tieferliegende Zustände besetzen. In allen Strukturen bilden die Sauerstoffatome das höchste besetzte Orbital und die Magnesiumatome das niedrigste unbesetzte. Insgesamt können die Bindungsverhältnisse in den MgO-Clustern als lokalisiert charakterisiert werden. Gegenüber der schnellen Annäherung der geometrischen Eigenschaften an die Festkörperstruktur konvergieren die lokalen Zustandsdichten der Zentralatome langsamer gegen die DOS des Festkörpers. Erst ab MgO147, bei dem die Zentralatome von drei Schichten von oberflächennahen Atomen umgeben sind, können auch Details der Bulkzustandsdichte in der LDOS zugeordnet werden.

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This work develops a discontinuous Galerkin finite element discretization of non- linear hyperbolic conservation equations with efficient and robust high order stabilization built on an entropy-based artificial viscosity approximation. The solutions of equations are represented by elementwise polynomials of an arbitrary degree p > 0 which are continuous within each element but discontinuous on the boundaries. The discretization of equations in time is done by means of high order explicit Runge-Kutta methods identified with respective Butcher tableaux. To stabilize a numerical solution in the vicinity of shock waves and simultaneously preserve the smooth parts from smearing, we add some reasonable amount of artificial viscosity in accordance with the physical principle of entropy production in the interior of shock waves. The viscosity coefficient is proportional to the local size of the residual of an entropy equation and is bounded from above by the first-order artificial viscosity defined by a local wave speed. Since the residual of an entropy equation is supposed to be vanishingly small in smooth regions (of the order of the Local Truncation Error) and arbitrarily large in shocks, the entropy viscosity is almost zero everywhere except the shocks, where it reaches the first-order upper bound. One- and two-dimensional benchmark test cases are presented for nonlinear hyperbolic scalar conservation laws and the system of compressible Euler equations. These tests demonstrate the satisfactory stability properties of the method and optimal convergence rates as well. All numerical solutions to the test problems agree well with the reference solutions found in the literature. We conclude that the new method developed in the present work is a valuable alternative to currently existing techniques of viscous stabilization.

Since the mid 1990s, the momentum behind Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has increased. CSR has become an important issue at political, academic and business level. Already since the beginning of the last decade, commentators have suggested that CSR seems to differ between European countries and that said differences appear to be shaped by the country context. Nevertheless, in general, so far, only few empirical cross-country studies have been conducted. In addition, said studies focused mainly on the comparison between Europe as a region and the US. The latter are biased by the selection of only few specific European countries, which are regarded as a proxy for Europe as a whole. Hence, said studies deliver partially contradictory results, since they do not consider that CRS is supposed to be Non-Pan-European. Moreover, cross-country studies of international character, going beyond that regional comparison, have been rather superficial in view of CSR issues to be investigated. And finally, only recently, cross-country research in CSR has started to establish a systematic link between CSR patterns and the country specific institutional context. Also in view of the latter, the focus has been set on the comparison between countries of Anglo American/Saxon tradition and Europe, considering again some specific European countries as a proxy for the region as a whole. <p>Given that lack in the literature, the following explicit calls for empirical cross-country research of CSR in Europe have been formulated: First, to explore differences in view of CSR; and second, to find out if country specific institutional mechanisms are influential in shaping said differences. <p><p>Hence, the dissertation aims at filling this gap and to answer said calls for research by presenting a cross-country research involving two European countries, Germany and Spain. The research aims at exploring differences in view of a variety of CSR issues and at finding out if the national institutional contexts are influential in shaping said differences. <p><p>The dissertation consists of five main parts. In part one, the introductory part, the following is pointed out: motivation, main theoretical frameworks of CSR and main CSR issues in CSR literature. Moreover, a detailed overview on the research design of the three papers, which form part two, three and four, is provided. <p><p>In part two, which is composed of one paper, differences in view of CSR concepts and CSR drivers (analytical framework) between Germany and Spain are explored. The methodology applied was a questionnaire-based postal survey among the 500 largest companies in both, Germany and Spain. <p>The results of the study suggest important differences between the two countries over the analytical framework. In comparison to Spanish companies, the German ones seem to be more attached to the "sustainability" concept of CSR, whereas the Spanish companies favour to a major extent the CSR concept, formulated by the EC and the "Triple Bottom Line" concept. In view of CSR drivers, the results imply that German corporations are to a major extent than their Spanish counterparts driven by secondary stakeholders, whereas corporations in both countries seem to be equally pressured by primary stakeholders to become engaged in CSR. In addition, the findings suggest that CSR in Spain seems to be more "voluntary", whereas, in Germany, it seems to be more "regulated". The analysis of the results with regard to "expectations on positive internal" and "positive external effects" as drivers to CSR suggests a "more competitive advantage centred" approach to CSR among Spanish companies than among German ones, where the corresponding approach is "less competitive advantage centred". And finally, the findungs further suggest, that the country context seems to be influential in shaping most of said differences. <p><p>Part three, which consists of one paper, deals with CSR reporting, which is assumed to deliver insights into the institutionalization of the leading reporting guidelines in CSR, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines, CSR agendas and the communicated rationale behind CSR. The methodology applied was quantitative contents analysis of CSR reports. As sample served companies of the utility industry, listed in the main stock indexes in Germany and Spain. <p>The findings of the study suggest that the institutionalisation of the GRI indicators is low in the corporations investigated in both countries. But, it is especially low in German firms. With regard to CSR agendas, the focus of corporate activities appears to lie among German corporations on those attached to environmental responsibilities, whereas Spanish corporations appear to have in this regard a mixed approach, related to their economic, environmental and social responsibilities. But, in contrast to their German counterparts the economic responsibilities are more emphasized. With regard to the communicated rationale behind CSR, German corporations seem to be driven by normative reasons, the Spanish to a major extent by instrumental ones. And finally, the findings imply that the country context seems to be influential in shaping most of said differences. <p><p>In part four, which contains one paper, differences in the understanding of CG in view of its links to CSR are explored. Currently, scholars discuss the link between CG and CSR and their relational models in the theoretical literature. Hence, to explore the understanding of CG and its links to CSR ,an analytical framework was elaborated, based upon said current theoretical debate. The methodology applied was qualitative contents analysis, conducted in the framework of a web site research. The sample consisted of corporations listed in the main stock indexes in both countries. <p>The findings suggest differences between the two countries with regard to the understanding of CG and its links to CSR and the corresponding relational models. In Spain the understanding of CG seems to be to a major extent linked to the "narrow view" of CG, implied by a major focus on shareholders only in view of corporate responsibilities. In contrast, among German corporations the view appears to be "broad", including other stakeholders than exclusively shareholders in this regard. In addition, the results suggest, that the relational model favoured by German corporations consists of CSR being considered as a part of CG, whereas the Spanish companies seem to relate CG to CSR or at least consider both, CG and CSR, as complementary constituents. And finally, the findings suggest that most of the exposed differences seem to be shaped by mechanisms of the traditional national CG systems. <p><p>In the final main part, part five, the overall conclusions of the dissertation have been formulated. These can be summarized as follows. From an overall perspective the three essays contribute to fill the lack in the literature as already pointed out. They constitute an original answer to the calls for research expressed in this regard. Moreover, they contribute to increase the knowledge on differences in CSR between European countries. And furthermore, through paying attention to country specific institutional mechanisms, they enhance the understanding of said differences induced by the country context or country specificity of CSR. In addition, the three essays have raised important implications for managerial practice, public policies, international and (supra) national institutions and for further research. In view of the implications for managerial practice, the findings suggest to sensitize practitioners with regard to the country specificity of CSR and to undertake corresponding measures in e.g. corporate communication, product and market strategies, employer marketing and organizational and management development terms. With regard to the implications for public policies, international and (supra) national organizations, those with regulatory power should increasingly bear in mind to handle more carefully the outsourcing of said power to private institutions, including NGOs, which play an important role in the "oluntary" regulation of CSR. In addition, those institutions, without regulatory power, which issue e.g. voluntary guidelines, should consider the country specificity of CSR and the "one size does not fit all" problem. Concerning the implications of the findings for further research these are the following: 1) to expand the CSR issues to be investigated in cross-country studies; 2) to intensify cross-country research in Europe in view of the number of countries involved; 3) to consider longitudinal approaches in cross-country research in Europe; 4) to expand said research (1-3) also to SMEs; 5) to increase the scope of institutional mechanisms to be investigated; and 6) to intensify cross-country linguistics research in view of CG and CSR. And finally, the findings of the three essays have delivered substantial contributions to enliven the debate, at academic and practitioner level, in view of the international management of CSR in terms of complexity vs. simplicity. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The AEGIS Cruiser Air-Defense Simulation is a program that models the operations of a Combat Information Center (CIC) team performing the ADC duties in a battle group using Multi-Agent System (MAS) technology implemented in the Java programming language. Set in the Arabian Gulf region, the simulation is a top-view, dynamic, graphics-driven software implementation that provides a picture of the CIC team grappling with a challenging, complex problem. Conceived primarily as a system to assist ships, waterfront training teams, and battle group staffs in ADC training and doctrine formulation, the simulation was designed to gain insight and understanding into the numerous factors (skills, experience, fatigue, aircraft numbers, weather, etc.) that influence the performance of the overall CIC team and watchstanders. The program explores the team's performance under abnormal or high intensity/stress situations by simulating their mental processes, decision-making aspects, communications patterns, and cognitive attributes. Everything in the scenario is logged, which allows for the reconstruction of interesting events (i.e. watchstander mistakes, chain-of-error analysis) for use in post-scenario training as well as the creation of new, more focused themes for actual CIC team scenarios. The simulation also tracks various watchstander and CIC team performance metrics for review by the user. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Philosophie und Frühantisemitismus bilden den Themenbereich der Arbeit. Der Frühantisemitismus reicht von 1780 bis 1850. Speziell verweigert er die Bürgerrechte für Juden. In diesem Sinn wenden Deutsche Liberale sich während der Entstehungsphase der bürgerlichen Gesellschaften im frühen 19. Jahrhundert gegen die jüdische Emanzipation: F. L. Jahn, E. M. Arndt, K. Follen, C. F. Rühs und J. F. Fries. Im Gegensatz zu ihnen votiert Hegel mit seinen Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts entschieden für sie. Er schließt damit an die Erklärung der Menschenrechte in den USA und Frankreich an und führt deren Normativität fort. Es ist das Ergebnis konsequenten Denkens und Hegel überwindet einige seiner früheren antijüdischen Ansichten. Er betont die klare Verbindung zwischen Menschenrechten und Judenemanzipation, geht aber auch darüber hinaus: Sein Konzept fordert eine Integration, die zudem wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Teilhabe verlangt. Hegel opponiert unter historischen Bedingungen gegen die liberalen Frühantisemiten, was ebenso zu berücksichtigen ist, wie die systematischen Argumente der Rechtslehre. Nichtsdestotrotz gelingt ihm kein konsistentes Konzept. Der Grund dafür liegt jedoch in der Realität, die dargestellt werden soll, und nicht bei ihm. Hinsichtlich der internationalen Beziehungen zwischen den modernen Staaten gibt es keine universellen Institutionen mit Macht. Hegel opfert letztlich sein Vorhaben, die universelle Ethik weiterzuentwickeln, weil er dies reflektiert und sich ihm beugt. Unter Berücksichtigung dieses Kontextes müssen seine Konzepte zum Volksgeist betrachtet werden. Die Partikularität des Volksgeistkonzepts gefährdet seinen Entwurf zur Emanzipation, der universal fundiert ist; doch der Grund der Probleme liegt in den internationalen Beziehungen. / In this thesis early anti-semitism is discussed in the context of G.W.F. Hegel’s philosophy. Early anti-semitism spanning from 1780-1850 is particularly concerned with declining Jews any equal civic status. Against the backdrop of civil societies arising in the early 19th century, a group of German authors, including F.L. Jahn, E.M. Arndt, K. Follen, C.F. Rühs, and J.F. Fries, in spite of their liberalism opposed Jewish emancipation in this specific sense. In contrast, Hegel in his Philosophy of Right clearly argues in favour of Jewish emancipation, following modern normative ideals as established by Human Rights Declarations in the U.S. and in France. Overcoming some of his earlier anti-Jewish views Hegel arrives at this result by way of consistent thinking. He not only stresses the obvious relationship between Human Rights and Jewish emancipation, but also further develops this idea: His concept calls for equal integration that involves economic and cultural participation as well. Hegel opposed liberal anti-semites under specific historical conditions that have to be taken into account alongside his philosophical arguments put forward in the Philosophy of Right. If he finally didn‘t achieve to develop an overall consistent concept it‘s not to be attributed to a lack of efforts on his part but rather to the reality his theory reflects. International relations between modern states don‘t involve universal institutions with actual power. Hegel, reflecting on and giving in to that reality, finally dismisses his earlier attempts to advance universal ethics. His concept of a nation‘s particular volksgeist and especially the Germanic spirit have to be assessed with this context in mind. Hegel‘s idea of emancipation which rests on universal claims is at odds with his preference for the particular that‘s being expressed in his concept of a volksgeist. The source for this problem however has to be sought in the international relations themselves.

Mit der Behauptung, dass seine eigene Philosophie als »umgedrehter Platonismus« verstanden werden soll, stellt Nietzsche seine Beziehung zum platonischen System dar. Dieses Forschungsprojekt sucht nach einer neuen Variation dieser Darstellung, um die philosophischen Analogien beider Autoren aufzuspüren. Das erste Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit einer Erläuterung des Begriffes „umgedrehter Platonismus“, womit die Differenz zwischen diesen beiden Systemen definiert wird. Diese Diskrepanz ist spürbar in vier verschiedene Bereichen: metaphysisch, axiologisch, gnoseologisch und ästhetisch. Das zweite Kapitel behandelt die Rolle des Apollinischen und des Dionysischen in der nietzscheschen Theorie. Die beiden Konzepte werden mit dem des platonischen Eros verglichen, da diese es dem Menschen ermöglichen, die sinnliche Welt zu verlassen und eine Ur-Realität kennenzulernen. Das dritte Kapitel analysiert die Verurteilung der Kunst in Platon’s „Staat“. Der griechische Philosoph strebt die wahre Kenntnis an und verbindet seine ästhetischen Überlegungen mit der Idee der Wahrheit. Nietzsche bearbeitet diese Verbindung zwischen Ästhetik und Erkenntnistheorie unter dem Begriff »amor fati«. Das vierte Kapitel ist der Physiologie der Liebe gewidmet. Nietzsche verwandelt der Erkenntnisprozess in eine leidenschaftliche Liebe. Die Erkenntnis nimmt die Form einer Passion an und kristallisiert sich allmählich und nach einem langen Prozess mit Höhen und Tiefen in »amor fati«. »Amor fati« schafft eine Ästhetisierung der Erkenntnis und Epistemologiesierung der Ästhetik. Somit liegt Nietzsches Erkenntnistheorie parallel zu jener Platons. / By claiming that his philosophy should be understood as “inverted Platonism” Nietzsche defined his relationship to the Platonic system. This research project aims to articulate a new understanding of this relationship by analyzing philosophical similarities between the two authors'' respective philosophies. The first chapter is dedicated to the explanation of the term “inverted Platonism” and articulates the differences between Plato''s and Nietzsche''s systems. These discrepancies are manifested in four main areas: the metaphysical, the axiological, the gnosiological and the aesthetic. The second chapter deals with the roles of the Apollonian and the Dionysian in Nietzschean theory. Both concepts are compared with the Platonic Eros, as they invite man to abandon the sensual world and instead to commune with the very origin of reality. The third chapter analyzes Plato´s denunciation of art in “The Republic”. The Greek philosopher seeks true knowledge and connects his aesthetic concerns with the idea of Truth. Nietzsche refers to the cynosure between aesthetics and cognitive theory as “amor fati”. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the physiology of love. Nietzsche transforms the cognitive process into a passionate love. Cognition assumes the shape of passion, slowly crystallizing over time, with many twists and turns, into “amor fati”. “Amor fati” aestheticizes cognition and epistemologizes aesthetics. Therefore Nietzsche''s cognitive theory is actually equivalent to that of Plato.

La résolution de très grands systèmes linéaires creux est une composante de base algorithmique fondamentale dans de nombreuses applications scientifiques en calcul intensif. La résolution per- formante de ces systèmes passe par la conception, le développement et l'utilisation d'algorithmes parallèles performants. Dans nos travaux, nous nous intéressons au développement et l'évaluation d'une méthode hybride (directe/itérative) basée sur des techniques de décomposition de domaine sans recouvrement. La stratégie de développement est axée sur l'utilisation des machines mas- sivement parallèles à plusieurs milliers de processeurs. L'étude systématique de l'extensibilité et l'efficacité parallèle de différents préconditionneurs algébriques est réalisée aussi bien d'un point de vue informatique que numérique. Nous avons comparé leurs performances sur des systèmes de plusieurs millions ou dizaines de millions d'inconnues pour des problèmes réels 3D .

Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2018-03-05T14:14:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JÚLIA GONÇALVES MAYER.pdf: 2883327 bytes, checksum: 6ae955490e1664e27d2c9669ad07a02c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-05T14:14:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JÚLIA GONÇALVES MAYER.pdf: 2883327 bytes, checksum: 6ae955490e1664e27d2c9669ad07a02c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os métodos analíticos utilizados para medir o percentual de ácido graxo trans (AGT) em alimentos envolvem cromatografia em fase gasosa com detecção de ionização de chama (CG-DIC), espectrometria de massas (CG-EM) e espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier e refletância total atenuada (FT-IR-ATR). O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a viabilidade e a aplicabilidade do uso das técnicas de FT-IR-ATR, sem extração, com extração prévia da gordura e após hidrólise e metilação dos ácidos graxos, para avaliar o conteúdo de AGT em biscoitos recheados e comparar os resultados obtidos com os encontrados para a determinação de ácido elaídico pela técnica de CG-EM. Foram escolhidas 9 marcas de biscoitos recheados sabor chocolate e 1 pacote de gordura vegetal hidrogenada, para ser usada como padrão secundário para análise de AGT por FT-IR-ATR. As amostras foram analisadas, inicialmente, quanto aos seus conteúdos de umidade e lipídeos totais. Para todas as amostras não foi observada concentração de umidade superior a 6,03 g/100 g. Os lipídeos totais variaram de 12,51±0,58 a 23,84±0,09 g/100 g. A presença de AGT foi identificada por FT-IR-ATR pela visualização da banda próxima a 966 cm−1 e confirmada com adição de padrão às amostras. Ao analisar as amostras de biscoito homogeneizadas e sem outro preparo, não foi viável a utilização do método de FT-IR-ATR, visto que a absorção de radiação infravermelha de substâncias da amostra se sobrepõe à absorção na região das ligações duplas trans, o que demonstra que a matriz do alimento pode influenciar na análise. Quanto a presença dos AGT, ácido elaídico (C18:1, n-9 trans) foi identificado e confirmado em todas as amostras através de CG-EM. Ao comparar a quantificação pelos métodos CG-EM e FT-IR-ATR em amostras de extratos e na forma de ácidos graxos metilados (FAME), foram observadas concentrações baixas de ácido elaídico/ácidos graxos trans (de 0,03±0,01 a 0,86±0,01 g/100 g de biscoito) obtidas pelos diferentes métodos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as concentrações de AGT determinadas pelos três métodos testados para oito das nove amostras analisadas. O presente trabalho mostrou que a técnica de FT-IR-ATR, analisando o extrato lipídico e as amostras em forma de FAME foi adequado para estimar os teores de AGT em biscoito recheado de chocolate, visto que proporciona uma análise mais rápida, com um menor número de etapas e menor consumo de reagentes em relação às análises por CG-EM / The analytical methods used to measure the percentage of trans fatty acids in foods involve gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR). The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility and applicability of ATR-FT-IR techniques, without extraction, with previous extraction of fat and after hydrolysis and methylation of fatty acids to evaluate the content of TFA in filled biscuits, and compare the results obtained with those found for the determination of elaidic acid by the CG-MS technique. Were chosen 9 marks of chocolate filled biscuit and 1 packet of hydrogenated vegetable fat to be used as a secondary standard for AGT analysis by ATR-FT-IR. The samples were initially analyzed for their moisture contents and total lipids. For all samples, no moisture content higher than 6.03 g/100 g. Total lipids ranged from 12.51 ± 0.58 to 23.84 ± 0.09 g/100g. The presence of TFA was identified by ATR-FT-IR through the visualization of the band near 966 cm−1 and confirmed with addition of standard to the samples. When analyzing the homogenized cookie samples and without further preparation, the use of the ATR-FT-IR method was not feasible because the absorption of infrared radiation from sample substances overlaps the absorption in the region of the trans double bonds, which demonstrates that the food matrix may influence the analysis. Regarding the presence of TFA, elaidic acid (C18: 1, n-9 trans) was identified and confirmed in all samples by GC-MS. When comparing quantification by GC-MS and ATR-FT-IR in samples of extracts and in the form of fatty acids methly esters (FAME), low concentrations of elaidic acid / trans fatty acids were observed (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.86 ± 0.01 g / 100 g of biscuit) obtained by the different methods. No significant differences were found between the concentrations of TFA determined by the three methods tested for eight of the nine samples analyzed. The present study showed that the ATR-FT-IR technique, analyzing the lipid extract and the samples in the form of FAME, was adequate to estimate the TFA contents in chocolate filled biscuit, because it provides a faster analysis with a smaller number of steps and lower toxic chemicals in relation to GC-MS analyzes