Der Aufsatz „Fürsorgliche Wettkämpfe. Männliche Sozialisation im Feld sorgender Arbeit“ von Alexander Wedel ist ein Beitrag des soziologischen Forschungsfeldes. Diese Studie setzt bei einem Forschungsdefizit an: So thematisiert die Forschung zur männlichen Sozialisation den Vergesellschaftungskontext der Sorge vornehmlich über die Bewältigung verwehrter Erfahrung, nicht jedoch über die Aneignung von Fürsorge in Alltagszusammenhängen – und dies, obgleich die zunehmende Integration in sorgende – geschlechterstereotyp invers semantisierte – Arbeit die betroffenen Männer mit der Kommodifizierung körperlicher Intimität wie auch mit geschlechtsbezogener Ungleichheit auf dem Arbeitsmarkt konfrontiert. Der Artikel verfolgt zwei Ziele: zum einen ʻMännlichkeit‘ und Sozialisationsforschung auf theoretisch-methodischer Ebene zu verbinden und zum anderen, anhand individueller sinnstiftender biographischer Erzählungen von jungen Zivildienstleistenden, die typische Sozialisationserfahrung ʻfürsorglicher Wettkämpfe‘ von jungen Männern in sorgender Arbeit nachzuzeichnen. Dabei wird, am exemplarischen Einzelfall, ein typischer Modus der biografischen Erfahrungsverarbeitung und Selbstpräsentation junger Männer rekonstruiert. Die Analyse zeigt, wie sie wechselseitige Angewiesenheit kompetitiv rahmen, in den eigenen männlichen Selbstentwurf integrieren und so die kulturell stereotype Assoziation zwischen Fürsorge und Weiblichkeit subjektiv auflösen. Dieser Befund wird abschließend sozialisationstheoretisch diskutiert und auf den Zusammenhang von Männlichkeit, Care und Professionalität bezogen.

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Ein zentrales Problem dieser Studie bestand darin, zu verstehen, was Universitäten veranlasst, sich an der Umgestaltung von Gemeinschaften und sich selbst zu beteiligen, wenn sie die traditionellen Missionen der Bildung neu gestalten. Durch eine bewusste Auswahl wurden drei Universitäten ausgewählt, um Daten zu sammeln und die Forschungsfragen zu beantworten. Die Daten wurden aus öffentlich zugänglichen Online-Berichten abgerufen, die jede Institution auf ihren eigenen Webseiten veröffentlichte. Über tausend Seiten der drei Institutionen wurden mithilfe einer Diskursanalyse (DA) analysiert. Die Dokumente stellten die offizielle Bestätigung des aufkommenden Trends dar. Die Analyse der institutionellen Diskurse zeigte Muster auf, die relevant waren, um die Institutionalisierung des Engagements an den drei Universitäten zu erklären. Sie folgten einem konsequenten Weg der internen Überarbeitung dessen, was sie taten, als tiefes Hinterfragen früherer institutionalisierter Praktiken und Diskurse, die sie zu Veränderungen führten. Dann erfolgte die Institutionalisierung von Diskursen in Form von Zentren für Zivildienst, strategische Planung, Service-Lernen, bürgerliches Leben, neue Klassen, herausfordernde Vorträge, um das Engagement zu fördern. Die Studie war in der Lage, einige der grundlegenden Mechanismen der sozialen Sprache zu identifizieren, die verwendet werden, um Institutionen innerhalb von Institutionen zu schaffen, wie z. B. das Engagement in der Gemeinschaft. Die Forschung lieferte Daten zur Unterstützung der theoretischen Annahme, dass Sprache durch eine Vielzahl möglicher Textkonfigurationen Diskurse erzeugt, die gleichzeitig soziale Handlungen wie Institutionalisierung hervorrufen. Diese Prozesse offenbarten, wie Engagement generiert wurde. / A central problem to this study was to understand what prompts universities to participate in transforming communities and themselves as they reshape the traditional missions of education. Using a purposely selection, three universities were chosen to collect data and answer the research questions. The data was retrieved from public available online reports that each institution posted on their own webpages. Over a thousand pages from the three institutions were analyzed, using a Discourse Analysis (DA). The documents represented the official endorsement to the emerging trend. The analysis of institutional discourses presented patterns that were relevant to explain the institutionalization of engagement in the three universities. They followed a consistent path of internal revisions of what they were doing, as deep questioning of previous institutionalized practices, and discourses, that led them to changes. Then, the institutionalization of discourses occurred in the forms of centers for community service, strategic planning, service-learning, civic life, new classes, challenging lectures, among others, to promote engagement. The study was able to identify some of the basic mechanisms social language used to create institutions, within institutions, like community engagement. The research provided data to support the theoretical assumption that language, through a host of possible configurations of texts generates discourses that, at the same time, engender social actions such as institutionalization. Those processes disclosed how engagement was generated.

The World Prison Brief Walmsley (2001:2) reveals that there are 8,7 million people held in penal institutions throughout the world, either as pre-trial detainees or having been convicted and sentenced. Although the rising prison population in South Africa is of great concern, it is certainly not just a South African problem, but an international phenomenon. Prison overcrowding and the resultant financial and human rights problems related to this phenomenon, remain one of the paramount concerns of both developed and developing countries. Overcrowding of prisons negates the rehabilitation of offenders, undermines human dignity in correctional facilities and renders the safety and security of offenders and the community vulnerable. Another problem facing the Department of Correctional Services is the control of communicable diseases and viruses, particularly HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis. The problem of overcrowding facilitates the easy spread of communicable diseases among inmates. Imprisonment as a sanction remains a reality. Providing alternatives to imprisonment, for example, community based-sanctions, does however ensure that a significant number of offenders can be dealt with in a more balanced manner. Alternative sanctions to incarceration can be more successful, less costly to the state, have fewer negative implications and will lighten the load for the criminal justice system, hence reducing overcrowding. In order to reduce the overcrowding in prisons there has to be a reduction in the number of both awaiting-trial and sentenced prisoners. Reducing the inflow of offenders from the courts to the prisons and trying to get minor offenders in prison to be released should accomplish this. Courts and magistrates must break away from centuries of reliance on imprisonment as punishment. If more people show interest in the human rights of incarcerated prisoners, then further effort will be placed on resolving the overpopulation problem facing the Department of Correctional Services. / Criminology / (D. Litt et Phil.(Penology))

Incarceration of offenders has been relied upon as the dominant sentence option through the years to address the objectives of punishment. Research has shown that the above-mentioned approach does not match the current lifestyle anymore. Correctional centres (prisons) not only in South Africa, but across the board are faced with the same challenge. This is of course not a problem of the Department of Correctional Services alone, but that of the entire justice system. It is therefore obligatory for Justice to join hands with society in accordance with the White Paper on Corrections in South Africa (2005:63-68). Playing a major role in all above-mentioned bodies is Parliament, without which the whole justice system would not exist, let alone functioning. The victims of crime would most probably not condone any soft approach towards treating offenders, worse with alleviating overpopulation by releasing inmates from correctional centres. It is the researcher's submission that the effects of overpopulation coupled with inmate's human rights, as entrenched in the Constitution becomes the major driving force to address overcrowding in our correctional centres. / Penelogy / (M.A. (Penelogy))

The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of male community service officers during midwifery clinical training. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used in order to achieve the study objectives. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Data analysis elucidated analogous themes and categories which translated into the overall experiences of the participants. The study found that whilst the experience was described as beneficial, there were overwhelming challenges in providing intimate care to female clients, dealing with ethno-cultural aspects, meeting clinical practice requirements and the right to choose to be part of midwifery clinical training. Recommendations to nurse educators, clinical midwives and midwifery clinical supervisors with regard to better support for male nurses during midwifery clinical training emanated from the study findings / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Misconduct, antisocial and offending (criminal) behaviour is becoming a problem in South African schools and maintaining discipline in schools is facing many challenges. Current practices do not solve disciplinary challenges. This study reflects upon the discipline system in South African schools as well as risk factors playing a role in possible offences, by means of a case study. An enormous number of learners are still experiencing difficulties concerning their education because of their disadvantaged position in South Africa. In cases where there are disruptions of the learning process due to ill-discipline and antisocial behaviour, it leads to unsuccessful education in a country where there are already obstacles underlying the foundation of the education system. It is important to have an effective disciplinary system implemented in schools. The discipline system in South African schools, currently, views a learner as an offender, when behaviour is such that it is against the school’s rules. The focus is then on proving the offender guilty and then punishing him/her in order to proof that responsibility is taken by the school for his/her actions. The learner punished, in some cases rebel and this leads to further divergent behaviour. In the current school discipline system, the victim plays no role in the process and the changes needed in the discipline process should include the victim. The discipline process should move from a punitive to a restorative system. In a restorative discipline system, intervention plays an important role. The study also places focus on identifying possible risk behaviour at an early age and explored risk factors that may play a role in the management of discipline related concerns and conduct. This process plays a significant role in the intervention process, as learners can be identified and counselled before offending behaviour takes place or intervention can take place the moment that the learner is involved in deviant behaviour. Dynamic risk factors, for example antisocial friends, antisocial behaviour and lack of respect for authority can be addressed through restorative rather than punitive intervention. This study was also directed to develop a South African theoretical framework to be used by schools and the Department of Education, as an alternative to the current punitive system through the application of restorative practices as a support to troubled learners. / Criminal and Procedural Law

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Miyagui.pdf: 1358350 bytes, checksum: cb08066dcd9d13a216a0cc8713b99aec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The interest in this theme emerges from the researcher s experience in guided works with adolescents rendering community services as a socio-educational measure. The aim of this study is to investigate the significances and meanings given by adolescents to the community services measure, considering that their points of view have played a more and more important role in the actions which give visibility to this theme. The research was made with two adolescents, from two different institutions, responsible for rendering community service as a socio-educational measure, in the countryside of Paraná. The objective is to discuss, from these adolescents points of view, the following factors: their experiences; the meaning of the measure; how they understand it in what it is concerned with infractions; their perception of the context in which they are inserted. For this, the study follows the Sociohistorical Psychology theory, the qualitative approach methodology and the construction of significance poles for the understanding of the constitution of the meaning-significances investigated in the interviews. In the first interview, the interpretative processes produced three significance poles: The socio-educational measure of rendering community services as redemptive and educational; The social relations in the resignificance process and The fear of being judged by others: the perception of oneself. In the second interview, there are two significance poles: The affective mediation in the act of rendering community services as a socio-educational measure and The socio-educational measure of rendering community services as a shelter for one s problems. It becomes evident that giving voice to adolescents may represent a concrete and practical possibility of building up new social relations. The category of adolescents in conflict with the law has significance only when seen from its relation with the social practices expressed by the different agents of public policy offered to this populations, in the confront between adolescents and professionals interpretations of their insertion in projects and social programs / O interesse pelo tema surgiu da experiência da pesquisadora em trabalhos direcionado a adolescentes em cumprimento da medida socioeducativa de Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade PSC. A questão mediadora deste estudo é investigar os significados e sentidos que os adolescentes atribuem à medida de Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade PSC, considerando que seus pontos de vista têm exercido um papel cada vez mais importante nas ações que dão visibilidade a este tema. A pesquisa foi realizada com dois adolescentes de instituições diferentes, responsáveis pela execução da medida de prestação de serviços à comunidade, no interior do Paraná. Visa a discutir, a partir do ponto de vista dos jovens, os seguintes aspectos: as vivências e o significado da medida; como eles a compreendem nas questões relacionadas ao ato infracional; a percepção que têm em relação ao contexto no qual estão inseridos. Para tanto, seguem como pressupostos teóricos a Psicologia Sócio-Histórica, a metodologia de abordagem qualitativa e a construção de núcleos de significação para a apreensão da constituição dos sentidos-significados investigados nas entrevistas. Na primeira entrevista, os processos interpretativos produziram três núcleos de significação: A medida socioeducativa de prestação de serviços à comunidade como redentora e educativa; As relações sociais no processo de ressignificações e O medo de ser julgada: uma nova percepção de si. Na segunda entrevista, foram elaborados dois núcleos de significação: A mediação afetiva no cumprimento da medida socioeducativa de prestação de serviços à comunidade e A medida socioeducativa de prestação de serviços à comunidade como facilitadora das relações sociais. Fica evidente, assim, que dar voz aos adolescentes pode representar uma possibilidade concreta e prática de construção de novas relações sociais. A categoria adolescente em conflito com a lei somente terá sentido a partir de suas relações com as práticas sociais expressas pelos diferentes agentes das políticas públicas dirigidas a essa população, no confronto com as interpretações que os próprios adolescentes e profissionais têm de sua inserção em projetos e programas sociais