Berlinmurens fall 1989 och Sovjetunionens sönderfall har lett till en mer föränderlig omvärld. Invasionshotet mot Sverige har minskat, men istället har de framtida hotbilderna blivit mer osäkra och svårförutsägbara. Förmågan att efter omvärldens skiftningar kunna anpassa och förändra volymen och kunskapen i totalförsvaret har under 1990-talet blivit ett begrepp i totalförsvarsplaneringen. Denna uppsats syftar till att beskriva den civila planeringsprocess som har genomförts och som fortfarande genomförs i syfte att anpassningsplanera det civila försvaret. Ett delsyfte har varit att studera om myndigheter och kommuner når ut med planeringen till konsumenterna dvs. allmänheten. Studien har genomförts som en fallstudie på den civila funktionen befolkningsskydd och räddningstjänst. Funktionens planeringsprocess har studerats genom intervjuer på central, regional och lokal nivå. Studien har avslutats med att intervjua delar av allmänheten. Studierna har visat att varje nivå har sin egen planeringsprocess åtskild från de övriga samt att myndigheter och kommuner på ett godtagbart sätt når ut till allmänheten. / The fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and the following disintegration of Soviet Union have led to a more dynamic world. The threat of a military invasion to Sweden has decreased, but instead the range of future possible threats has increased and their nature has become more unpredictable. In the view of this development, the ability to adapt and change the volume and know-how of the total defence has under the 1990:s become a main issue in the planning process of the Swedish total defence. This essay aims to describe the civil planning process that has been accomplished so far but also to describe the process which is currently under way in order to improve the adaptability of the civil defence. One aim of this essay has been to study if the authorities and the community have been able to reach their target group, which is the population of Sweden. The study has been carried out as a case study of the civilian function with a focus on the protection of the population and the rescue services. The planning process has been studied by interviews on central, regional and communitylevel. A number of interviews of the civil population have completed the study. The studies have shown that each level has its own planning process separated from the others and also that authorities and communities in an acceptable way have reached the population with their information. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

En afhandling om parti-rationalitet belyst gennem en undersøgelse af dansk deltagelse i fredsstøttende operationer og EU-forbeholdet på forsvarsområdet med henblik på at vurdere hvorvidt der eksisterer en diskrepans mellem disse to forhold. / The aim of this paper is to examine and explain the rationale of political parties behind, on the one hand, their desire to have Denmark participate in peace support operations and, on the one hand, the parties 1992 decision not to take any part in the elaboration and the implementation of decisions and actions of The European Union which have defence implications. It can thereby be determined whether or not there is an inconsistency between the two subjects. The parties who are subject to this examination are Socialdemokratiet(Social Democrats), Det Radikale Venstre(Social Liberals) and Socialistisk Folkeparti(Socialist People’s Party). The theory used is focusing on the fact that political parties have to make trade-offs in order to achieve their political goal or at least as many of these as possible. The theory puts foreward that parties have a small and well-defined set of objectives which in the simplest term can be seen as ”policy-seeking”, ”office-seeking” and ”vote-seeking”. The method used  is a descriptive analysis of the two areas where the decision to participate in peace support operations in The Persian Golf 1990, Bosnia 1995 and Kosovo 1998 is based on the parties arguments in Folketinget (The Danish Parliament). Due to the fact that there is no official documentation of the negotiations prior to the decision on The European Union question (the reservation) this area is mainly based on interviews with persons who took part in the negotiations and books on the subject. The aim of the descriptive analysis is to determine the rationale of the parties in both areas and thereby why the parties decides to participate in peace support operations and not to participate in The European Unions decisions and actions which have defence implications. This is followed by a comparative analysis of the conclusions from the descriptive analysis in order to determine any inconsistency in the parties rationale and the aims of the decisions. This leads to the conclusion of the thesis; Is there or is there not an inconsistency between Denmark’s wish to participate in peace support operations and the decision not to take any part in the elaboration and the implementation of decisions and actions of The European Union which have defence implications. The conclusion is; that there is an inconsistency. The inconsistency is due to the consequence of the implementation of the reservation, and not due to the aim of the reservation . As to the rationale of the parties the paper concludes that the parties seek different objectives. One party generally seeks policy and less office and/or votes, one party generally seeks office and less policy – votes and one party generally falls close to the center of the line policy and/or votes and only marginally in the direction of office. On the way to the conclusion the paper points to possible reasons to why it will not be possible to correct the inconsistency for a (long) time to come. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

I en omvärld som ställer allt högre krav på delaktighet kom ett uppdrag 2000-03-30 till Norrbottens Flygflottilj, F 21 som på nio månader skulle sätta upp ett nytt internationellt förband. Om förbandet kallas ut blir det första gången sedan sextiotalet som Sverige fullgör tjänst med krigsflygplan utomlands. Swedish Air Force Rapid Reaction Unit, SWAFRAP AJS 37 skulle ställas i 30 dagars beredskap Denna uppsats syftar till att beskriva och analysera den planeringsprocess som har genomförts på F 21 ur de traditionella perspektiven problemformulering, genomförande och utvärdering avseende detta nya förband. Undersökningen har genomförts som en fallstudie på F 21 och avgränsats till AJS 37. Planeringsprocessen har studerats genom intervjuer av chefer inom SWAFRAP organisationen. Studien pekar på att processer av detta slag är ytterligt komplicerade och kräver mera forskning om vi skall lyckas förstå alla ingående komponenter och deras interaktion. / In a world that creates higher and higher demands for international participation, a decision from the Swedish Headquarters came on 30 March 2000 to the wing F 21 that they were to establish a new unit. This unit was specifically to be able to deploy within thirty days to a base anywhere in Europe, in order to participate in peace keeping missions. The Swedish Rapid Reaction Unit, SWAFRAP AJS 37 was born. The main objective of my study is to describe and analyse the planning process that has taken place from the traditional perspectives of problem description, implementation and evaluation. The study has been done as a case study at wing F 21, and its scope has been limited to AJS 37. The study has been accomplished through interviews with commanders at different levels and within different specialities within the SWAFRAP planning process. The result indicates that a process like this is very complex and demands more research if we are going to understand all components and their interaction. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

Syftet med denna uppsats är att utifrån ett demonstratorperspektiv föreslå vilken typ av lvrobotsystem som skall vara lvrobotdemonstrator 2010. Metoden som används är att beskriva olika myndigheters uppfattning om demonstrator, den hotbild från luftmål som är aktuell 2010-2020, de aktuella svenska lvrobotsystemen och de uppgifter som FM anser att dessa skall lösa samt teknikutveckling för lvrobotar. En analys av underlaget ger mer konkreta syften och nivåer på demonstratorer, en jämförelse mellan hot och lvrobotsystemens förmåga visar vilka förmågor lvrobotsystemen saknar, slutsatser av lvförbandens uppgifter och teknikutveckling redovisas. Med stöd ur hela underlaget diskuteras sedan vad som skall demonstreras och hur detta skall demonstreras. Avslutningsvis identifieras två system som kan möta kraven på demonstratorn och ett av systemen väljs. Resultatet är att demonstratorn skall kunna bekämpa attackflyg på ca 100 km avstånd, kunna bekämpa kryssningsrobotar med en anfallshastighet på M3-4 från hög höjd och till 2020 kunna bekämpa taktiska ballistiska robotar. Detta kräver ett lvrobotsystem med lång räckvidd. Demonstratorn bör vara ett inköpt befintligt system för att få ett så komplett system som möjligt. Behovet av konkreta demonstratorer under perioden, pga. införandet av RMA konceptet, är större än behovet av teknikutveckling på lvrobotar med lång räckvidd. För att förenkla användandet av begreppet demonstrator föreslås att endast nya system omfattas av begreppet och att demonstratorer som anskaffas i syfte att utveckla förband och som genomförs med befintlig materiel benämns försöksmateriel eller utbildningsmateriel. Lvroboten Aster-30 har valts som exempel på lämpligt försöks- och utbildningssystem. Främsta motivet är förmågan mot attackflyg och kryssningsrobotar. / The object of this essay is, from a demonstrator perspective, to present a proposition on what sort of surface to air missile would be suitable as a SAM-demonstrator in 2010. To reach the object, the view of several authorities has been described and after an analysis of the text the conception demonstrator have been defined and the different objects and levels been made concrete. The gathering of information from unclassified sources regarding the threat from airborne weapons, the tasks of the air defence units and the technological development will form the base for a comparison between threat and the performance of the SAM missiles. All this information will from the basis for the discussion on what is to be demonstrated and how this demonstration will be performed. Finally two systems will be identified to meet the demands of the demonstrator, one of them will be chosen. The results of the discussions are that the demonstrator must be able to combat an attack aircraft within 100km range, be able to combat a cruise missile with a speed of M3-4 attacking from high altitude and in due time be able to combat a tactical ballistic missiles. To meet these demands a long-range surface to air missile is required. The demonstration ought to be performed with an existing system to ensure that the demonstration is performed with a SAM system that is as complete as possible due too the important developing phases on the RMA concept. This is more important than the need for technological development on long-range SAM’s. The Astair-30 missile has been chosen as a suitable example for a long-range of the shelf surface to air missile demonstrator. The primary motives are the ability to engage many attack aircraft’s at long range and cruise missiles with all required capabilities. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

When Barry Buzan discusses four models of possible nation-state link, he discusses as model one, the primal nation-state, exemplified by Hungary and other nations . According to this model the nation precedes the state and the state’s main purpose is to protect and express the nation. This study covers mostly the nation-state, Sweden, how politics appear on the agenda, how the National Strategy is formed, and how the use of military power affects the “Room for Manoeuvre”. By selecting Politics, Strategy and Military Power as independent variables and "Room for Manoevre" as the dependent variable, I have used a method that allows me to discuss how the interaction between these variables occurs, and how these variables affects the "Room for Manoeuvre".An important aspect of this study, is the discussion about the political “Room for Manoeuvre”. In this “Room”, the designations Windows of Opportunity and Governmental Freedom to Act, appears. Sometimes the Government will have full freedom, limited freedom or no freedom at all to act, depending on internal forces within its own nation or external forces in the more distant surroundings.The study shows that the “Room for Manoeuvre” is continuously under pressure from individuals, organisations, and special interest groups in all layers of the society. The dramatic changes in respect to both world-wide and European security, will also affect the size of the governmental “Room for Manoeuvre”.As mentioned, since use of military power is an important tool in respect to foreign policy, the complexity in using the military power is the main subject throughout this study. The military capacity is divided into two parts, the doctrinal part and the substantial part (miltary "software" and "hardware"). Military capasity is analysed in respect to the whole spectre of military tasks, from a fully existential war to Peace Support Operations.The conclusions shows that use of military forces, which are not prepared, trained or designed to meet the political objectives, will lead to a worse situation not only for the military force itself, but also for the goevernmental   "Room for Manoeuvre”. Therefore, Sweden needs to analyse what kind of tasks its Armed Forces  should cover. It is possible to meet the whole spectre of tasks, but such a policy and strategy will in most cases probably cost more money than the Swedish Government is willing to provide. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

I uppsatsen analyseras amerikansk verbal utrikes- och säkerhetspolitik kopplad till utvecklingen av EU:s militära krishanteringsförmåga förmedlad av företrädare för Clinton- respektive Bushadministrationerna. Analysen omfattar tidsperioden 2000 till och med första kvartalet 2001. Syftet med analysen är att dels  fastställa om det finns några substantiella skillnader i de båda administrationernas politik samt att utföra en bedömning av hur huvuddragen i denna politik kan komma att vidareutvecklas och föras under Bushadministrationens fortsatta mandatperiod.Analysen har genomförts med anknytning till Kjell Goldmanns teori om att det sätt på vilket nationella regeringar reagerar med anledning av internationella förhållanden är påverkade av såväl ideologiska som inrikespolitiska hänsynstaganden. / The essay analyses American foreign and security policy conducted verbally by predecessors of the Clinton and Bush administrations due to the development of the military crises response capabilities of the European Union. The analysed period stretches from year 2000 until the first quarter of year 2001. The analysis aims at determining if there are any substantial divergences regarding the policies of the two administrations. The analysis also aims at conducting a brief prediction in what principal features the Bush administration will continue to conduct their policy on European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) until the end of their term of office. In order to accomplish the analysis it is based on a model of Kjell Goldmann suggesting that international-political action is affected by ideological and domestic-strategic considerations. Above that, in order to increase perspicuity the empirical matters, statements and arguments, are categorized in schools of thought. The author can establish that nothing indicates substantial divergences in the policies conducted by the two administrations on the matter of development of the military crises response capabilities of the European Union. Slight discrepancies in the political rhetoric’s is all that is indicated. The future policy of the Bush administration on the issue of ESDP will most likely be a continuation of the already established policy implying an American support as long as it won’t counteract with American national interests. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

Kompetens är ett nyckelord för framtida konkurrens och effektivitet. Att sakna kompetens och att bli av med kompetens, innebär ett hot mot organisationens verksamhet, och kan i värsta fall handla om överlevnad eller icke överlevnad.Hur gör då Försvarsmaktens organisationer för att möta dessa hot, och vilka metoder och verktyg används? Är Försvarsmakten ledande i sin verksamhet för att möta dessa problem eller har näringslivet mer sofistikerade metoder för att möta hoten. Kompetensöverföring och kompetensbevaring har blivit nyckelord för att möta hoten, men metoder för att lösa dessa problem saknas. Framtiden står för dörren, och kompetensen flyr med lätta vingslag. / Competence is the future keyword for competition and efficiency. Missing competence and loosing competence is a threat against the organization activity, and in worst case it can be a question of survival. How are the Swedish Defense different organizations’ meeting these threats, and witch methods and tools are available? Is the Swedish Defense a leading organization to meet this problems and threats, or is the civil trade and industrial life a more competent actor? Competence preserving and competence transfer has become keyword for meeting this threats, but methods for solving the problems are missing. The future is knocking on the door and the competence is leaving on wings. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

Denna uppsats avser lämna ett bidrag till en ökad kunskap om vilka terroristorganisationer som finns publicerade på Internet, vilka syften organisationerna har med denna publicering samt att se om det finns några paralleller mellan olika kategorier av terroristorganisationer. / The revolution in information technology that took place in the middle of the 1990’s has offered new possibilities for terrorist organisations in terms of consolidation and action. In this essay these possibilities are limited to the use of Internet, and defined as active use (logical attacks) and passive use (consolidation).This essay focuses on the passive use of the Internet. The attempt is to answer questions on which of the studied organisations that make use of the Internet, the purposes they have for publicising themselves and to examine if there are any similarities between the different categories use of the Internet.The essay shows different definitions of “terrorism” and gives an example on how to divide terrorist organisations into different categories.It also gives an overview on the revolution in information technology of the 1990’s and brings to light the possibilities it offers the terrorist organisations.A total of 37 organisations have been studied, and 21 of these have been found on the Internet. The difficulties that the author has met during the search for the organisations on the Internet are described in connection to the general description of the study. In conclusion, the author discusses the results in terms of purpose, infrastructural prerequisites, technical competence, the strength in resources, and need for secrecy. All these varibles affect the organisations use of the Internet as a way of publicising. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

The main issue of the essay were to create a picture of how the Swedish Armed Forces is and are supposed to be controlled with documents within the field of personnel management. The documents that are at hand in the essay´s field of problem, ”personnel idea” and ”personnel policy”, does not show a unitary or apparent picture of how control are meant to be executed; for which reason an explorative examination turned out to be important. Data was collected with interviews as a method. The persons interviewed have had different roles in the essay´s field of problem. The choice of theoretical background were primarily Henry Mintzberg´s coordinating mechanisms and the HRM-concepts two variants: the Michigan respectively Harvard school. The result in summary are:• The concept of ”personnel idea” are not defined sufficiently enough for the Swedish Armed Forces.• The ”personnel idea” of the Swedish Armed Forces has a inclination towards the coordinating mechanism standardization of outputs. The ”personnel idea” has a inclination towards the Harvardschool.• The ”personnel policies” of the Swedish Armed Forces has no apparent inclinations towards any particular coordinating mechanism, those which appear in some sence are direct supervision and standardization of outputs respectively norms. The ”personnel policies” cannot be said to have any inclination towards one or other of the two schools within the HRM-concept. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01

During the Cold War, as before it, local and regional conflicts were often encouraged and materially supported by rival powers.  Now by contrast, the absence of functioning powers is the cause of the international society’s inability to cope with all types of violent disorders.  There can be lots of reasons for this.  This report focus on the military sector of the broad agenda for security.  The reason for the Western world’s reluctance to use its tremendous military power in the cause of global stability and security may be found in the current military paradigm.  Maybe our military forces are not organised, trained, and equipped for the current strategic needs?The aim of this report is to discuss the validity of the thesis : We need to change our current Napoleonic military paradigm! Starting with theory on international relations, security and an explanation of the Napoleonic paradigm, the reason for keeping a military capacity is explained.  A formula for military capacity is introduced.  The formula Capacity = Means x Ways x Will, reinforced with four strategic dimensions, is the tool used to analyse the paradigm through two major international conflicts since 1990, the conflict in the Gulf, and the conflict in former Yugoslavia.  The discussion reveals that the thesis can be supported.  Our current military paradigm can not solve the security problems of today, and there is a need for readressing the flexible response doctrine, this time with the main focus on the lower part of the conflict scale. / Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01