Purpose– The assumption that microcredit alone can contribute to worldwide povertyalleviation is debated, the opponents voicing the need of non-credit services in addition togive the poor access to capital. Social intermediation services are argued to be essential inmaking a difference in a time where the impact of microfinance itself has been reappraised inseveral studies. Simultaneously, the shift to commercialization of the industry due to pressureto accomplish self–sustainability is inescapable; concerns over its benefits for the poor ispronounced. Some are suggesting positive effects, others argue there being negative effectsdue to the change in focus. The purpose of this study is to generate knowledge about theinfluence MFIs have in enabling individuals to be microentrepreneurs in Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approach– This will be accomplished through investigating theconditions and terminology used by MFIs in relation to entrepreneurship and theirrequirements of training. The findings may be used as guidance to other MFIs andstakeholders, both nationally and globally, who wish to engage in this field. The study relieson qualitative methodology where multiple case studies were analyzed and the findings basedon primary data conducted from nine semi-structured interviews. The cases have beenselected according to theoretical sampling.Findings– Based on the findings and theories applied, it can be stated that the ambition of theMFIs in Sri Lanka is to contribute to the microentrepreneurs development. This isaccomplished by giving them microcredit, training and motivation to start a sustainablebusiness and thus rise out of poverty. The findings suggest that the MFIs have an importantrole, but that the responsibility following as a result of their influence is compromised. Theconclusion is that the MFIs do not acknowledge everyone to be entrepreneurs, and are lackingin providing the most optimal training and supply of microfinance services for theirmicroentrepreneurs to succeed. This is limiting the microentrepreneurs progress and excludesan unknown part of potential microentrepreneurs.Originality/value– The findings of this study can help us to understand how MFIs in SriLanka enable or restrict the microentrepreneur because of their expectations and otherconsequences due to the market of microfinance and the fundamental assumptions whichmicrofinance is based on. Our contribution provides context on what conditions andlimitations MFIs create for microentrepreneurs in rising out of poverty with the assistance ofmicrofinance. The findings may be used as guidance to other MFIs and stakeholders, bothnationally and globally, who wish to engage in this field. / Syfte– Antagandet att enbart mikrokredit kan bidra till världsomfattande fattigdomsbekämpningär omdiskuterat. Motståndarna uttrycker behovet av icke-kredittjänster utöver attge tillgång till kapital. Icke-kredittjänster hävdas vara avgörande för att göra skillnad i en tiddå mikrofinansens inverkan har blivit omprövad i flera studier. Samtidigt är övergången tillkommersialisering av mikrofinansindustrin, på grund av påtryckningarna att uppnå finansiellhållbarhet, oundviklig; oro över konsekvenserna av detta för de fattiga är debatterad. Någraredogör för de positiva effekter kommersialisering innebär och andra poängterar de negativakonsekvenserna av att förändra fokus. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa kunskap om detinflytande som mikrofinansinstitut (MFIs) har för att möjliggöra för individer att vara mikroentreprenöreri Sri Lanka.Design/metod/tillvägagångssätt– Detta kommer att åstadkommas genom att undersökavillkoren och terminologin i förhållande till entreprenörskap och MFIs krav på träning förderas mikrolåntagare. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod där flera fallstudier haranalyserats och resultaten är baserade på primära data utifrån nio semistrukturerade intervjuer.Fallen har valts ändamålsenligt enligt ett teoretiskt urval.Slutsatser– Utifrån studiens resultat och teorier kan det konstateras att MFIs ambition i SriLanka är att bidra till utvecklingen av mikroentreprenörer. Det görs genom att ge demmikrokredit, utbildning och motivation för att starta en hållbar inkomstgenererande aktivitetför att ta sig ut ur fattigdom. Resultatet visar på att mikrofinansinstituten har en viktig rollmen att det ansvar som MFIs har som följd av deras inflytande är försummat. Slutsatsen är attmikrofinansinstituten begränsar mikroentreprenörernas framgång och exkluderar en okänd delav potentiella entreprenörer då de inte erkänner alla som entreprenörer. De saknar även denoptimala träningen och utbud av mikrofinanstjänster för att få sina mikroentreprenörer attlyckas.Originalitet/värde– Resultatet av denna studie skapar förståelse för hur MFIs i Sri Lankamöjliggör eller begränsar mikroentreprenörer på grund av deras förväntningar och andraförutsättningar på grund av mikrofinansmarknaden och grundläggande antaganden sommikrofinanskonceptet bygger på. Vårt resultat bidrar till att tydliggöra vilka villkor ochbegränsningar mikrofinansinstituten skapar för mikroentreprenörer i att ta sig ut ur fattigdommed hjälp av mikrokredit. Resultaten kan användas som vägledning till andra MFIs ochintressenter, både nationellt och globalt, som vill engagera sig i detta område.Uppsatsen kommer fortsättningsvis att presenteras på engelska.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore factors, actors and processes which condition innovative commercialization of bamboo in Ethiopia. The thesis particularly focuses on how traditional technologies and entrepreneurial innovations can be a source of knowledge and foundation for bamboo commercialization in Ethiopia. In tandem with technology development, it also attempts to shed light on how variations in value chains and market availability result in differential levels of commercialization. The research is designed based on the system of innovation and value chain approaches as main theoretical lenses. Data is collected from three districts and cities. The main data collection method was surveys of key value chain actors, complemented by expert interviews, case studies, group discussions and analysis of secondary data sources. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques including inferential statistics are used for analysis. The results demonstrate that traditional knowledge and technical skills are key sources of innovation for bamboo commercialization. These technical skills are gradually transferred from rural to urban and from traditional to semi-modern via recreational houses and furniture production. The research found that the major factors which significantly explain the differences in technical skills are bamboo income, use knowledge, market distance and management regimes. The study further reveals that there are diversity of enterprises which have a major role both in generation of innovation and production of value added products. Innovation performance is influenced by level of technology, financial access and business experience while economic performance is influenced by the age of the enterprise owner, their innovativeness, level of technology and location (urban functions). Institutional actors play an intermediary role at the production and processing levels in promoting bamboo sector development through training provision, policy development and linking actors along the value chain. Similarly, consumers are also key actors in the value chain and are the major drivers of bamboo commercialization. Rates of commercialization are found different among regions where areas with a better access to consumer markets reportedly engage more in commercial extraction and earn a correspondingly higher income from bamboo than regions far from centers of consumption. In summary, the empirical analysis depicts that innovative commercialization is the result of a combination of technological capability, entrepreneurial competency and market accessibility. Thus, future policy for bamboo resource commercialization and development should be geared towards establishing and nurturing a bamboo sector innovation system which in turn supports the development of technology-led resource commercialization and facilitates entry into the global value chain. / Diese Dissertation hat zum Ziel, Faktoren, Akteure und Prozesse zu erforschen, welche die innovative Kommerzialisierung von Bambus in Äthiopien bedingen. Insbesondere wird in dieser Arbeit darauf eingegangen, inwiefern traditionelle Technologien und unternehmerische Innovationen eine Wissensquelle und ein Fundament für die Bambuskommerzialisierung in Äthiopien sein können. Zusammen mit der Technologieentwicklung wird auch dargestellt, wie Variationen in der Wertekette und der Marktverfügbarkeit zu unterschiedlichen Graden der Kommerzialisierung führen. Die Forschung basiert auf dem System von Innovations- und Wertekettenverfahren als grundlegende theoretische Aspekte. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in drei Distrikten und Städten. Die Haupterfassungsmethode war die Befragung von Schlüsselakteuren in den Werteketten, ergänzt durch Experteninterviews, Fallstudien, Gruppendiskussionen sowie Analysen von sekundären Datenquellen. Sowohl qualitative als auch quantitative Verfahren einschließlich der Interferenzstatistik dienen der Analyse. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass traditionelles Wissen und technische Fertigkeiten Schlüsselquellen für Innovationen in der Bambuskommerzialisierung sind. Diese technischen Fertigkeiten werden nach und nach vom Ländlichen zum Städtischen sowie vom Traditionellen zur Semimoderne überführt, was sich hauptsächlich durch den Erholungssektor sowie durch die Möbelherstellung zeigt. Die Forschung fand heraus, dass die Hauptfaktoren der Unterschiede in den technischen Fertigkeiten das durch Bambus erzielte Einkommen, das Wissen über dessen Verwendung, die Distanz zum Markt sowie Managementregime sind. Ferner zeigten die Untersuchungen, dass es eine Vielfalt von Betrieben gibt, welche eine Hauptrolle sowohl bei Innovationen als auch bei der Herstellung höherwertiger Produkte spielen. Die Innovationsleistung wird beeinflusst durch den Stand der Technik, durch finanziellen Zugang sowie Businesserfahrungen, während die ökonomische Leistung beeinflusst wird durch das Alter der Betriebsbesitzer, deren Innovation, den Stand der Technik, sowie durch die Lage (urbane Funktionen). Institutionelle Akteure spielen eine Zwischenrolle auf Produktions- und Verarbeitungsebene bei der Förderung der Entwicklung des Bambussektors durch Bereitstellung von Ausbildung, der Entwicklung von Methoden und verbindenden Akteuren entlang der Wertekette. Ähnlich sind auch die Konsumenten Schlüsselfaktoren in der Wertekette sowie Hauptantrieb für die Bambuskommerzialisierung. Die Kommerzialisierungsraten in den einzelnen Regionen sind unterschiedlich, wobei Gebiete mit besserem Marktzugang eine größere Kommerzialisierung bewirken und ein besseres Bambus-basiertes Einkommen erzeugen als Regionen, die sich fernab von den Zentren der Konsumption befinden. Zusammenfassend kann ausgeführt werden, dass die empirische Analyse zu dem Schluss kommt, dass innovative Kommerzialisierung das Ergebnis einer Kombination technischer Fähigkeit, unternehmerischer Kompetenz sowie der Marktzugänglichkeit ist. Folglich ist die zukunftsorientierte bambusbasierte Kommerzialisierung und Entwicklung so zu lenken, dass das Innovationssystem auf dem Bambussektor etabliert und gestärkt wird, wodurch auch die Entwicklung technologiegeführter Ressourcenkommerzialisierung gefördert sowie der Zugang zur globalen Wertekette begünstigt wird.

A manga (Mangifera indica L.) fruta tropical climatérica, apresenta grande diferenciação de valor por qualidade, no mercado atacadista do Entreposto Terminal de São Paulo da CEAGESP, no mesmo dia de comercialização, entre lotes da mesma variedade e tamanho. Este estudo buscou compreender as causas da diferenciação de valor, levantando e integrando a percepção do atacadista comerciante de manga, com os resultados de análises físicas e químicas em laboratório e com a análise sensorial. Uma caixa do lote de maior e uma do lote de menor valor de manga \'Palmer\' do tipo 12, o tamanho mais valorizado, foram coletadas a cada semana, durante sete meses, e submetidas a avaliações físicas e químicas. Os maiores atacadistas comerciantes de manga Palmer avaliaram diferentes caixas de manga, conferindo notas aos seus atributos, através de uma escala de notas do gabarito de avaliação de qualidade para manga desenvolvido pelos técnicos do Centro de Qualidade, Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da CEAGESP. Frutas dos lotes de maior e menor valor foram submetidas à avaliação sensorial, depois de descascadas e separadas por coloração da polpa: amarelo-alaranjado e amarelo-esverdeado. A avaliação por atributo, entre os diferentes atacadistas, foi mais uniforme e com menor coeficiente de variação. A avaliação dos atributos externos, realizada pelos atacadistas de manga, mostrou como atributos mais importantes na diferenciação de valor a maior homogeneidade de coloração na caixa e a maior proporção de cobertura da coloração avermelhada na casca. As avaliações físicas e químicas mostraram diferença significativa dos resultados entre os lotes de maior e menor valor. As diferenças médias de preço entre os lotes avaliados de maior e no valor, no mesmo dia, foi de 23%, variando de 0% a 67%. Os lotes mais valorizados apresentaram maior cobertura de coloração avermelhada, coloração de fundo mais amarela, polpa mais colorida, maior teor de sólidos solúveis, menor acidez titulável, maior pH, menor teor de ácido ascórbico, maior teor de matéria seca, maior densidade, menor firmeza, menor conteúdo de amido, menor ocorrência da presença de cal na casca, maior ocorrência de colapso interno e mesma ocorrência de mancha por látex e desenvolvimento de cera na casca. Os lotes mais valorizados foram predominantemente caracterizados como de manga colhida madura e transportada com refrigeração. Não houve diferença significativa na avaliação sensorial dos atributos: aparência, aroma, coloração da polpa, sabor e textura, entre mangas de mesma coloração de polpa, entre os lotes de maior e menor valor. Houve diferença significativa na avaliação sensorial entre os frutos de polpa amarelo-alaranjado e amarelo-esverdeado. Os mesmos frutos, que não apresentaram diferença na avaliação sensorial, quando submetidos a análises físicas e químicas mostraram maior teor de sólidos solúveis, menor acidez titulável, maior ratio, maior ocorrência de colapso interno e estádio mais avançado de maturação da polpa, na mesma coloração e polpa, na comparação entre lotes de maior e menor valor. As diferenças detectadas pelas análises físicas e químicas, entre polpas de mesma coloração, de lotes de maior e menor valor, não foram percebidas na avaliação sensorial. / Mango (Mangifera indica L.) a climacteric tropical fruit, presents a great value differentiation by quality at the wholesale market of the Terminal Warehouse of São Paulo of CEAGESP, on the same day, same variety and size. This study has searched for the attributes responsible for this value differentiation, integrating mango wholesaler quality perception, mango physical and chemical analyzes and mango sensorial analysis. One box from the most valued \'Palmer\' mango batches and one from the less valued, size and submitted to physical and chemical analyses. Different valued mango boxes were submitted to \'Palmer\' mango largest wholesalers, for external attribute evaluation. A quality score was given to each attribute for each box, using the mango quality scale developed by CEAGESP\'s Quality, Research and Development Center. Fruits from the most and less valued batches were peeled and separated by pulp colour: yellow-orange and yellow-green and submitted to sensorial analysis. The whosaler quality perception has shown as the most important attributes for value differentiation color homogeneity and reddish skin. A reddish coloration higher proportion, a more yellowish background color, a more colored pulp, a higher soluble solids content, a lower titratable acidity, a higher pH, a lower ascorbic acid content, a higher dry matter content, a higher density, a lower firmness, a lower starch content, a lesser occurrence of skin white spots, a greater occurrence of internal collapse and similar occurrence of latex stain and development of wax in the peel were found in highest value batches, compared to lower valued batches, by physical and chemical evaluations. The medium price differentiation, between the most and less valued batches, at the same day, was 23 % and varying from 67% to 0 %. The most valued batches were predominantely picked mature and stored and transported cold. Appearance, aroma, pulp color, flavor and texture has shown sensory evaluation no significant difference comparing mangoes of same pulp color of the highest and lowest values. The sensorial analysis has shown significant difference when comparing different pulp colour. The same fruits submitted to sensorial analysis, of yellow orange pulp compared with yellow green pulp, has shown higher soluble solids content, less titratable acidity, higher ratio, more internal collapse and more advanced pulp maturation stage for the most valued batches yellow orange color and yellow green, when compared to less valued yellow green different color pulps. The difference perceived by the physical and chemical analyzes, between fruits of higher and lower value of the pulp color, was not detected by sensorial evaluation.

Orientador: Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim / Resumo: O Brasil possui grande potencial econômico no mercado de plantas condimentares, sendo o Estado de São Paulo o maior produtor e consumidor deste segmento, apresentando importância social na geração de empregos, de forma direta e indireta, em especial para agricultores familiares. Localizado no Estado de São Paulo, o município de Avaré possui 80% da sua área rural distribuída em médios e pequenos agricultores familiares, com grande potencial de produção e comercialização de espécies olerícolas. Assim, objetivou-se neste estudo caracterizar a produção de plantas condimentares in natura por agricultores familiares e a comercialização em estabelecimentos comerciais no município de Avaré, SP. As entrevistas presenciais realizadas nas propriedades rurais ocorreram durante o ano de 2018 e 2019, sendo realizadas através de questionário semiestruturado composto por tópicos que guiaram a entrevista acerca do sistema de cultivo utilizado pelo agricultor-produtor, além do levantamento socioeconômico dos envolvidos na cadeia de produção, totalizando dez propriedades visitadas. Em relação aos estabelecimentos comerciais foram feitas entrevistadas em dez sacolões, dez supermercados e duas feiras livres municipais. Os dados obtidos revelaram que os produtores rurais de plantas condimentares do município de Avaré, são da agricultura familiar e apresentam diversidade na produção dessas espécies, porém com predominância da produção de cebolinha e salsinha. Os estabelecimentos comerciais ofertam ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Una empresa de consumo masivo, líder en el sector avícola, presenta una tendencia decreciente en el mercado, en uno de sus giros de negocio del canal de ventas Food Service, el giro Horeca, conforme lo demuestran sus estadísticas. El presente trabajo, parte de esta premisa, y desarrolla un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo que permite concluir que el problema es la inadecuación del modelo de distribución general de la corporación para el giro Horeca. Se desarrolla una nueva estrategia de negocio para este giro, con un claro enfoque en un modelo de distribución apropiado, que responda a todas las variables críticas, y que tenga sentido dentro del contexto de la empresa que gestiona un negocio en marcha. Se analiza el concepto de respuesta eficiente al consumidor, y dos estrategias son propuestas: la descentralización de almacenes; y la entrega certificada nocturna. Ambas se presentan y son sometidas a una matriz de priorización, concluyéndose que, para efectos del presente trabajo, la opción a implementar es la entrega certificada nocturna que se implementa como un complemento, que agrega valor al sistema de distribución general, y propone una solución al sistema de distribución del giro de negocio Horeca. Implementación que es planteada en su fase inicial, tanto en lo que respecta a una implementación operativa, como al análisis financiero de la misma, que sustenta su viabilidad. / In a leader mass consumption company in the poultry sector, its Horeca business unit, one of the Food Service sales channel, has been showing a decreasing trend in its market position. From this premise as a starting point, a quantitative and qualitative analysis have been developed, to determine the root cause of the Horeca business unit problem. The analysis lead us to conclude that the problem cause is the inadequacy of the corporation's general distribution model applied to the Horeca business unit. A new business strategy is developed for Horeca, focused on an appropriate distribution model to respond to the critical variables of this business unit, and also taking into consideration the company context as an ongoing business which the Horeca unit is part of. To develop an improved distribution model proposal, the efficient consumer response (ECR) concept is analyzed, and two strategies were presented and evaluated: a warehouse decentralization and the certified delivery in late hours. Both were subjected to a prioritization matrix, and as a result, for the purposes of this work, the option to be implemented is the certified delivery in late hours, as an alternative that solves the Horeca distribution model problem and complements the general distribution system as an added value. The implementation of the certified delivery in late hour distribution model, is developed for an initial phase, supported by its viability financial analysis. / Tesis

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) or Grätzel cells are electrochemical devices in where physicochemical properties of different materials are combined to obtain electric energy. These photoconversion devices have evolved from a pioneering concept of molecular photovoltaics to industrial development with confirmed record efficiencies of 14.3%. Their efficiency combined with low-cost production methods and a high aesthetic interest enables the production of DSSC products for consumer electronics market. The strengths of this technology and the fact that its drawbacks are not limiting for this application makes consumer electronics and DSSC a perfect match for the development of self-powered devices. Some companies have already spot a potential market and are currently launching different consumer electronics and other devices with embedded DSSC. This thesis provides an overview of the operation principles of DSSC and the possible routes to improve the efficiency of these devices to emerge and thrive. Additionally, improvements in efficiency, stability and manufacturing needed to be addressed in the near future for this technology are discussed and its suitability to represent a breakthrough in the market of consumer electronics. An overview of the main companies developing DSSC and current prototypes and products is included.

El presente plan de negocios busca evaluar la factibilidad para la creación de una empresa comercializadora de granos andinos convencionales, principalmente quinua, kiwicha, tarwi y cañihua, los cuales ingresarán al mercado con la marca “Grandino”, para lo cual se realizó el análisis del macro y microentorno para evaluar las condiciones, la oportunidad del negocio y la atractividad del sector. Para comprender mejor al consumidor, se ha realizado un sondeo, el cual permitió concluir que hay disposición e interés en el consumo de granos andinos; y facilitó definir diversos aspectos relacionados al modelo de negocio. Como ventaja competitiva Grandino ofrecerá productos que atienden las necesidades actuales de alimentación, con los atributos de ser nutritivos y al mejor precio. Para el lanzamiento las acciones se enfocarán en generar conocimiento y confianza en nuestra marca y productos, y que nuestro público objetivo compruebe el factor calidad/precio de nuestra oferta. La gestión de Grandino busca ser ágil y moderna, por lo que los procesos de acondicionamiento, transporte y distribución estarán tercerizados focalizándonos en los objetivos comerciales para el posicionamiento de la marca en el mercado de Lima Metropolitana. En general, y tras evaluar la demanda y la viabilidad operativa, comercial, económica y financiera, se trata de una oportunidad de negocio con los niveles de rentabilidad adecuados, que atiende un mercado en expansión sobre el cual esta iniciativa puede iniciar su actividad. / This business plan seeks to evaluate the feasibility for the creation of a commercial company for conventional Andean grains, mainly quinoa, kiwicha, tarwi and cañihua, which will enter the market with the brand “Grandino”. So, the analysis of the macro and microenvironment was carried out to evaluate the conditions, the business opportunity and the attractive of the market. To better understand the consumer, a survey has been carried out, which allowed to conclude that there is willingness and interest in the consumption of Andean grains; and it facilitated the definition of various aspects related to the business model. As a competitive advantage, Grandino will offer products that meet current food needs, with the attributes of being nutritious and at the best price. For the launch, the actions will focus on generating knowledge and trust in our brand and products, and that our target audience verifies the quality / price factor of our offer. Grandino’s management seeks to be agile and modern, so the conditioning of the products, the transportation and the distribution will be outsourced, focusing on the commercial objectives for the positioning of the brand in the market of Lima City. In general, and after evaluating the demand and the operational, commercial, economic, and financial viability, it is a business opportunity with adequate profitability levels, which serves an expanding market, on which this initiative can start its activity. / Trabajo de investigación

This dissertation is aimed at exploring social media communication of Czech athletes, with a focus on the commercialization of their content. Its purpose is to analyze the subject from the perspective of the athletes who are communicating through social networking sites as well as from the perspective of their fans who are receiving their messages with both sports and commercial character. Although studies focused on athlete's communication on social media and audience reactions to it have been conducted in other countries, similar studies have not yet been conducted in the Czech Republic. Athletes' communication via social networks and its commercial potential is a topic of current interest. Exploring it is beneficial, and this work will expand the body of knowledge of the subject. It will also help to show the regional specifics of sports- related communication via social media and the commercialization of sports-related content. The research consists of two parts: the first is a content analysis of selected athletes' Facebook pages, which encoded data over the course of one year in order to preclude distortion of the results due to seasonality. The second part is an analysis of interviews with athletes and some of their representatives. Both parts are mutually complementary and expand...

El distrito de Santa Cruz de Flores, autodenominado “La capital del vino y el buen pisco”; está ubicado en la provincia de Cañete, departamento de Lima, a la altura del kilómetro 82 de la panamericana sur. Cuenta con un microclima privilegiado; tierras de cultivo bajo riego ricos en nutrientes y libres de sales solubles; que la convierten en una zona propicia para la producción de uvas, especialmente del tipo “pisqueras”. Precisamente, esta condición hace que encontremos en el distrito una cantidad importante de productores de pisco, con productos de muy buena calidad, sabor extraordinario y a un precio relativamente bajo; abasteciendo principalmente el mercado de su localidad y aledaños. La condición anterior, sumada a la conveniente cercanía del distrito al mercado más grande del país, que es Lima metropolitana; nos permite afirmar que existe una real oportunidad de negocio para intermediar entre productores y consumidores. Precisamente, en el presente plan de negocios, se plantea crear una empresa de comercialización de pisco, cuya propuesta de valor consiste en llevar al mercado de Lima metropolitana, los piscos producidos en el distrito de Santa Cruz de Flores; con una marca propia denominada Finca 73; en una presentación especial; y a un precio relativamente bajo. Teniendo como factores diferenciadores, la asociación de la marca con la naturaleza; y el sabor a uvas que se deja sentir en el producto (difícil de encontrar en la mayoría de piscos, sobre todo en los de bajo precio). Del sondeo de mercado realizado, obtuvimos una aceptación total del producto Finca 73, tanto en su sabor como en su presentación y precio. Después de analizar los índices de rentabilidad del proyecto, tales como VAN S/.612,728; TIR 167%; Payback igual a 1; y las utilidades asociadas al mismo; se concluye que la idea de negocio es deseable, factible y viable. / The district of Santa Cruz de Flores, calling itself “The capital of wine and good pisco”; It is located in the province of Cañete, department of Lima, at kilometer 82 of the South Pan-American Highway. It has a privileged microclimate; irrigated farmland rich in nutrients and free of soluble salts; that make it a favorable area for the production of grapes, especially of the "pisqueras" type. Precisely, this condition means that we find a significant number of pisco producers in the district, with products of very good quality, extraordinary flavor and at a relatively low price; mainly supplying the market of its locality and surroundings. The previous condition, added to the convenient proximity of the district to the largest market in the country, which is metropolitan Lima; allows us to affirm that there is a real business opportunity to mediate between producers and consumers. Precisely, in this business plan, it is proposed to create a pisco commercializing company, whose value proposition consists of bringing to the market of metropolitan Lima, the piscos produced in the district of Santa Cruz de Flores; with its own brand called Finca 73; in a special presentation; and at a relatively low price. Taking as differentiating factors, the association of the brand with nature; and the flavor of grapes that is felt in the product (difficult to find in most piscos, especially in those of low price). From the market survey carried out, we obtained a total acceptance of the Finca 73 product, both in its taste and in its presentation and price. After analyzing the profitability indexes of the project, such as VAN S/. 612,728; IRR 167%; Payback equal to 1; and the profits associated with it; it is concluded that the business idea is desirable, feasible and viable. / Trabajo de investigación

This thesis is devoted to blogs and their commercialization, a phenomenon of the on-line world for last few years. The aim of this work is to explore several Czech lifestyle blogs and to find out how much commercial content there is, also how the audience reacts to this content as well as how the bloggers themselves approach commercial content. In the beginning the development of blogs is described, both in the Czech and global environment. The characteristic features of blogs from different perspectives on the issues are also described. The development of blogs is then set in the context of events that made it possible at all. Furthermore, attention is paid also to the process of commercialization of content on the blogs and the possibilities monetizing the blogs' content. Emphasis is placed primarily on a detailed description of influencer marketing and its current situation, but it also discusses affiliate marketing and the use of public relations tools on blogs. The research part provides an insight into the issue of Czech blogs and the current blogosphere. First the chosen blogs are described and set in the context of the Czech blogosphere, then, based on a detailed content analysis, the level of commercial content on the selected blogs is described as well as how the audience reacts to it....