While today's   police forces are decreasing in number and their resources are limited,   population is at the same time increasing. This means that other types of   efforts and strategies are needed to fight crime. There are different   strategies to do this, one of which is called community policing that   involves proactive cooperation between citizens and the police to deal with   the problems. Traditionally, community policing meant that a local police in   the neighbourhood called for physical meetings, where citizens and police   together raised problems and discussed solutions to these. With today's   limited resources, there is little possibilities for the police to execute   this kind of physical collaboration and meetings. On the other hand, another   meeting place has been added (the one online) and an alternative way to   implement community policing may be online. With digital channels for this   purpose, there may also be an opportunity to reach groups of citizens that   the police have not reached before, but in order to do so, it requires work   and a use of these digital channels in the right way according to community   policing. The purpose of   this paper is to investigate what challenges and requirements that needs to   be taken into consideration when implementing community policing with the   support of digital communication channels. For this purpose, qualitative   research in the form of literature studies and semi-structured interviews   were conducted. Findings show   there are a lot of challenges and requirements to consider and there are   guidelines in the analysis and discussion section, to help begin to implement   this way of working. The practical   implications for this thesis may help police improving their relationships   with citizens in vulnerable areas to be able to cooperate according to   community policing to make these areas a better and safer place to live.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-10-19T11:51:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Patrícia Müzel de Paiva.pdf: 2122624 bytes, checksum: 26c812bcd7d850e3fe741a100ac9b6b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-19T11:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patrícia Müzel de Paiva.pdf: 2122624 bytes, checksum: 26c812bcd7d850e3fe741a100ac9b6b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-10 / Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUCSP / The research Children: between drugs, the police and the security intent to map, from a genealogical perspective, the historical-political actions that converge into creating a drug prevention program, PROERD (Educational Program of Resistance to Drugs and Violence), adaptation of the american program D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education). Problematize their articulations, not only within the disciplines, as well as the controls. Analyzing the formation of a resilient and participatory subject-child, leading to personal and living security improvements in the name of building a better society - healthy, happy and secure / A pesquisa As crianças: entre as drogas, a polícia e a segurança pretende mapear, a partir de uma perspectiva genealógica, as ações histórico-políticas que convergem na criação de um programa de prevenção às drogas, o PROERD (Programa Educacional de Resistência às Drogas e à Violência), adaptação do programa norte-americano D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education). Interessa problematizar suas articulações, não apenas dentro das disciplinas, como também dos controles. Analisa a constituição de um sujeito-criança resiliente e participativo, voltado à segurança de si e do espaço a sua volta em nome da construção de uma sociedade melhor – saudável, feliz e segura

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-26T10:53:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dalton Abranches Safi.pdf: 815220 bytes, checksum: 3ee2efbe1c791507871edad78c6c9656 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T10:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dalton Abranches Safi.pdf: 815220 bytes, checksum: 3ee2efbe1c791507871edad78c6c9656 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-04 / The present research aims to investigate the treatment of public safety on the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, which was promulgated on the 5th of October, 1988. We will firstly explore themes that are closely connected to the main one. It begins with the analysis of fundamental rights, with attention to their importance and meaning, starting to relate these rights with matters pertaining to State, Constitution and democracy, as well as its indelible imbrication with the principle of the Dignity of the Human Person. Fundamental rights are bundled with the demonstration of their dual nature. The research, therefore, aims to analyze the current Federal Constitution, an opportunity in which it seeks to discuss a general panorama of this normative document, with a focus on security and public safety. At the end, we try to address the nodal question of the research, with the verification of the legal nature of public security on the Citizen Constitution. It is therefore possible to ascertain whether the status of public security in the Major Law is that of a fundamental right, being defended assertively, also referring to the relevance of such categorization and in which dimension of fundamental right public security it is inserted / A presente pesquisa tem por escopo investigar o tratamento conferido pela Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, promulgada em 05 de outubro de 1988, no que diz respeito à segurança pública. Para tanto, opera-se primeiro a abordagem de alguns temas que possuem íntima conexão com o principal. Inicia-se com a análise dos direitos fundamentais, com atenção para a sua importância e significado, passando a relacionar tais direitos com as matérias atinentes a Estado, Constituição e democracia, além de seu indelével imbricamento com o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Enfeixam-se os direitos fundamentais com a demonstração de sua dupla natureza. A pesquisa objetiva, então, a análise da Constituição Federal vigente, oportunidade em que busca discorrer sobre um panorama geral desse diploma normativo, com enfoque mais específico, no tocante à segurança e a segurança pública. Parte-se, ao final, para a questão nodal da pesquisa, com a verificação da natureza jurídica da segurança pública no bojo da Constituição Cidadã. Perquire-se, assim, se o status da segurança pública em sobredita Lei Maior é de direito fundamental, sendo defendido assertivamente, com alusão, ainda, à importância de tal categorização e em qual dimensão de direito fundamental a segurança pública se insere

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the police organizational culture in Sweden. Previous research on Police in Sweden has focused largely on Police Chiefs and police officers. It has ignored a major element in the organisational culture of the police – civilian employees. This thesis revisits the organisational culture of the Swedish Police Service in its entirety. The thesis reports the change, steering and management issues that arose from the introduction of ’planned change’, via quality management, into the organisational culture of the police. To clarify these issues, it focuses on a recent reform initiative – community policing in the period between 1993 and 2004. Fieldwork and other data on a quality project were collected between 1995 and 1998. The results of this initiative were uneven. It was difficult to accomplish planned change. Much time was taken up with ’muddling through’. These results are then compared earlier accounts of planned change and ’muddling through’, taken from the international literature on organisational cultures. Overall, the research suggests that the organisation of Police Chiefs, police officers, and civilian staff are not fully integrated, and boundaries between these groups are a source of internal, time-consuming discussion, all of which have an impact on the Swedish police service. In sum, organizational culture of the Swedish police service can be understood in terms of its relationships with different sub-cultures and in term of its relationship with the outside world. These features give the service a unique character.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the police organizational culture in Sweden. Previous research on Police in Sweden has focused largely on Police Chiefs and police officers. It has ignored a major element in the organisational culture of the police – civilian employees. This thesis revisits the organisational culture of the Swedish Police Service in its entirety. The thesis reports the change, steering and management issues that arose from the introduction of ’planned change’, via quality management, into the organisational culture of the police. To clarify these issues, it focuses on a recent reform initiative – community policing in the period between 1993 and 2004. Fieldwork and other data on a quality project were collected between 1995 and 1998. The results of this initiative were uneven. It was difficult to accomplish planned change. Much time was taken up with ’muddling through’. These results are then compared earlier accounts of planned change and ’muddling through’, taken from the international literature on organisational cultures. Overall, the research suggests that the organisation of Police Chiefs, police officers, and civilian staff are not fully integrated, and boundaries between these groups are a source of internal, time-consuming discussion, all of which have an impact on the Swedish police service. In sum, organizational culture of the Swedish police service can be understood in terms of its relationships with different sub-cultures and in term of its relationship with the outside world. These features give the service a unique character.

In any country where there are informal settlements, crime prevention and combat is, to a great extent, determined by the availability of reliable information about crime and about the physical environment in which it occurs. Of equal importance in reducing crime is accurate reporting on the behalf of the public and accurate mapping of crime incidences on the part of the police. Informality makes such information gathering, reporting and mapping extremely challenging. Street level geocoding match rates are lower in informal settlements areas compared to formal urban areas, due to the fact that these areas are unplanned without any road networks or proper address points. To determine the success or otherwise of measures taken to control crime in informal settlements, it is necessary for a system to be in operation whereby crime can be geocoded to a specific location. The integration of community local knowledge with Geographic Information Systems can help populate urban-based geospatial databases for informal settlement crime mapping, and a mental mapping exercise can contribute by the identification of landmarks which can be geocoded. The aim of this research was to establish how community understandings and constructions of their local geography can contribute to ‘official’ police crime mapping and, consequently, to the improvement of policing in informal settlements. In order to achieve this research objective, community ‘mind maps’ were explored through focus groups and these were correlated with police geocoding and mapping systems. The aim here was to explore whether and how these systems can work together in dealing more effectively with crime and in enhancing police-community relations in informal settlement areas. A key finding of this research was that, coming together or integration between community generated mapping information and conventional GIS methodologies, has the potential to completely transform the way in which informal settlements crimes are mapped. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

The state of California has one of the largest and most violent gang populations in the United States. Although there have been a variety of anti-gang measures and policies enacted by local and state governments, none have been more effective than the Civil Gang Injunction (CGI). This civil action prohibits certain street gangs, and their members, from participating in activities that would otherwise be considered lawful. In order to obtain an injunction a prosecutor must demonstrate to the court that the gang is engaged in ongoing criminal conduct and represents a public nuisance to a geographically defined area. When a neighborhood is under an injunction, not only is police presence in the area increased but officers are also given more freedom to investigate and apprehend gang members who are suspected to be in violation of the terms. As this thesis will argue, injunctions, when used correctly, have proven to be an effective weapon in diminishing the influence of territorial street gangs on community well-being. When used incorrectly, however, they often only provide a temporary fix to a long-lasting problem. They also have been known to contribute to an increase in crime in neighboring areas, an increased number of wrongful arrests, and in some cases they have promoted criminality amongst young people. To explore the efficacy of injunctions, this thesis will focus on three empirical studies that cover a period from 1993 to 2003, when the rates of gang-related violence were at an all-time high and injunctions became the primary tool for City and District Attorneys to combat the nuisance. Two of these studies argue that injunctions have a positive impact on violent crime statistics, whereas the third concludes that they do not. By comparing these conflicting pieces of quantitative evidence, this thesis aims to gauge the actual effect of injunctions on crime rates and weigh the perceived benefits of this measure against its unintended negative effects.

Since the open door policy, the PRC’s social structure has been deteriorating and its social stratums have been broadening along with the economic development. Comparing to the long-standing social stability before the open door policy, the central CPC has worried about the deteriorating development of social order and crime problems triggered by the redistribution of wealth. The central CPC thought that the Ministry of Public Security could not handle the social order and crime problems with its old system and functions. The problems would have great negative impact on the CPC’s ability of internal control, if the police systems and functions had not been reformed or improved. This study has found that on the basis of the highest guideline of “one center and two basic points,” the progressive reform steps taken by the Ministry of Public Security were as follows. First, it aimed at the reform of police organs and administrative systems. Second, it focused on the reform of police assignments system. Third, it stressed on the reform of grass-roots police and stations. Lastly, it emphasized on the reform of the concept of law enforcement and the quality of the police. To sum up, there were four development shifts on police. The first one was the reform of police organs and administrative duties from 1979 to 1996. The second one was the reform of police assignments system form 1997 to 2002. The third one was the combination of crime control, prevention and crackdown by police stations and community policing from 2003 to 2005. The fourth one was the three-base project from 2006 to 2008. The new Minister, Meng Jen-tzu, took office at the end of 2008 and he addressed “the three-construction” project as the further and sequent fulfillment of the three-base project. The related developments of the three-construction project are still going on. How they shape the functions and roles of the Ministry of Public Security requires sequent observation.

The researcher investigated and identified a municipal policing model for Mangaung Local Municipality. The five municipalities that have established a municipal police services in terms of the South African Police Service Amendment Act, Act 83/1998 were identified. Fifteen members of these municipalities who were involved in the establishment of a municipal police services, were interviewed to acquire First hand information on the process of establishing a municipal police service. The purpose of the study was to explore and therefore it required the research to be a qualitative approach, because the adversities the officials encountered were comprehended. Judgemental sampling was engaged to select participants since it was necessary to describe rather than to generalize and it also relevant to ensure that comparisons on the data collected are recognized. Three out of five municipalities that were investigated converted from traffic departments to municipal police services. Traffic officers of these municipalities undertook a bridging course determined by the National Commissioner of Police and to augment the numbers of the municipal police service members, these municipalities recruited and trained security officers. The Ethekweni municipality converted the then Durban City Police Department and other traffic departments that amalgamated with it to form a municipal police service. Unlike the other municipalities, Cape Town Metro recruited new members and trained them to formed a municipal police service in addition to the existing traffic departments and law enforcement agency. Mangaung Municipality should convert the existing traffic department and follow the route model to establish a municipal police service and augment the number of the municipal police service members by recruiting within the security division. / Criminology and Security Science / M.Tech. (Policing (School of Crtiminal Justice))

Syftet med studien var att beskriva områdespolisers syn på att arbeta nära medborgaren samt om och i så fall hur synen på arbetet skiljde sig mellan områdespoliser i en storstadsregion och en glesbygdsregion. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex områdespoliser, tre från vardera region, fann vi att samtliga intervjudeltagare hade svårt att definiera vad det innebar att arbeta nära medborgaren. De hade även svårt att urskilja vad som var brottsförebyggande och reaktivt i arbetet. En tydlig skillnad mellan områdespolisernas syn på arbetet var att de intervjuade i storstaden fokuserade på individen medan de i glesbygden fokuserade på det lokala samhället. Detta var återkommande skillnader genom hela resultatet. Områdespolisernas arbete förknippades med flera olika utmaningar och möjligheter men samtliga intervjudeltagare såg positivt på att arbeta mot att komma närmare medborgaren och att bli mer brottsförebyggande. / The aim of the study was to describe the views of community police officers towards working close to the citizen and if the views differed between community police officers in a metropolitan area and in a rural region, and if so, how they differed. Through semi structured interviews with six community police officers, three from each region, we found that all interviewees had difficulty defining what it meant to be close to the citizen. They also had difficulty distinguishing what was preventive and reactive in their work. A clear difference between the viewpoints of the work was that interviewees in the metropolitan area focused on the individuals while the interviewees in the rural areas focused on the local society. These were frequent differences throughout the result. The work of the community police officers was associated with a variety of challenges and opportunities, but all interviewees were pleased to work towards getting closer to the citizen and becoming more preventive.