Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:38:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Regina.pdf: 7142284 bytes, checksum: 2477288921627880d68c3803d0b9746f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15 / Leguminosae Juss. is the third largest family of Angiosperms, comprising 727 genera and 19,325 species. Due the great N2 fixation in the soil, this family represents one of the leading families in floristic, phytosociological studies and recovery projects of degraded areas. However, some of these species have dormancy, which hinders germination. Such species variety can lead to difficulties in identification, particularly in sterile sample collection. Therefore this study aimed to develop a list with field tips, systematic identification keys and an illustrated guide, addressing the major vegetative diagnostic features of Leguminosae arboreal of Corredor de Biodiversidade Santa Maria, PR; as well as evaluate the germination test and treatments to overcome Seed dormancy of 10 Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze. Samples have been collected in different areas of the Corridor. Legumes collected were photographed, recording morphological and vegetative stem rhytidome, staining the inner bark and / or sapwood, presence of gum shape of the leaflets, the presence of spines, glands, hairiness, and when present, flower and fruit. The samples were identified and housed into the Herbario da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. For breaking dormancy were tested different treatment and also performed curve soaking to these seeds. Was prepared with a list of 29 tips field Leguminosae species found in the study area, which were made for one dichotomous key and a guide with plates illustrating the main diagnostic vegetative characteristics in order to assist in the identification of species of Leguminosae present in West of Paraná. The treatments with higher germination percentage and better germination speed were: immersion in sulfuric acid (10 min); soaking in acetone for 15 min, cutting the integument and immersion in water at 80oC (cooling in 24 hours), being the latter the most indicated. But all are efficient to overcome dormancy of M. bimucronata by increasing the percentage of germinated seeds and germination rate / Leguminosae é a terceira maior família de Angiospermas, compreendendo 727 gêneros e 19.325 espécies, representando uma das principais famílias em estudos florísticos e fitossociológicos. Tal riqueza pode ocasionar dificuldades na identificação, principalmente em coletas de amostras estéreis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elaborar um guia ilustrado com dicas de campo, bem como uma chave de identificação abordando as principais características vegetativas diagnósticas das Leguminosae arbóreas do Corredor de Biodiversidade Santa Maria, o qual une a Faixa de Proteção do Lago de Itaipu ao Parque Nacional do Iguaçu. O corredor que reúne vários remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual do sudoeste do Paraná e áreas reflorestadas. Foram coletadas amostras em diferentes áreas do corredor, sendo três remanescentes florestais (Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Reserva Legal da Fazenda São José, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Fazenda Santa Maria e matas ciliares do rio Bonito), e duas áreas reflorestadas (Faixa Seca e Faixa de Proteção do Lago de Itaipu). As leguminosas coletadas foram fotografadas ainda em campo, com câmera semiprofissional, registrando aspectos morfológicos vegetativos como tronco, ritidoma, coloração da casca interna e/ou alburno, presença de exsudato, formato dos folíolos, presença de acúleos, glândulas, pilosidade e, quando presentes, estruturas reprodutivas. As amostras foram identificadas e adicionadas ao Herbário da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Foram encontradas 29 espécies de Leguminosae, para as quais foram elaborados um guia com pranchas, ilustrando as principais características vegetativas diagnósticas, bem como uma chave dicotômica, a fim de auxiliar na identificação das espécies de Leguminosae presentes no sudoeste do Paraná. Características do tronco como ritidoma, casca interna e/ou alburno, formato e coloração dos folíolos, presença de exsudado, acúleos, pilosidade ou glândulas foram de grande valia em campo, pois permitiram a identificação das espécies de Leguminosae do Corredor de Biodiversidade Santa Maria

The thesis deals with the issue of low achieving readers and appropriate corrective approaches. The theoretical part addresses in detail the characteristics and difficulties of low achieving readers as well as suitable corrective action. In the research part pupils are divided into groups according to their shortcomings and in each group the pupil´s qualitative and quantitative errors in their reading performance are analyzed and then a corrective action is proposed. The research survey is carried out using comprehensive reading diagnostics for pupils in the third class at elementary school.

I mitt arbete har jag genom användandet av diffraktion analyserat spelkaraktärer för att se hurkaraktärerna använder estetik och visuella utryck för att beskriva karaktärsdrag och bakgrundsamt hur de kan användas i nya berättelser. Genom användandet av the good eye metoden harjag analyserat ett flertal spelkaraktärer genom att dela upp deras estetik i innehåll, färg,rumsligt innehåll, ljus och uttryck och sedan försökt applicera dessa på redan skrivnakaraktärer för ett digitalt spel och anpassa dem till spelvärldens visuella estetik. / In this thesis I have analysed game characters through the use of diffraction to see how thecharacters use aesthetics and visual expressions to describe characteristics, background andhow they can be used in new stories. I have analysed multiple game characters using the goodeye method and divided their aesthetics into content, color spatial organisation, light, andexpressive content and then tried to apply it on already written characters for a digital gameand adapt them to the aesthetics of the game world.

Ces travaux traitent de la scénarisation d’environnements virtuels, définie comme la spécification des déroulements possibles ou souhaitables d’une simulation, et la mise en place de mécanismes permettant de contrôler son déroulement effectif de manière dynamique. Nous visons pour cette scénarisation un ensemble d’objectifs, souvent considérés comme contradictoires : la liberté et la capacité d’action de l’utilisateur, l’ampleur, le caractère dynamique et l’efficacité du contrôle exercé sur le scénario, la cohérence des comportements présentés et l’adaptabilité du système, nécessaire pour la variabilité des scénarios. Nous proposons SELDON, un modèle basé sur le contrôle centralisé et indirect d’une simulation émergente à partir de modèles du contenu scénaristique. L’environnement est peuplé de personnages virtuels autonomes et l’utilisateur y est libre de ses actions. La scénarisation est réalisée en deux étapes : des objectifs dynamiques sont déterminés à partir de l’activité de l’utilisateur, puis est généré en fonction de ces objectifs et exécuté au travers d’ajustements sur la simulation.Le moteur DIRECTOR permet de générer et de réaliser ce scénario. DIRECTOR utilise les modèles qui sous-tendent la simulation pour prédire son évolution, et guide cette évolution au travers d’un ensemble d’ajustements indirects, qui influencent les réactions des systèmes techniques et les décision des personnages. Il utilise un moteur de planification pour générer des scénarios composés d’étapes de prédiction, dont il suit la réalisation dans la simulation, et d’ajustements, qu’il déclenche.Les objectifs scénaristiques pris en compte sont à la fois dynamiques, au travers de situations prescrites et proscrites et de contraintes sur les propriétés globales du scénario, et statiques, sous la forme d’espaces de scénario. Le contenu scénaristique et les objectifs scénaristiques statiques sont représentés à l’aide de l’ensemble de langages que nous avons proposé : DOMAIN-DL, ACTIVITY-DL et CAUSALITY-DL. Ces contributions permettent d’allier la réactivité et la variabilité permises par des simulations émergentes et la pertinence des scénarios offerte par les systèmes basés sur de la planification. / This work addresses the orchestration of virtual environments, defined as the specification ofpossible or wanted unfoldings of events in a simulation and the implementation of control mechanisms over the actual unfolding. We aim at a set of objectives often considered contradictory : user freedom/agency, range, dynamicity and efficiency of control over the scenario, behavioural coherence, and system adaptability, which is essential for scenario variability. We propose SELDON, a model based on centralised and indirect control of an emergent simulation. Scenario content is represented by domain and activity models in the DOMAIN-DL and ACTIVITY-DL lanquages. The virtual environement is populated by autonomous characters, and the user’s choices of actions are unconstrained. Orchestration is carried out in two steps: first, a set of dynamic objectives is determined from the user’s profile and activity, then a scenario is generated from these objectives and executed through adjustements on the simulation. The DIRECTOR engine performs scenario generation and execution. DIRECTOR uses the simulation’s models to predict its evolution and guide it through a set of indirect adjustements that influence technical systems’ reactions and characters’ decisions. It uses planning to generate scenarios made up of prediction steps that DIRECTOR monitors in the simulation and adjustements that it triggers in the virtual environment. Scenario objectives can be defined dynamically through prescribed/proscribed situations and constraints on global scenario properties or statically as a space of scenarios of interest represented in the CAUSALITY-DL language.

This journey based narrative inspired by the traditional narrative of the Major Arcana cards in the tarot, centers on The Fool and his interactions with the rest of the Major Arcana. The Fool’s journey centers on memory, regaining personal power, admitting and accepting weakness, and creating a personal place in relation to a larger world. This evolution throughout the journey is explored through detailed repeating imagery and symbols drawn from a mixture of traditional tarot imagery and the author’s personal image set created for this narrative.

Les études sur les personnages féminins stendhaliens et mériméens sont certainement nombreuses. Toutefois, notre travail envisage une nouvelle approche qui a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les rapports que Stendhal et Mérimée entretiennent avec les théories qui prédominent dès le XVIIIe siècle. Nous nous référons en particulier à la théorie des quatre tempéraments et la théorie des climats et leur influence sur la création des figures féminines, protagonistes des histoires qui constituent le corpus des Chroniques italiennes et des nouvelles de Mérimée, c’est-à-dire La Vénus d’Ille, Colomba et Carmen. Notre propos est de découvrir un nouvel aspect de la problématique féminine en analysant le type humain de la femme du Midi étudié sous la perspective de l’influence des théories susmentionnées. Nous avons également mis en relation la forme littéraire adoptée par les deux écrivains (la nouvelle, le petit roman) avec les sujets qu’ils abordent et l’effet qu’ils veulent produire sur le lecteur. En quoi, en effet, la forme brève qu'ils choisissent contribue-t-elle à l'effet de violence que la représentation du Sud est supposée produire ? Le récit court sert, à l'évidence, l'efficacité d'un propos à la fois esthétique, ethnologique et éthique. L’étude s’articule en trois temps. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons à l’évolution de la théorie des tempéraments et la théorie des climats, ensuite, au contexte historique et culturel de la période à cheval entre le XVIIIe et XIXe siècles qui influence aussi la création littéraire de Stendhal et de Mérimée. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous occupons de la poétique stendhalienne et mériméenne par rapport aux récits courts. Enfin, nous analysons les figures féminines par rapport aux études préliminaires que nous avons faites dans les parties précédentes. / Studies about female characters in Stendhal’s and Mérimée’s works are in no doubt numerous. However, the aim of our work is to highlight the relationship between these authors and the theories that prevailed from the eighteenth century onwards. We refer in particular to both the four temperaments theory and the climate the theory and their influence on the creation of female characters, protagonists in the stories we chose for our corpus: the Chroniques italiennes of Stendhal and the shorts stories La Vénus d’Ille, Colomba and Carmen of Mérimée. Our purpose is to unveil a new aspect of the female problematic by analysing Southern Europe woman human type observed from the perspective of the influence of the above-mentioned theories. We also linked the form chosen by the two writers (short story, little novel) with the themes they address and the effect they want to produce on the reader. To which extent is the short story type contributing to the effect of violence supposed to be produced by the depiction of the South? Short stories serve the efficiency of a purpose at the same time aesthetic, ethnological and ethical. This study consists of three parts. First of all, we examine the the evolution of both four temperaments theory and climate theory, as well as the eighteenth, beginning of the nineteenth century historical and cultural background which also influences Stendhal and Mérimée literary creation. Secondly, we reflect upon Stendhal’s and Mérimée’s poetics in relation to short stories. Finally, we analyse the female characters in relation to the preliminary studies previously mentioned. / Gli studi sui personaggi femminili di Stendhal e Mérimée sono sicuramenti numerosi. Ciò nonostante, il nostro lavoro prevede un nuovo approccio che ha come obiettivo di mettere in evidenza l’influenza che le correnti di pensiero, che predominano a partire dal diciottesimo secolo, hanno sulla produzione letterario di Stendhal e Mérimée. In particolare, ci riferiamo alla teoria dei quattro temperamenti e alla teoria dei climi rispetto alla creazione dei personaggi femminili, protagonisti delle storie che costituiscono il corpus delle Cronache italiane e delle novelle di Mérimée, ossia La Venere d’Ille, Colomba et Carmen. Il nostro scopo è quello di mettere in luce un nuovo aspetto della problematica femminile, analizzando il tipo umano della donna meridionale studiato sotto la prospettiva delle teorie sopra menzionate. Abbiamo anche messo in relazione la forma letteraria adottata dai due scrittori (la novella, il piccolo romanzo) con l’argomento che trattano e l’effetto che vogliono produrre sul lettore. Concretamente, in che modo la forma breve che scelgono contribuisce all’effetto di violenza che la rappresentazione del Sud è presupposta produrre? La novella serve a rendere efficace un pensiero estetico, etnologico et etico. Lo studio si divide in tre parti. In un primo momento, ci interessiamo all’evoluzione della teoria dei temperamenti e alla teoria dei climi, in seguito, al contesto storico-culturale del periodo a cavallo tra diciottesimo e diciannovesimo secolo che influenza anche la creazione letteraria di Stendhal et Mérimée. In un secondo momento, ci occupiamo della poetica di Stendhal et Mérimée rispetto alla novella. Infine, analizziamo i personaggi femminili in rapporto agli studi preliminari effettuati nelle parti precedenti della nostra tesi.

The diploma thesis deals with theme of racism and its narrative representation in art. It consists of three main parts. The first part of thesis defines racism and explains essential themes and concepts which bear on racism. It also briefly points out the historical development of racism. In the second part thesis deals with the narratology as theory of narrative. It explains what the story is and shows the main parts of each story - event, character, environment. In the third and last part of thesis, it focuses on analysis of selected film and literary stories where is rasism the important topic. It focuses on the way of picture the racism in narrative structure and its impact on characters and human society. That part describes storyline or characters related to racism.

L’affabulation homodiégétique et la métafiction étant souvent utilisées, quand il s’agit de migrants narrateurs, cette recherche porte sur l’étude de la figure du migrant narrateur dans les romans italiens publiés entre 2001 et 2014 et adopte une approche comparative par rapport aux techniques, symboles et connexions historiques liés à l’utilisation de la métafiction. En comparant la multitude de techniques narratives qu’entraîne la métafiction ainsi que les thématiques véhiculées par ces techniques, il s’agira d’établir les points communs dans la façon dont ces romans utilisent les outils stylistiques et exploitent les thèmes liés à la métafiction afin de déterminer, le cas échéant, la cohérence de l’utilisation de la métafiction dans ces romans. / Since homodiegetic narration and metafiction are often used when there are migrant narrators in Italian contemporary novels, my PhD project focuses on migrant narrators characters in the Italian novels published between 2001 and 2014 and proposes a comparative study of technics, symboles and historical connections connected to metafiction. The aim is to compare the various narrative metafictional technics and their themes in order to find common ways in which these novels use stylistic elements and develop themes connected to metafiction to confirm a coherent use of metafiction in these novels.

The study investigated the nature of the portrayal of aged characters in children's novels which won Children's Book Council of Australia's awards in the period from 1946 to 1985. By means of content analysis, the demographic, personal and behavioural characteristics of aged characters were identified on a thirty-four item checklist. From these characteristics a portrayal score was derived to represent the extent of variation in the depiction of aged characters in the novels examined. Analysis of variance tests indicated that the level of variation in portrayal scores was significantly related to the position of importance of aged characters in novels. The portrayal of aged characters did not vary according either to the approach to story adopted in Australian award-winning novels, or to the period in which the award was granted. It seems that although aged characters taken as a whole in the novels studied display the variety of characteristics attributed to aged people in the literature of gerontology, individually many of these aged characters are depicted in a somewhat limited way. There is evidence to suggest that aged characters in Australian award-winning children's novels do not adequately reflect the demographic characteristics of aged people in the Australian population. In terms of range of social settings in which they are depicted is restricted. So too, is the range of behaviours in which they engage. This rather limited depiction of aged characters means that readers of Australian award-winning children's novels are presented with a restricted and unrealistic view of the aged and of the condition of being aged. If children's novels serve as one of the socialisation agents for young people, then the limited portrayal of aged characters presented in those novels may be a cause for concern, especially as there are few indications that the depiction of aged characters generally in more recent award-winning novels has become more varied and realistic.

本研究乃是以經濟部所屬國營事業第一波民營化名單，包括中鋼、中船、中工、中化與台機等五家公司為對象，探討團隊特性（協調性、合作性、相互支援性、目標與績效衡量、意見及決策參與、溝通管道、領導風格）與組織變革（民營化）態度之間的關係。因為現代社會環境變動既刻烈又快速，組織乃一開放系統，為求組織的生存與發展，必須與所處環境保持一種動態的平衡，因此變革勢所難免。如何使員工願意接納組織所進行的變革、如何消弭或減緩員工抗拒變革的心理，有何模式及解決之道，這些均值得探討。而在推動變革的過程中，如何使受到影響的員工能有效參與，利用團隊的力量，發揮團隊的綜效(synergy)，促動組織順利進行變革，這是組織的領導者或管理者所應面對的主題。在今日複雜多變的企業競爭下，「團隊合作」已成為愈來愈受歡迎的管理策略，經由集思廣益，可以強化創新及創造的能力，提高競爭優勢。未來成功的組織是一種強調不斷學習、不斷創新、扁平化、開放的「學習型組織」，而團隊是組織學習的基本單位，如何建立高效能的團隊則是另一項管理者所要面對的課題。實證研究在探討團隊特性與民營化變革之間的關係，以做為團隊是否可適用於組織變革過程的實證支持。結果發現兩者之間有一定的相關性存在。經由理論分析、實證調查、深度訪談三種研究方法的運用，得出幾點研究發現：1.團隊的「目標與績效衡量」、「意見及決策參與」、「溝通管道」、「領導風格」等特性與組織變革（民營化）態度中的「支持民營化變革」有關2.團隊的「合作性」、「相互支援性」、「目標與績效衡量」、「意見及決策參與」、「溝通管道」、「領導風格」與「抗拒民營化變革」態度有關3.團隊的「目標與績效衡量」特性與「採中立觀望態度」有關。本研究綜合各項研究結果提出以下研究建議：一．在民營化變革方面：1.加強民營化政策及法令的宣導2.使員工參與民營化變革事項的規劃工作3.工會積極扮演溝通協調角色4.給予員工第二專長訓練及轉業輔導5.民營化專業顧問的利用6.企業文化及形象的重塑7.鼓勵員工優先認股或由員工接辦民營化後的業務。二．管理實務方面：1.組織變革應以策略為導向2.遵循計畫性變革的步驟3.重塑扁平化的團隊式組織架構4.利用外部顧問促動變革的產生5.最高主管的支持6.組織變革應以組織文化的變革為基本。