- About
-
The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is
provided by the
Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
Search results
Showing 51 to 58 of 58 (0.031 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"barbon taxa"" "subject:"garbon taxa""
| 51 |
綠色物流專案之淨現值：太陽能板安裝之個案研究 / Net present value for green logistics projects: a case study on solar panels installation林文龍, Pla, Adrien Unknown Date (has links)
The gravity of the Global Warming consequences force us to face the issue and try the best to mitigate its effects. Green Logistics practices, and especially the case of a Solar Panels Installation on a warehouse or plant’s roof, are studied in this article as solutions to reduce the economic, social and environmental casualties. The Net Present Value (NPV) Model in this paper and its results analysis show that project duration, Carbon Tax, initial energy price and its increasing rate are all positively related to the NPV Value. A high discount rate will, however, turn the NPV negative, thus raising the need of financing help for Green Logistics projects.
|
| 52 |
Energy Policies and Directed Technical Change : How Governments Incentivize Firms to Invests in Renewable Energy innovation / Energipolitik och riktad teknologisk utveckling : Hur Regeringar ger incitament till företag att investera i förnyelsebar energi-innovationRoberts, Christopher January 2019 (has links)
Policies are regarded as the most important instrument in redirecting invention Policies are regarded as the most important instrument in redirecting invention investments away from fossil fuel technologies towards renewable energy technologies. Despite the importance and urgency in decarbonizing the economy, the literature on how different energy policies effect the development of renewable energy technologies is relatively scarce. A difficulty has been in justifying the operationalizing of policies in as both valid and reliable. This thesis tackles the operationalization difficulty and produces empirical evidence in how effective various policies are in incentivizing the development of renewable energy technologies (RET). The main findings are that government R&D expenditure increases firm innovation across all RET, demand-pull policies either increase the likelihood of firm inventions or has an insignificant effect and carbon taxation does not increase the likelihood of RET invention. / Politiska instrument är ansedda som de medel som kan ha störst inverkan att omdirigera innovation investeringar från fossila till förnyelsebara energier. Trots det angelägna och brådskande i att ekonomin blir fossilt oberoende finns det relativt lite litteratur på hur olika energipolitiska medel har för effekt på den tekniska utvecklingen av förnyelsebara energier. En svårighet har varit att berättiga operativiseringen av politiken vilken är både valid och tillförlitligt. Denna uppsats angriper svårigheten av att operativisera poliska instrument och producerar empiriska underlag för hur effektiva olika politiska medel är i att ge incitament till för att utveckla förnyelsebara energier (FE). De frästa resultaten är att statlig forskning och utveckling ökar sannolikheten att företags innovation inom alla FE, efterfråge-stimulerings politik antingen ökar eller har ingen påverkan på FE innovation och att koldioxidbeskattning inte ökar innovation inom FE.
|
| 53 |
The Ethics of Carbon PricingTank, Lukas 12 April 2022 (has links)
Die Bepreisung von Treibhausgasemissionen ist eine der am intensivsten diskutierten Strategien zur Mitigation des menschengemachten Klimawandels. Eine CO2-Steuer oder ein Emissionshandel nach dem „Cap and Trade“-Prinzip sind die prominentesten Vorschläge und stehen auch im Zentrum dieser Dissertation. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, näher zu beleuchten, was aus moralischer Sicht für und gegen die Bepreisung von Treibhausgasen spricht. Zu diesem Zweck werden in drei Kapiteln Argumente für die Bepreisung von Treibhausgasen untersucht und in drei weiteren Kapiteln Argumente gegen die Bepreisung von Treibhausgasen diskutiert. Hierbei baue ich auf der existierenden philosophischen Literatur zum Thema auf; bringe jedoch auch neue Argumente in die Debatte ein. Ich komme zu einem gemischten Fazit. Manche Argumente für die Bepreisung von Treibhausgasemissionen halten einer genaueren philosophischen Betrachtung nicht stand (Effizienz, Ausmaß der Freiheitseinschränkungen), aber auch nicht alle Argumente gegen die Bepreisung überzeugen (Kommodifizierung). Auf der anderen Seite ist festzuhalten, dass ein Argument für die Bepreisung schlüssig scheint (Effektivität) und zwei kritische Argumente zumindest in Teilen überzeugen (mangelnde Fairness, Auswirkung auf intrinsische Motivation). Die Dissertation soll wichtige Erkenntnisse für das aus moralischer Sicht optimale Design eines Preises auf Treibhausgasemissionen liefern. Eine endgültige Antwort auf die Frage, ob wir den Weg der Bepreisung von Treibhausgasemissionen relevanten Alternativen vorziehen sollten, kann nur nach einer interdisziplinären Debatte gegeben werden. Zu dieser soll die vorliegende Dissertation ein Beitrag sein. / Pricing greenhouse gas emissions is one of the most intensely discussed strategies to mitigate climate change. Implementing a carbon tax or a ‚cap and trade‘ emissions trading scheme are the two most prominent proposals and the ones that this doctoral thesis focuses upon. Its goal is to contribute to a better understanding of the moral reasons that speak for or against carbon pricing. The first three chapters deal with moral arguments in favor of carbon pricing and the last three chapters with moral arguments against carbon pricing. In doing so, I build on the existing literature, but also develop new arguments. Some of the arguments in favor of carbon pricing turn out to be unconvincing (Least Cost Argument, Liberty Argument), but the same is true for one argument against carbon pricing (Commodification Argument). One of the arguments in favor of carbon pricing proves to be sound (Effectiveness Argument), while two of the arguments against it have at least some credibility (Solidarity Objection, Carbon Pricing and Motivation). This doctoral thesis aims to provide some insights into how to price carbon, but a final answer to the question of whether we should price carbon can only be given after an interdisciplinary debate to which this work of moral philosophy is but one contribution.
|
| 54 |
Ecological taxation and South Africa's agricultural sector : international developments and local implicationsWestraadt, Petrus 02 1900 (has links)
The study focussed on the research question namely: “How will the introduction of new ecological
taxes impact the South African agricultural sector?” To answer the question, eight international
eco-taxes were selected and further investigated. The nature and history of each eco-tax was
examined. The effects or expected effects (where implementation have not yet taken place) of
the eco-taxes on the agricultural sectors of the foreign countries, were then considered. The
study continued by considering the possible impact on South African agriculture, should these
taxes be implemented in South Africa. This was accomplished by extrapolating the foreign effects
previously investigated. Mindful of findings, recommendations were then made of what eco-taxes
could be implemented which will not impede South African agriculture. It was concluded that the
British Climate Change Levy and Climate Change Agreement scheme, Australian Carbon
Farming Initiative and Swedish meat consumption tax could be considered for implementation. / Financial Accounting / M. Phil (Accounting Science)
|
| 55 |
Intergrating environmental risk into bank credit processess : The south African banking contextBimha, Alfred 09 1900 (has links)
The impact of climate change on the financial performance of companies is of concern
to bank credit processes. The main objective of this research was to develop a South
African contextualised credit process that incorporates environmental risk. The
research methodology comprised of a mixed-method being content analysis – the
qualitative portion and the Probability of Default prediction using a Merton Model and
the Hoffmann and Busch (2008) carbon risk analysis model - the quantitative portion.
A content analysis of the banks’ Annual Reports, Integrated Reports and
Sustainability Reports showed that, while South African banks follow a qualitative
approach to embedding environmental risk into their credit process, none of the four
banks that formed part of the study divulged their quantitative approach to embedding
environmental risk. The study used a proximity matrix method to examine the level of
embedding.
The second part of the study, which used prior studies as the benchmark, adopted the
following: (1) a simulated carbon tax regime as a proxy for an environmental risk, and
(2) the Hoffmann and Busch (2008) carbon risk analysis tool and the Merton Model
(1974) as the bank credit process proxies. The second part of the study used a sample
of 33 JSE-listed Carbon Disclosure Project reporting companies out of a population of
107.
The carbon risk analysis showed that the companies in the materials and energy
sector have a high carbon risk. However, the results from the Merton Model showed
that the companies have enough profit to cushion the additional carbon tax liability,
given the insignificant shift in probability of default between the three scenarios, where
financial data had (1) no carbon tax, (2) was adjusted for a carbon tax with incentives,
and (3) adjusted for carbon tax without incentives.
Triangulation of the results from the content analysis, carbon risk analysis and the
probability of default analysis confirms that South African banks do not fully integrate
environmental risk across the credit value chain or process in the 2010 to 2017 period.
However, the carbon risk analysis shows a heavy dependency on carbon sources for
critical inputs into the South African companies’ production processes, which if not
checked, will affect the credit portfolios of banks. / Finance, Risk Management and Banking / D. Phil (Management Studies)
|
| 56 |
Polarisation de l'opinion publique canadienne sur la question climatique : portrait de la dernière décennieDufour, Caroline 06 1900 (has links)
La littérature en science politique sur les changements climatiques identifie les clivages au sein de l’opinion publique comme contribuant à l’inaction des politiques sur la question climatique. Comprendre l’ampleur de cette polarisation et les axes sur lesquels elle se décline est une première étape essentielle pour adresser cette polarisation. Ce mémoire cherche à décrire comment se décline l’évolution de la polarisation de l’opinion publique au Canada autour des changements climatiques et comment elle a évolué pendant la dernière décennie. La revue de littérature identifie trois principaux axes de polarisation autour de la question climatique au Canada : le soutien pour un parti politique, l’idéologie politique et la région. Les données utilisées sont tirées d’une série de sondages menés tous les ans entre 2011 et 2021 à travers le Canada par le professeur Erick Lachapelle. Trois mesures de l’opinion sur la question climatique sont utilisées pour observer la polarisation : la croyance aux changements climatiques et en ses causes anthropogéniques, la perception d’une menace et le soutien pour une taxe carbone. L’analyse des résultats combine des analyses descriptives et des régressions linéaires multivariées. Ces analyses montrent une polarisation principalement partisane et idéologique, mais également régionale, qui oppose les provinces pétrolières au reste du Canada. L’opinion publique s’est de plus en plus polarisée pendant la dernière décennie, mais principalement autour du débat sur la taxe carbone. De plus, la polarisation partisane était particulièrement marquée lorsque les changements climatiques étaient saillants dans les débats politiques lors des élections fédérales de 2015 et 2019. / The political science literature on climate change identifies public opinion polarisation as significantly contributing to policy inaction on the climate issue. Understanding the extent of this polarization and the axes along which it occurs is an essential first step in addressing it. This paper seeks to describe how the polarization of public opinion in Canada around climate change has evolved over the past decade. The literature review identifies three main axes of polarization on the climate issue in Canada: support for a political party, political ideology and region. The data used is drawn from a series of surveys conducted annually between 2011 and 2021 across Canada by Professor Erick Lachapelle. Three measures of opinion on the climate issue are used to observe polarization: belief in climate change and its anthropogenic causes, threat perception and support for a carbon tax. The analysis of the results combines descriptive analyses and multivariate linear regressions. These analyses show a mainly partisan and ideological polarization, but also a regional polarization, which pits the oil-producing provinces against the rest of Canada. Public opinion has become increasingly polarized over the past decade, but mainly around the carbon tax debate. Moreover, partisan polarization was particularly pronounced when climate change is salient in the political debate during the 2015 and 2019 federal elections.
|
| 57 |
The carbon tax as a market-based enforcement mechanism to ensure compliance with environmental law and address pollutionVan der Merwe, Timothy David 04 December 2018 (has links)
This study emanates from the worldwide issue of climate change, as well as the need for all nations to make an effort to reduce their carbon emissions and move towards greener economies. It delves into South Africa's current command-and-control environmental enforcement regime and highlights the pitfalls that allow major air polluters to avoid sanction of any form in many instances. This poor environmental enforcement and compliance effectively means that South Africa is unlikely to be capable of meeting targets set under international agreements. The study confirms that environmental enforcement is inadequately addressed in South Africa. This is attributable to the inherent shortcomings of command-and-control approaches, including that they are inflexible and offer few incentives for firms to modify behaviour to reduce emissions. Poor enforcement of environmental legislation results in negative externalities caused by air pollution being borne by people who did not create such pollution. The study therefore advocates the use of market-based mechanisms as an alternative to traditional command-and-control approaches to environmental enforcement.
In light of the South African government's recent publication of the Draft Carbon Tax Bill, carbon taxes as a subset of market-based environmental enforcement mechanisms have the potential to better enforce the polluter pays principle. Mexico, arguably the most forward-thinking developing nation in terms of climate change mitigation, has taken numerous steps towards meeting international commitments, including the implementation of a carbon tax. While South Africa's proposed carbon tax does differ from Mexico's in some respects, the basic premise remains the same and some comparisons can be made in this regard, with accompanying lessons to be learned. Such lessons include that it is imperative that the carbon tax must be set at a high enough rate to meet international commitments whilst at the same time avoiding adverse economic effects, maintaining social welfare and stabilising economic output levels. The proposed carbon tax, while unable to achieve this on its own, is a good place to start and should be utilised in conjunction with the Draft Climate Change Bill to effectively and efficaciously bring about the required change. The proposed carbon tax undoubtedly has the potential to better hold major air polluters responsible for their CO2 and other GHG emissions. / Private Law / LL. M.
|
| 58 |
Les Etats et la protection internationale de l'environnement : la question du changement climatique. / States and the international environmental protection : the climate change issue.Ouro-Bodi, Ouro-Gnaou 24 November 2014 (has links)
Le changement climatique est devenu aujourd’hui le fléau environnemental qui préoccupe etmobilise le plus la communauté internationale. L’aboutissement de cette mobilisation générale reste sansdoute la mise en place du régime international de lutte contre le changement climatique dont la Conventioncadredes Nations Unies sur le changement climatique et le Protocole de Kyoto constituent les basesjuridiques. Ce régime innove en ce qu’il fixe des engagements quantifiés de réduction des émissions de gaz àeffet de serre pour les États pollueurs, mais aussi en ce qu’il instaure des mécanismes dits de « flexibilité »dont la mise en oeuvre est assortie d’un contrôle original basé sur un Comité dit de « l’observance ». Mais, endépit de toute cette production normative, il est regrettable de constater aujourd’hui que le régimeinternational du climat est un véritable échec. En effet, si la mobilisation des États ne fait aucun doute, enrevanche, les mêmes États qui ont volontairement accepté de s’engager refusent délibérément d’honorer leursengagements pour des raisons essentiellement politiques, économiques et stratégiques. Ce travail ambitionnedonc de lever le voile sur les causes de cet échec en dressant un bilan mitigé de la première périoded’engagement de Kyoto qui a pris fin en 2012, et propose des perspectives pour un régime juridique duclimat post-Kyoto efficient et efficace, en mesure d’être à la hauteur des enjeux. / Climate change has become the scourge environmental concern and mobilizes more theinternational community. The outcome of this mobilization remains probably the implementation ofinternational climate change regime for which the Climate Convention and the Kyoto Protocol are the legalbases. This system is innovative in that it sets quantified emission reduction commitments for greenhouse gasemissions (GHG) for polluters States, but also in that it establishes mechanisms known as of “flexibility”whose implementation is accompanied by a control based on a Committee known as of “compliance”. Butdespite all this normative production, it is regrettable that today the international climate regime is a realfailure. Indeed, if the mobilization of states is no doubt, however, the same states that have voluntarily agreedto engage deliberately refuse to honour their commitments for essentially political, economic and strategicreasons. This work therefore aims to shed light on the causes of this failure by developing a mixed record ofthe first Kyoto commitment ended period in 2012, and offers prospects for a legal regime of the post-Kyotoclimate and efficient, able to be up to the challenges.
|
Page generated in 0.037 seconds