Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:33:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_ae_me_prud.pdf: 577240 bytes, checksum: 420dbf650cbfaf153b8272578502b16d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A construção deste trabalho vincula-se à Linha de Pesquisa Práticas Educativas e Formação de Professores e aborda os modos de dizer e as capacidades comunicativas infantis, para exprimir sentimentos por meio de brincadeiras com textos literários. Considerando as peculiaridades dos pequenos, ao expressar-se oralmente no momento da contação de histórias, teve-se como objetivo analisar as contribuições do trabalho com Literatura Infantil, especificamente nas atividades lúdicas da Hora do Conto, para as crianças revelarem sentimentos angustiantes, como conflitos, ódio, raiva, inveja e medo; verificar nos diálogos, durante essas atividades, possíveis relações ou significados com seus conteúdos internos; analisar e interpretar esses conteúdos e identificar os modos encontrados pelas crianças para manifestá-los, ao contar ou recontar uma história. Assim, a presente investigação apoiou-se, como suporte metodológico para a organização das atividades de contação e para a análise da narrativa infantil, numa interface entre a abordagem pedagógica e a psicanalítica; constituíram alguns de seus princípios teóricos norteadores o aspecto transformador e o viés humanizador da Literatura, essenciais para a formação e as teorias da Psicanálise sobre a importância da brincadeira como processo criativo na resolução de conflitos. Para o seu desenvolvimento, organizaram-se, com um grupo de alunos de terceira e quarta séries do Ensino Fundamental, de uma instituição localizada em um bairro de alto índice de exclusão social, oito encontros semanais, resultantes de seis histórias... / The structure of this study is linked to the Educational Practices and Teacher Training Research Line and discusses the ways of saying and the communication skills of children, to express feelings through recreational activities with literary texts. Considering children’s peculiarities, when expressing themselves verbally at the time of storytelling, the objective was to analyze the contributions of working with Children’s Literature, especially in recreational activities in the Tale Time for children to reveal distressing feelings, such as conflicts, hate, anger, envy and fear; to verify in the dialogues, during these activities, possible relationships or meanings with their inner contents; to analyze and to interpret such contents and identifying ways children found to manifest them, when a story was told or retold. Thus, the present research has relied, as methodological support for the organization of the activities of storytelling and for the analysis of children’s narrative, on an interface between pedagogical and psychoanalytic approach; some of its guiding theoretical principles were the transformative aspect and the humanizing bias of Literature, essential for the formation and the theories of Psychoanalysis on the importance of recreational activities as a creative process in the resolution of conflicts. For its development, eight weekly meetings were organized, with a group of students from third and fourth grades of elementary school, from an institution located in a neighborhood of high levels of social exclusion, resulting from six literary, classic and contemporary stories... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A pesquisa apresentada nessa Dissertação de Mestrado investiga de que forma um trabalho com literatura infantil com temáticas afro-brasileiras pode qualificar, discutir e problematizar os conceitos de diferenças raciais entre crianças de uma turma de Educação Infantil em escola pública municipal. Através da perspectiva com uma inspiração pós-estruturalista e da metodologia de pesquisas com crianças, em que concebo que elas são parceiras de pesquisa, trato de investigar as concepções de raça entre alunos dessa turma, a partir do ponto de vista de cada criança, na interação com os materiais propostos para a pesquisa, principalmente os livros de literatura infantil com personagens negros. Discuto como esses materiais podem evidenciar/reforçar/alterar a posição das crianças frente aos seus modos de viver a racialidade. Busca-se, através da literatura infantil com temática afrobrasileira, proporcionar outras formas de ver-se enquanto branco, negro, mestiço, mulato, etc., refletindo também sobre as histórias familiares sobre o tema e as relações que as crianças estabelecem entre pares. Sabemos que as infâncias são múltiplas e assim também são as formas como as crianças se veem e veem seus colegas e as discussões sobre essas formas de ver a si e ao outro entendo como fundamentais na constituição das identidades infantis. / This paper investigates how a work of children’s literature with African Brazilian themes may qualify, discuss and problematise concepts of racial differences among kids in a Children’s Education class in a municipal school. In a poststructuralist perspective and research methodology with children who in my opinion are research partners, we investigate conceptions of race among this classroom students from each child’s viewpoint in interaction with materials proposed for the research, particularly children’s literature books with Black characters. We discuss how these materials may emphasise/reinforce/change children’s position towards their way of dealing with raciality. Through children’s literature of African Brazilian themes, we seek to provide other ways of identifying white, Black, Mestizo, Mulatto people, also reflecting on family stories about the subject and relationships children have among them. We know that there are multiple childhoods and so are ways in which children see themselves and their peers and discussions about ways of seeing themselves and others as a key way to shape children’s identities.

Esta dissertação possui como temática a literatura infantil que circula na escola, especialmente, analisando edições populares adaptadas de contos de fadas. Dentre as coleções encontradas nos acervos investigados em duas escolas municipais – educação infantil e ensino fundamental - de um município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS, destacou-se a presença de determinadas séries com publicações de textos adaptados muito sucintos e com pouco cuidado editorial, preferencialmente, de “contos de fadas”, ao lado dos acervos oficiais distribuídos às escolas pelo Ministério de Educação (PNBE, PNLD, PNAIC). A partir desta constatação, meu objetivo, nesta dissertação, foi o de analisar criticamente adaptações de textos considerados “clássicos da literatura infantil”, encontrados nas escolas, realizando um cotejo com os "originais" [ou versões mais conhecidas], identificando as modificações e verificando, de maneira geral, os critérios que presidiram suas modificações. Considerando que estas coleções integram o circuito pedagógico nas instituições, realizei uma análise das adaptações de dez clássicos: “O Patinho Feio”, “João e o Pé de Feijão”, “Branca de Neve”, “A Bela e a Fera”, “A Bela Adormecida”, “Cinderela”, “Chapeuzinho Vermelho”, “João e Maria”, “Os Três Porquinhos” e “O Pequeno Polegar”, tomando como referência alguns estudos sobre contos de fadas e sobre adaptação (CADEMARTORI, CECCANTINI, HUTCHEON, CARVALHO, SHAVIT, entre outros). A análise das edições adaptadas, considerando tanto o projeto gráfico dos livros quanto as permanências e modificações dos textos, em relação às obras mais tradicionais, nos permitiu evidenciar o limitado potencial literário destas obras, uma vez que não privilegiam a riqueza das narrativas originais, tampouco sustentam a recepção destas histórias pelo leitor. Tornou-se evidente que a publicação de adaptações constitui uma estratégia do mercado editorial para o largo consumo de livros que possam “ensinar algo” para as crianças. Neste sentido, a investigação é produtiva, à medida que coloca em xeque o conceito de “literatura infantil” ou “livros para crianças” no circuito escolar. / This paper focuses on children’s literature in the school, particularly analysing popular issues of fairytales. Among works found in collections investigated in two municipal children’s and primary schools in the city of Porto Alegre (RS), the presence of particular series published from very brief and poorly edited texts, especially, about ‘fairytales’, as well as official collections the Ministry of Education (PNBE, PNLD, PNAIC) distributed to schools. Thus my aim was to analyse critically adaptations of texts considered as ‘children’s literature classics’ found in schools, by comparing them with ‘originals’ (or more popular versions), identifying changes and generally verifying criteria for such changes. Considering that these collections follow pedagogical paths in institutions, I make an analysis of adaptations from ten classics: The Ugly Duckling, Jack and the Beanstalk, Snow White, Beauty and the Beast, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Hansel and Gretel, The Three Little Pigs, and Tom Thumb. Here we have drawn to some studies about fairytales and adaptations such as Cademartori, Ceccantini, Hutcheon, Carvalho, Shavit, among others. Analysing these adapted works, by considering both books’ graphic part and attachment or change of traditional, allow us to show that these works have limited literary potential, once they do not favour the richness of the original narratives nor sustain the readers’ reception of these stories, which shows that publication of adaptations constitutes a strategy of the publishing market for the large consumption of books that may ‘teach something’ for children. In this perspective, the investigation is useful as it challenges the concept of ‘children’s literature’ or ‘children’s books’.

A pesquisa apresentada nessa Dissertação de Mestrado investiga de que forma um trabalho com literatura infantil com temáticas afro-brasileiras pode qualificar, discutir e problematizar os conceitos de diferenças raciais entre crianças de uma turma de Educação Infantil em escola pública municipal. Através da perspectiva com uma inspiração pós-estruturalista e da metodologia de pesquisas com crianças, em que concebo que elas são parceiras de pesquisa, trato de investigar as concepções de raça entre alunos dessa turma, a partir do ponto de vista de cada criança, na interação com os materiais propostos para a pesquisa, principalmente os livros de literatura infantil com personagens negros. Discuto como esses materiais podem evidenciar/reforçar/alterar a posição das crianças frente aos seus modos de viver a racialidade. Busca-se, através da literatura infantil com temática afrobrasileira, proporcionar outras formas de ver-se enquanto branco, negro, mestiço, mulato, etc., refletindo também sobre as histórias familiares sobre o tema e as relações que as crianças estabelecem entre pares. Sabemos que as infâncias são múltiplas e assim também são as formas como as crianças se veem e veem seus colegas e as discussões sobre essas formas de ver a si e ao outro entendo como fundamentais na constituição das identidades infantis. / This paper investigates how a work of children’s literature with African Brazilian themes may qualify, discuss and problematise concepts of racial differences among kids in a Children’s Education class in a municipal school. In a poststructuralist perspective and research methodology with children who in my opinion are research partners, we investigate conceptions of race among this classroom students from each child’s viewpoint in interaction with materials proposed for the research, particularly children’s literature books with Black characters. We discuss how these materials may emphasise/reinforce/change children’s position towards their way of dealing with raciality. Through children’s literature of African Brazilian themes, we seek to provide other ways of identifying white, Black, Mestizo, Mulatto people, also reflecting on family stories about the subject and relationships children have among them. We know that there are multiple childhoods and so are ways in which children see themselves and their peers and discussions about ways of seeing themselves and others as a key way to shape children’s identities.

Submitted by Gilmar Barros (gilmargomesdebarros@gmail.com) on 2015-04-10T18:03:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_FINAL.pdf: 13700218 bytes, checksum: 6b68925e85bf29fb5cf7abeda1308e80 (MD5) / Rejected by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com), reason: - Nomes dos autores nos primeiros campos não podem começar com letra maiúscula; - Faltam palavras-chave em inglês; on 2015-06-02T15:41:26Z (GMT) / Submitted by Gilmar Barros (gilmargomesdebarros@gmail.com) on 2015-06-03T16:14:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_FINAL.pdf: 13700218 bytes, checksum: 6b68925e85bf29fb5cf7abeda1308e80 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com) on 2015-06-08T17:53:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_FINAL.pdf: 13700218 bytes, checksum: 6b68925e85bf29fb5cf7abeda1308e80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-08T17:53:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_FINAL.pdf: 13700218 bytes, checksum: 6b68925e85bf29fb5cf7abeda1308e80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A neurociência, ao propiciar um melhor entendimento do funcionamento do cérebro, tem sido objeto de interesse não só do meio acadêmico, sendo perceptível que questões e curiosidades acerca desse tema costumam ser muito comuns entre a população em geral. Esses assuntos, facilmente aproximados do cotidiano das pessoas, também geram dúvidas nas crianças. Considerando que atualmente a neurociência tem sido altamente divulgada pela mídia, a presente dissertação teve como objetivo investigar, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, revistas e livros voltados ao público infantil e infantojuvenil que trouxessem conteúdo na área da neurociência, em especial relacionado a questões educacionais. A pesquisa envolveu análise qualitativa e quantitativa das revistas “Ciência Hoje das Crianças” e “Mundo Estranho” e dos livros “Pisando no freio”, “Jogos e treinamentos de inteligência: como ter a mente de um gênio” e a coleção “Aventuras de um neurônio lembrador”. Em relação às revistas, foram consideradas as edições referentes ao período de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2013. Quanto aos livros, consideramos publicações a partir de 2004. Ao fim do estudo, concluímos que a abordagem dessa temática ocorre, mas com limitações. Nos livros, de origem nacional e internacional, escolhidos por estarem disponíveis no mercado brasileiro, caracterizamos os textos apresentados, sendo observados pontos principais como: conteúdos, recursos visuais, linguagem e existência ou não de histórias e personagens. Consideramos que as publicações, além de ter autores que são autoridades científicas, são apoiadas em estudos no campo da neurociência, o que, somado a bons projetos gráficos e a exploração do conteúdo vinculado ao cotidiano do leitor, se revelam como meios eficazes de divulgação científica. Por fim, concluímos que os artefatos analisados estão dando conta de uma divulgação eficiente dos conhecimentos neurocientíficos, abordando diversos assuntos, como comportamento, emoções, sentidos e memória. Porém, acreditamos que a exploração de questões educacionais atreladas à neurociência poderia ser inserida em uma intensidade maior / Neuroscience, by providing a better understanding of brain function has been an object of interest not only in the academic field, being noticeable that questions and curiosities about this issue tend to be very common among the general population. These issues, easily approximated to the daily lives of people, also raise doubts in children. Considering that neuroscience has currently been highly publicized by the media, this dissertation’s purpose was to investigate, through literature, magazines and books for children that brought content in neuroscience, particularly related to educational issues. The research involved qualitative and quantitative analysis of the journals “Ciência Hoje das Crianças” and “Mundo Estranho” and the books “Pisando no freio”, “Jogos e treinamentos de inteligência: como ter a mente de um gênio” and the collection “Aventuras de um neurônio lembrador”. Regarding the journals, we considered the editions relating to the period of January 2010 to December 2013. As for the books, were considered editions printed from 2004 to 2013. At the end of the study, we concluded that this thematic is indeed discussed, but with limitations. In the books, from national and international origin, chosen because they were available in the Brazilian market, we characterized the texts, with main points being observed such as: content, visual resources, language and whether or not they presented stories and characters. We considered that the publications, in addition to having authors who are scientific authorities, are supported by studies in the neuroscience field, which, added to good graphic designs and the exploration of content linked to the to the life of the reader, reveal themselves as effective scientific media. Finally, we concluded that the artifacts analyzed are doing an efficient dissemination of neuroscientific knowledge, addressing various issues such as behavior, emotions, senses and memory. However, we believe that the exploration of educational issues linked to neuroscience could be presented more often

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T18:08:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Meire Cristina Costa Ruggeri - 2016.pdf: 2526608 bytes, checksum: b81447fb554caeff81baf9b7d76704c4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-06-02T18:10:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Meire Cristina Costa Ruggeri - 2016.pdf: 2526608 bytes, checksum: b81447fb554caeff81baf9b7d76704c4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Meire Cristina Costa Ruggeri - 2016.pdf: 2526608 bytes, checksum: b81447fb554caeff81baf9b7d76704c4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / This study sought to analyze which space is given to literary book on literacy in the 1st year of the Municipal Network of Rio Verde classes. The main objective is to analyze the space that literary book has occupied in teaching practices of literacy teachers who participated in the 1st year of continuing education offered by MEC in the last ten years, especially in PNAIC. It was intended to also investigate the methodological procedures of literacy teachers in working with the literary book; realize that the literacy training programs influence the teaching practices regarding the use of the literary book and see how (and if) the literacy apply theoretical concepts they have acquired in the continuing education about the importance of children's literature for literacy. The methodological approach used includes a qualitative research with the main data collection instruments, interviews, questionnaires and observations of the practice of collaborating teachers. Nine teachers from six schools in the northern region of the city of Rio Verde were the research participants. The results point changes in literacy posture arising from the formation. It also noticed that there is a space to work with literature to fruition, however, that space is not defined and is sometimes very fragmented, as the literary book has been a support widely used for the acquisition of reading technology and writing, in a practice characterized as a hybrid, that is, it presents innovative concepts merged by traditional practices. / Esta pesquisa procurou analisar qual espaço é dado ao livro literário na alfabetização, em classes de 1º ano da rede Municipal de Rio Verde. O objetivo principal é analisar o espaço que o livro literário tem ocupado nas práticas docentes dos professores alfabetizadores do 1º ano que participaram de formação continuada oferecida pelo MEC nos últimos dez anos, em especial no PNAIC. Pretendeu-se também investigar os procedimentos metodológicos de professores alfabetizadores no trabalho com o livro literário; perceber se os programas de formação de alfabetizadores influenciam as práticas docentes em relação ao uso do livro literário e observar como (e se) os alfabetizadores aplicam as concepções teóricas que adquiriram na formação continuada sobre a importância da literatura infantil durante a alfabetização. A abordagem metodológica usada inclui uma pesquisa qualitativa tendo como principais instrumentos de coleta de dados, entrevistas, questionários e observações da prática das professoras colaboradoras. Nove professoras de seis escolas da região norte da cidade de Rio Verde-GO foram as participantes da pesquisa. Os resultados apontam para mudanças na postura do alfabetizador advindas da formação. Percebeu-se também que existe um espaço para o trabalho com a literatura como fruição, no entanto, esse espaço não é delimitado e por vezes é bastante fragmentado, pois o livro literário tem sido um suporte bastante utilizado para a aquisição da tecnologia da leitura e da escrita, numa prática caracterizada como híbrida, isto é, que apresenta concepções inovadoras mescladas por práticas tradicionais.

Abstract This study focuses on representations of multiculturalism in children’s literature. Children’s books are seen as cultural products which do not only reflect but also construct our social reality. The research consists of four peer-reviewed articles and a summary part. This interdisciplinary research is theoretically positioned in both cultural studies and social sciences, with the key concepts of multiculturalism, identity, ethnicity, racism and anti-racism. More specifically, the study contributes to the discussions of multicultural children’s literature as both pedagogy and art. The methodological-theoretical framework is based on the social constructionist approach. Language is understood as socially, historically, sociopolitically and ideologically constructed; hence performativity, discourse and representation are considered as key concepts of the analysis. Intersectionality functions as both a theoretical framework which guides the understanding of multiculturalism, as well as an analytical tool for examining the data. The data consists of children’s picturebooks which are analysed by applying the method of close reading. Intersectional analysis also makes the numerous sociocultural categories, i.e. ethnicity, nationality, gender, language, dis/ability and age visible in the studied books. The results show that representations of multiculturalism are connected to the ideas of nationality, which again relates to the ideas of belonging and exclusion – often meaning Finnish/non-Finnish division. The representations of multiculturalism can reproduce and circulate discourses of differentiation, and thus legitimise exclusion and marginalisation of people. However, picturebooks can also display representations of multiculturalism that challenge the normative assumptions of ‘difference’ and ‘normal’. In the studied books, challenging the dominant sociopolitical discourses seems to further the understanding of ‘us’ in a more inclusive way which then might prevent exclusion of people who differ from the ‘norm’. The didactic quality of children’s books is manifest in anti-racist strategies with the aim of reducing racism by making it visible. The study shows that children’s literature offers possibilities for readers to question implicit assumptions about the self and other, and thus can support readers in becoming more culturally aware and sensitive. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen keskiössä ovat lastenkirjallisuudessa esiintyvät monikulttuurisuuden representaatiot. Tarkastelen lastenkirjallisuutta kulttuurisena tuotteena, joka ei ainoastaan heijasta vaan myös rakentaa sosiaalista todellisuutta. Tutkimus rakentuu neljästä vertaisarvioudusta artikkelista sekä yhteenveto-osasta. Tutkimus on monitieteinen, ja sijoittuu sekä kulttuurintutkimuksen että yhteiskuntatieteiden kenttään. Keskeisiä käsitteitä ovat monikulttuurisuus, identiteetti, etnisyys, rasismi ja anti-rasismi. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan lastenkirjallisuutta sekä pedagogiikan välineenä että taiteellisena tuotteena. Tutkimuksen metodologis-teoreettisen perustan muodostaa sosiaalinen konstruktivismi. Kieli ymmärretään sosiaalisesti, historiallisesti, poliittisesti ja ideologisesti rakentuneena, ja analyysin avainkäsitteitä ovat performatiivisuus, diskurssi ja representaatio. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu lasten kuvakirjoista, joiden analysoinnissa on hyödynnetty lähiluvun tekniikkaa. Intersektionaalisuus toimii teoreettisena viitekehyksenä, mutta se tarjoaa myös sopivan analyysivälineen mahdollistaen erilaisten sosiaalisten kategorioiden (etnisyys, kansalaisuus, sukupuoli, kieli, kyvykkyys, ikä) tekemisen näkyviksi aineistossa. Tulosten mukaan monikulttuurisuus kuvataan usein kansalaisuuden kautta. Kansalaisuuden representaatioihin kiinnittyy kuulumisen ja poissulkemisen tematiikkaa, joka ilmenee usein suomalainen/ei-suomalainen-jaotteluna. Koska monikulttuurisuuden representaatiot tuottavat eroja korostavia diskursseja, ne myös aiheuttavat yksilöiden syrjäyttämistä. Lastenkirjallisuus sisältää toisaalta myös kuvauksia, jotka haastavat normatiivisen jaottelun ’erilaisuuteen’ ja ’normaaliin’. Dominoivien sosiaalisten ja poliittisten diskurssien haastaminen mahdollistaa meihin ja muihin liittyvien erontekojen monimuotoisemman ymmärtämisen. Näin normista poikkeavia yksilöitä ei suljeta ulkopuolelle yhtä herkästi. Lastenkirjojen didaktinen ominaisuus tulee esille erityisesti antirasistisina strategioina, joiden avulla rasismiin pyritään puuttumaan tekemällä se näkyväksi. Tutkimuksen mukaan lastenkirjallisuus tarjoaa lukijoille mahdollisuuksia kyseenalaistaa yksinkertaistavia oletuksia itsestä ja muista. Näin lastenkirjallisuus voi tukea lukijan kulttuurisen tietouden kehittymistä.

Creating and writing fairy tales is a literary exercise that was introduced in the salons of the XVII century. Madame d'Aulnoy and Charles Perrault began to write the fairy tales that became fashionable at the court of King Louis XIV. Despite the simplicity of their narrative patterns, the tales carry messages that affect all readers. First addressed to adults, fairy tales dealt with anxieties, fears and desires of the human being. Little Red Riding Hood is one of the most famous tales in the world. Universally loved, this cautionary tale has experienced much evolution through the centuries. There are some differences between the very bloody oral version and the version of Perrault. A century later, the version of the two German brothers, the brothers Grimm, became the best-known version. But the story’s main rudiments have not changed: the little girl, the wolf, the mother, the grandmother and the forest, these elements have not ceased to inspire the authors up to the present day. Today the rewriting of fairy tales has become an art in its own right. If we look at the market of youth literature, we will find hundreds of tales rewritten and modernized. Writers take advantage of the popularity of these tales that fascinate adults as well as children. Little Red Riding Hood has turned into a story about a little girl with a Little Hood of all colors: navy blue or green. Among a long list of rewritten tales we have chosen to study five. The first tale is taken from the collection entitled Contes à l'envers by Dumas and Moissard: Le Petit Chaperon bleu marine (Little Navy Blue Riding Hood) This tale written in 2009 represents a clear illustration of the transfigured tale. The other four tales we have chosen are written by Geoffroy de Pennart. Through the study of these tales, we shall see how the character of the wolf has changed from the wretched wolf of Perrault. Le loup est revenue (The Wolf Has Returned) published in 1994 presents all the animals of the traditional tales that are afraid of the return of the wolf. Le loup sentimental (The Sentimental Wolf) released in 1998, features several famous characters from the classical tales and creates unexpected links between all these characters. The third tale is Chapeau rond rouge (Red Round Hat) published in 2004; this tale is a parody of the classic tale. Finally Le retour de Chapeau rond rouge (The Return of Red Round Hat) released in 2011 is a contemporary tale that refers to three previous tales: The Little Red Riding Hood, Goldilocks and the Three Bears and Red Round Hat. Through the reading of these five modern tales we can follow the course of the evolution of the tale. This study examines the evolution of the classic tale, its rewriting and intertextual correlations in the tale of Little Red Riding Hood. By analyzing adapted and rewritten modern tales, this research attempts to demonstrate that a rewritten tale is read only in light of the knowledge of the original tale. Inverted, transfigured or mixed, these tales offer the reader a great pleasure. The audience enjoys reading these texts full of humor and references winks compared to the classic tale. The role of heroes is often reversed in modern tales and morality does not remain the same. Thanks to this reading of the second degree of the rewritten tale, children discover and deepen their gaze in regards to the modern world.

This study examined male and female characters in award-winning English language Canadian children's literature for evidence of gender equality. The sample consisted of seventy-eight books that had been winners or runners-up of national awards between 1982 and 1992. Qualitative and quantitative methods of content analysis were used to collect data from which the ratio of male characters to female characters was calculated for the titles, cover illustrations, text, illustrations in the body of the books, and main and supporting characters. A list of eighteen activities, categorized as active/mobile or passive/immobile, was used to identify the activities engaged in by the main and supporting characters. A list of four locations was used to determine the location of each activity. Careers/occupations were listed for all characters. Results indicated more references to females than males in the titles of the books, and an equal number of males and females portrayed on the cover illustrations. However, results from the text and the illustrations in the body of the books revealed twice as many male characters as females. There was a higher ratio of male to female main and supporting characters as well. Results of data collected on activities/locations indicated that female main and supporting characters dominated the passive/immobile activities. Active/mobile activities were dominated by female main characters and male supporting characters. Females dominated the home and outdoors locations, while males dominated place of business and school locations. Male characters performed a greater diversity of careers/occupations than did female characters, and were involved in 66% of the total number of careers/occupations. Findings of this study support the trend toward a reduction in gender bias found in earlier studies. However, the overall results suggest some gender biases in the representation and portrayal of male and female characters. / Education, Faculty of / Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of / Graduate

This is a critical and comparative study that examines the blossoming and maturation of the Sesotho sa Leboa (Northern Sotho) Young Adult (YA) novella from the canon of novels in that language. The periods under examination are divided into three decades, namely, 1940–1949, 1950-1959 and 1960-1969. Taking into account the significant research done by scholars in Sesotho sa Leboa, very little is known about YA literature and in particular, the Young Adult novella (novelette or novel). This somewhat confusing sub-genre is clarified and dissected by literary theorists from different orientations and traditions (schools of thought). It is envisaged that this research work will help language practitioners in Sesotho sa Leboa, and other languages to make informed decisions about the classification of the sub-genre in terms of its literary elements. Defining the age cohort of the young adult has also been, and still is, a hotly debated terrain. Arguably, the problem stems from diverse societies trying to provide a uniform definition of a global community. In many instances, the age definition of ‘who is the young adult’ seems to be more complex and political in nature. In the final analysis, the study provides guidelines for the literary evaluation of texts for use in secondary schools, tertiary institutions and for the selection of books for libraries. Novice writers, in comparison with their predecessors, will also become more conversant with the requirements of the sub-genre. For this reason, Sesotho sa Leboa literature will continue to grow and develop in all facets in relation to quality, insight and world view. / Afrikaans: Hierdie is 'n kritiese en vergelykende studie wat die bloei en volwassenheid van die Sesotho sa Leboa (Noord-Sotho) jong volwassene (YA) novelle vanuit die kanon van romans in daardie taal ondersoek. Die periodes wat ondersoek word, word in drie dekades verdeel, naamlik 1940–1949, 1950-1959 en 1960-1969. Met inagneming van die beduidende navorsing wat wetenskaplikes in Sesotho sa Leboa gedoen het, is daar baie min bekend oor jong volwassene-literatuur en veral die novelle van jong volwassene romans. Hierdie ietwat verwarrende subgenre word deur literêre teoretici uit verskillende oriëntasies en tradisies (denkrigtings) verhelder en gedissekteer. Daar word voorsien dat hierdie navorsingswerk taalpraktisyns in Sesotho sa Leboa en ander tale sal help om ingeligte besluite te neem oor die klassifikasie van die subgenre in terme van die literêre elemente daarvan. Die definisie van die ouderdomsgroep van die jong volwassene was, en is nog steeds, 'n baie gedebatteerde terrein. Die probleem spruit waarskynlik uit uiteenlopende samelewings wat probeer om 'n eenvormige definisie van 'n wêreldgemeenskap te gee. In baie gevalle,lyk die definisie van 'wie die jong volwassene' is, meer kompleks en polities van aard. Uiteindelik bied die studie riglyne vir die literêre evaluering van tekste wat gebruik kan word in sekondêre skole, tersiêre instellings en vir die keuse van boeke vir biblioteke. Beginnersskrywers, in vergelyking met hul voorgangers, sal ook meer vertroud raak met die vereistes van die subgenre. Om hierdie rede sal die literatuur van Sesotho sa Leboa aanhou groei en ontwikkel in alle fasette in verhouding tot kwaliteit, insig en wêreldbeskouing. / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / African Languages / DLitt / Unrestricted