Cette thèse est une recherche des moyens de formuler une éthique des identités culturelles appropriée aux sociétés multiculturelles dans le monde diversifié du présent. Elle prend appui sur l’appareil conceptuel du philosophe Charles Taylor, principalement sur sa conception de l’identité du moi, dialogique et enchâssée dans des cadres de signification historico-culturels. Une exploration des diverses identités culturelles qui s’expriment dans le monde à l’âge séculier nous montre la pertinence de la question de la reconnaissance des cultures et de la nécessité d’approfondir des méthodes de compréhension de l’autre, inspirées, dans le cas de Taylor, de l’herméneutique gadamérienne. Pour cela, une mise à distance de l’ethnocentrisme et une volonté d’ouverture à la différence culturelle, semblent indispensables. L’application pratique que déploie dans ses travaux la Commission des accommodements culturels du Québec montre que cela est possible et constitue peut-être une voie d’avenir pour des sociétés démocratiques où la différence culturelle pourrait être vécue d’une façon apaisée, posant les bases d’une éthique des identités culturelles. / This thesis is a research into the means of formulating an ethical theory of cultural identities adapted to multicultural societies in the present diversified world. It is based on philosopher Charles Taylor’s conceptual device, mainly on his conception of the identity of Self, dialogical and embedded in the framework of historical-cultural significance.. An exploration of different cultural identities expressed in a world of secular age, shows us the pertinence of the question on the recognition of cultures and on the necessity of going further into the methods to understand the other, inspired, as in the case of Taylor, by the Gadamerian hermeneutics. And for this, the distancing of ethnocentrism and a willingness to be open to the cultural difference seem indispensable. The practical application deployed in its efforts by the Commission of cultural accommodations in Quebec shows that this is possible and constitutes, perhaps, a way in future for some democratic societies where cultural differences could be lived peacefully, by laying a basis for an ethics of cultural identities.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-28T13:36:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Müller Corrêa_.pdf: 755508 bytes, checksum: eda0d5e301a9f6a075d97d926878471e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T13:36:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Müller Corrêa_.pdf: 755508 bytes, checksum: eda0d5e301a9f6a075d97d926878471e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Dans les sociétés démocratiques libérales de l'Occident, caractérisé par le multiculturalisme et le fait du pluralisme moral, étant donné le flux migratoire intense et la montée des mouvements sociaux, surgissent des demandes de reconnaissance des identités. Donc, un défi se pose pour l'Etat libéral fondé par la notion de neutralité et d'universalité des droits individuels. Ainsi, dans cette thèse on vise à analyser la politique de la reconnaissance du philosophe canadien Charles Taylor et leurs implications sur le contexte multiculturel des sociétés démocratiques libérales, dans le sens de trancher le problème de savoir si le libéralisme serait capable de résoudre les enjeux des demandes de reconnaissance, en fournissant un modèle démocratie viable. Le travail a été élaboré à partir de l'étude du texte «La politique de reconnaissance», publiée par Taylor en 1992, des textes antérieurs dans lesquels Taylor aborde la question de l'identité, et les textes plus tard sur le multiculturalisme, la démocratie et la sécularisation. Ainsi, dans la première partie, considérant le lien entre identité et reconnaissance dans la philosophie de Taylor, on étudie sa conception sur la construction de l'identité moderne, de son approche théorique, mettant l'accent sur le concept de «évaluation forte» et le concept de l'homme comme animal auto-interprétatif et la perte de sens dans la modernité. Dans la deuxième partie on analyse les défis du multiculturalisme dans les sociétés libérales, avec la problématisation du besoin de la reconnaissance comme la réalisation de soi, la question de la neutralité de l'Etat et, enfin, le dilemme démocratique de l'exclusion et l'importance de redéfinition de l'identité politique. Il en résulte donc que le libéralisme qui favorise la neutralité de l'État est le meilleur modèle politique, car il permet l'inclusion des différences à la fois qu'il préserve les valeurs constitutives des sociétés démocratiques pluralistes. / Nas sociedades liberal-democráticas do Ocidente, caracterizadas pelo multiculturalismo e pelo fato do pluralismo moral, haja vista o intenso fluxo migratório e a ascensão dos movimentos sociais, surgem demandas por reconhecimento de identidades. Dessa forma, um grande desafio surge para o Estado Liberal fundado pela noção de neutralidade e universalidade dos direitos individuais. Assim, nesta dissertação pretende-se analisar a política do reconhecimento do filósofo canadense Charles Taylor e suas implicações diante do contexto multicultural das sociedades liberal-democráticas, enfrentando o problema de se o liberalismo seria capaz de lidar com as demandas por reconhecimento, promovendo um modelo viável de democracia. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir do estudo do texto “A política do reconhecimento”, publicado por Taylor em 1992, de textos anteriores em que Taylor aborda a questão sobre a identidade, e de textos posteriores sobre multiculturalismo, democracia e secularização. Portanto, na primeira parte, haja vista o vínculo entre identidade e reconhecimento na filosofia de Taylor, estuda-se a sua concepção sobre a construção da identidade moderna, a partir de sua abordagem teorética, destacando-se o conceito de “avaliação forte”, bem como a noção do ser humano como animal autointerpretativo e a perda de significado na modernidade. Já na segunda parte analisa-se os desafios do multiculturalismo nas sociedades liberais, com a problematização da necessidade de reconhecimento como autorrealização, a questão sobre a neutralidade do Estado e, por fim, o dilema democrático da exclusão e a importância da redefinição da identidade política. Conclui-se, então, que o liberalismo que promove a neutralidade do Estado é o melhor modelo político, pois permite a inclusão das diferenças ao mesmo tempo em que preserva os valores constitutivos das sociedades democráticas plurais.

Mary Szybist's 2013 collection, Incarnadine, uses the Annunciation as a foundational narrative through which to examine the implications of faith and having a relationship with God. Transforming this pivotal Biblical event through metaphor, intertextuality, and different points of view, Szybist showcases what Charles Taylor terms "fragilization" of faith, or the contestable and dubious position of believing among plurality of belief and nonbelief. By repeatedly shifting the framing of the Annunciation, Szybist creates several different visions of who God is. Rather than reinterpreting the Annunciation with a new dictum on exactly who God is and what it means to believe in Him, she plays with her own definition of God, allowing readers to do the same, and thus work through "fragilization" and find a faith that fits them.

Philosophers who show interest in authenticity tend to narrowly focus on its capacity to help people evade conformity and affirm individuality, a simplistic reduction that neglects authenticity’s moral potential and gives credence to the many critics who dismiss it as a euphemism for excessive individualism. Yet when conceived ethically, authenticity can also allow for worthy human flourishing without falling prey to conformity’s opposite extreme—egoism. This thesis proposes a relational conception of authenticity that can help prevent the often destructive excess of egoism while also offsetting the undesirable deficiency of heteronomy, concertedly moving agents towards socially responsible living. It demonstrates how authenticity necessarily has ethical dimensions when rooted in existentialist and dialogical frameworks. It also defines egoism as a form of self-deception rooted in flawed logic that cannot be considered “authentic” by relational standards. Relational authenticity recognizes the interpersonal relationships and social engagements that imbue meaning into agents’ lives, fostering a balance between personal ambitions and social obligations, and enabling more consistently moral lifestyles.

This thesis offers a comparison, which rarely, if ever, has been made between Isaiah Berlin and Charles Taylors account of the ideas of Johann Gottfried Herder on the relationship of language, culture and nationality. It argues that Berlin misrepresents Herders ideas in emphasizing the extent to which differences in language and culture necessarily result in ethnic and national conflicts between incompatible cultural worldviews, while Taylor does correctly understand that Herder sees no reason for why such conflict between cultural entities should be inevitable either within a single state or between states. The thesis concludes by offering reasons for why Herder, properly understood, allows us to be optimistic about the future of both intrastate and interstate relationships among diverse cultural groups.

This thesis offers a comparison, which rarely, if ever, has been made between Isaiah Berlin and Charles Taylors account of the ideas of Johann Gottfried Herder on the relationship of language, culture and nationality. It argues that Berlin misrepresents Herders ideas in emphasizing the extent to which differences in language and culture necessarily result in ethnic and national conflicts between incompatible cultural worldviews, while Taylor does correctly understand that Herder sees no reason for why such conflict between cultural entities should be inevitable either within a single state or between states. The thesis concludes by offering reasons for why Herder, properly understood, allows us to be optimistic about the future of both intrastate and interstate relationships among diverse cultural groups.

Philosophers who show interest in authenticity tend to narrowly focus on its capacity to help people evade conformity and affirm individuality, a simplistic reduction that neglects authenticity’s moral potential and gives credence to the many critics who dismiss it as a euphemism for excessive individualism. Yet when conceived ethically, authenticity can also allow for worthy human flourishing without falling prey to conformity’s opposite extreme—egoism. This thesis proposes a relational conception of authenticity that can help prevent the often destructive excess of egoism while also offsetting the undesirable deficiency of heteronomy, concertedly moving agents towards socially responsible living. It demonstrates how authenticity necessarily has ethical dimensions when rooted in existentialist and dialogical frameworks. It also defines egoism as a form of self-deception rooted in flawed logic that cannot be considered “authentic” by relational standards. Relational authenticity recognizes the interpersonal relationships and social engagements that imbue meaning into agents’ lives, fostering a balance between personal ambitions and social obligations, and enabling more consistently moral lifestyles.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the often-ignored inherent philosophical connection between Charles Taylor¡¦s ontological argument (philosophical anthropology) and his political scheme. Taylor articulates a moral realist understanding of the plurality of values and an ontological statement of human agency, and tries to demostrate a possibility of reconciliation between essentially conflicting values and cultures. In Taylor¡¦s view, ¡§the many¡¨ does not necessarily entail tragical choices among values, as Isaiah Berlin famously asserted, but can be possibly mediated through the common human agency with the hope that we can eventually reach one true consensus. Based on this uniquely Taylorian understanding of human condition, Taylor¡¦s political scheme can be seen as an effort to ameliorate the deep-rooted malaise within Western modernity, and find a common ontological ground among community members and citizens by which deliberations can be facilitated. The thesis will go on to examine Taylor¡¦s two most inspiring political assertions, namely, the polilics of recognition and civic humanism, in detail. I will argue that although Taylor optimistically believes that a common moral and cultural understanding can help forming and be transformed into a common political common good within a given community, the connection between these two levels of commonality is fairly weak. Moreover, what liberals object is precisely Taylor¡¦s attempt to equate cultural common understanding with a form of political common good.

Uppsatsen utgår ifrån att religionsfrihet är en mänsklig rättighet som håller på att få allt mer internationell uppmärksamhet på grund av dess roll i ett demokratiskt samhälle. Genom att ingående beskriva de faktorer som påverkar religionsfrihet och se in på hur religionsfrihet förstås och behandlas ur en statlig synvinkel kan en rimlig förståelse skapas av religionsfrihet för Norden. Syftet med uppsatsen är att öka kunskapen om religionsfrihet för att en nordisk stat bättre ska kunna ta sig an morgondagens utmaningar i form av framförallt ett mera mångkulturellt samhälle. Den nordiska kontexten, en sekulär statsmodell samt en godtagbar religionsfrihetsmodell för framtiden är alla centrala delar i vilka religionsfrihet behandlas. Uppsatsen visar bl.a. på att religion bör ha en naturlig plats i den offentliga sfären samt behovet av att diskutera och fastslå civilsamhällets och religiösa församlingars roll i framtidens Norden beträffande frågor som berör t.ex. religion och migration. Religionsfrihet och dess roll i ett samhälle är väl i linje med det nordiska välfärdssamhällets kärnvärden. Det visar på en stor potential i att implementera religionsfrihet även i utrikespolitiken. I ett nordiskt perspektiv erbjuder religionsfrihet goda möjligheter till samarbete för att stärka Norden som en attraktiv och ledande demokratisk region för framtiden.

Philosophers who show interest in authenticity tend to narrowly focus on its capacity to help people evade conformity and affirm individuality, a simplistic reduction that neglects authenticity’s moral potential and gives credence to the many critics who dismiss it as a euphemism for excessive individualism. Yet when conceived ethically, authenticity can also allow for worthy human flourishing without falling prey to conformity’s opposite extreme—egoism. This thesis proposes a relational conception of authenticity that can help prevent the often destructive excess of egoism while also offsetting the undesirable deficiency of heteronomy, concertedly moving agents towards socially responsible living. It demonstrates how authenticity necessarily has ethical dimensions when rooted in existentialist and dialogical frameworks. It also defines egoism as a form of self-deception rooted in flawed logic that cannot be considered “authentic” by relational standards. Relational authenticity recognizes the interpersonal relationships and social engagements that imbue meaning into agents’ lives, fostering a balance between personal ambitions and social obligations, and enabling more consistently moral lifestyles.