Só é possível estudar o tema O controle das contas municipais em um Estado que apresente, em sua Constituição, o princípio da separação de Poderes como uma de suas pedras angulares. Além de competir a cada órgão do Poder uma função típica, também reflexo da teoria da separação de Poderes de Montesquieu é o sistema de checks and balances pelo qual um Poder controla o outro evitando a prática dos abusos. Em matéria de contas públicas, este controle recíproco se apresenta com o dever que o Chefe do Poder Executivo tem de prestar contas ao Poder Legislativo do uso que conferiu ao dinheiro público que, na verdade, pertence ao povo. Fala-se, portanto, na função de controle externo que o Legislativo realiza sobre as contas prestadas pelo Executivo. Em âmbito municipal, o controle externo é exercido pela Câmara Municipal com o auxílio do Tribunal de Contas, ao qual compete o dever de elaborar um parecer prévio sobre as contas de governo anualmente prestadas pelo Prefeito e encaminhá-lo ao julgamento político da Câmara Municipal. À Corte de Contas compete, pois, o controle técnico das contas, através das fiscalizações contábil, financeira, orçamentária, operacional e patrimonial e à Câmara dos Vereadores, o controle político de tais contas. / To study The control over municipal accounts it is mandatory that a State has the principle of separation of powers as a cornerstone of its Constitution. Besides that each branch of Government has specific responsibilities, another reflection of Montesquieus theory of separation of Powers is the system of checks and balances, under which each branch of government controls the other to prevent abuse of power. In terms of public accounts, this reciprocated control is represented by the duty the Head of the Executive has to account for the destination of the public money, which belongs to the people, to the Legislative; i.e., the external control carried out by the Legislative Branch over the accounts of the Executive Branch. At municipal level, external control is carried out by the City Council and the Court of Auditors, which has to prepare a previous opinion on the government accounts annually presented by the Mayor and send it for the political judgment of the City Council. Thus, the Court of Auditors is responsible for the technical control of the accounts, running accounting, financial, budgetary, operational and equity audits, while the City Council is responsible for the political control thereof.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:55:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Adriana Ligia.pdf: 718667 bytes, checksum: b2197e762c06a245cca42623ea831bb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis is a study of social control from the perspective of Unified Social Assistance System (ITS) in order to perform an analysis of the performance of the Municipal Council of Social Service of São Luís (MA), considering that the space Councils while instances of social control of public policies have contributed over the years, with participatory processes involving different social subjects, inserted in various areas of struggle for rights guaranteed. As this analysis of the social control of Social Policy, in São Luís, we start from a theoretical-conceptual on Social Policy, social control, participation, Social Assistance Policy in Brazil and Maranhao as well as the configuration of ITS in Brazil and Maranhao. The study aimed to analyze the performance of the City Council of Social Welfare in São Luís (MA), with emphasis on the dynamics of formation, structure, possibilities and limits, as a forum for social control within the Social Care in St. Louis (MA). Besides this analysis, our study has proposed some challenges for the strengthening of social control within the City Council Social Services of St. Louis (MA), understanding the difficulties that occur within this Council and that the relations between state and civil society in this process are built collectively with bumps, discussions, a balance of forces, which aims to fight for rights and democratization of public policy. / Esta Dissertação constitui-se num estudo sobre o controle social na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), no intuito de realizar uma análise da atuação do Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social de São Luís (MA), considerando-se que o espaço dos Conselhos enquanto instâncias de exercício do controle social das políticas públicas vêm contribuindo, ao longo dos anos, com processos participativos que envolvem diferentes sujeitos sociais, inseridos nos mais variados espaços de luta por garantia de direitos. Como se trata da análise do controle social da Política de Assistência Social, no município de São Luís, partimos de uma fundamentação teórico-conceitual acerca da Política Social, do controle social, da participação, da Política de Assistência Social no Brasil e no Maranhão, bem como da configuração do SUAS no Brasil e no Maranhão. O estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar a atuação do Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social em São Luís (MA), com destaque à sua dinâmica de constituição, estrutura, possibilidades e limites, enquanto instância de controle social no âmbito da Assistência Social em São Luís (MA). Além da realização desta análise, nosso estudo propôs alguns desafios para o fortalecimento do controle social no âmbito do Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social de São Luís (MA), compreendendo as dificuldades que se processam no interior deste Conselho e que as relações estabelecidas entre Estado e sociedade civil nesse processo são construídas coletivamente com embates, discussões, numa correlação de forças, que tem em vista a luta por direitos e a democratização das políticas públicas

As Cartas de Datas de Terra são documentos fundamentais para o estudo da história da estrutura fundiária da cidade de São Paulo. Herança do período colonial persistente durante quase todo o século XIX, trata-se do meio de solicitação à Câmara de um lote de terreno no rossio - patrimônio municipal. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo desvendar os mecanismos teóricos e práticos através dos quais esses lotes foram concedidos após a lei nº 601 de 1850, a Lei de Terras. Para tanto, analisamos quarenta anos de práticas camarárias na tentativa de quantificar e qualificar os requerentes, espacializar as áreas de maior incidência das concessões, buscando verificar um possível padrão na distribuição dos lotes. A pesquisa acompanha todo o processo de transformação da terra em ativo financeiro em substituição ao escravo, cobrindo o período de 1850 a 1890, balizas cronológicas correspondentes respectivamente à Lei de Terras e ao Registro Torrens. O Registro Torrens estabeleceu novos procedimentos para o cadastramento de terras, viabilizando dessa forma a criação de uma base hipotecária sólida. Com a consolidação do crédito, a terra tornou-se ativo financeiro. Três anos após a criação desse cadastro, as concessões de datas de terra foram extintas, sinalizando o final de um processo de domínio útil ou relativo da terra (concessão) ao domínio pleno (propriedade privada). / Cartas de Datas de Terras documents are essential for the study of the constitution of the land structure of São Paulo. This legacy of the colonial period persisted throughout most of the 19th century, and it is the formal request for a piece of land whithin the rossio - land granted from the Chamber. This research aims to unravel the theoretical and practical mechanisms through which these lots were granted after the creation of law no. 601 in 1850, the Lei de Terras (Law of the Lands). Therefore, we have analyzed forty years of practice relating to the grating of City Council Datas (pieces of land) in an attempt to quantify and qualify applicants, stake out areas of higher incidence of concessions, seeking after a possible standard of distributing of lots. The research followed the whole process of land transformation into financial asset to replace the slaves as investments, covering the period from 1850 to 1890, chronological beacons corresponding respectively to the Lei de Terras and the Torrens Registration. The Torrens\' Registry established new procedures for registration of land, thus making possible the creation of a strong base mortgage. With this consolidation of credit, the land becomes a financial asset. Almost simultaneously to the creation of this registry, the procedure of granting pieces of land was extinguished signaling the end of a period marked by the useful domain of the land and replaced with the concept of full domain or private property.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-06T18:15:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tiagorattesdeandrade.pdf: 501169 bytes, checksum: b22e93b41450624676880cc6121651f7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-07T12:16:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tiagorattesdeandrade.pdf: 501169 bytes, checksum: b22e93b41450624676880cc6121651f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-07T12:16:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tiagorattesdeandrade.pdf: 501169 bytes, checksum: b22e93b41450624676880cc6121651f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-14 / O presente trabalho tem como primeiro objetivo analisar as transformações históricas da política de Assistência Social no Brasil desde a década de 1930, quando se estrutura no Brasil um particular regime de welfare state. Em decorrência de uma série de lutas políticas e transformações institucionais um novo modelo de assistência emerge com a constituição de 1988 e ganha regulamentação com a Lei Orgânica de Assistência Social de 1993. Dessas transformações inicia-se a partir de 2003 a criação e implantação do Sistema Único de Assistência Social no Brasil. O segundo objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o processo de implantação deste sistema no município de Juiz de Fora – MG. Para isso foram analisados estudos pré-existentes acerca da rede social do município e foi realizado um estudo de caso, através da analise de atas das reuniões do Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social e de um conjunto de entrevistas em profundidade com atores envolvidos neste processo a fim de analisar os desafios colocados para realização desta tarefa. / This dissertation wants to analyze the historic transformations of social works policy in Brasil since 1930, when is structured a unique system of welfare state. Due to a series of political struggles and institutional changes after 1988 Constitution and Social Work Organic Law regulation, in 1993, a new model of Social Assistance born. These changes will effectively start in 2003 with the creation and implementation of Social Assistance Unic System, called SUAS, in Brazil. Besides that, this dissertation analyzes the implementation of this system in a city, Juiz de Fora. Were analyzed the pre-existing knowledge of the social network in the city and performed a case study through the analysis of minutes of meetings of the Municipal Social Welfare and a set of deep interviews with actors involved in this process in order examine the challenges to this task.

The aim of this diploma thesis Transforming of Executive Coalitions in Prague in the Electoral Period 2010 - 2014 is to analyze influences, which have an important role in a process of establishing executive coalitions and also in their stability. The analysis is based on a classical theory of coalitions, discursive analysis, interviews with direct participants and on official documents. One of the aims is to describe the level of possibility in application of theoretical concepts of coalition theory in the area of Prague's political system. There are many points of view, from which we look at stability and forming of coalitions. For example, very important point of view is an influence of making and implementing politics or an influence of politicians from national level. A big importance is focused on negotiating between participants, their statements in media and their real steps and decisions. The intention of this thesis is not an invention of general model which should be applied on similar local system, but to explain and describe the uniqueness of Prague local system and the election period of 2010 - 2014.

The management of clinical waste is of great importance due to its infectious and hazardous nature that can cause risks on environment and public health. The study was conducted to evaluate clinical waste management practices and to determine the amount of waste generated in five purposively selected healthcare facilities in Gaborone City Council. The surveyed healthcare facilities were of different size, specialization and category and included a referral hospital, two clinics and two health posts. To examine clinical waste management practices the study employed a range of methods including questionnaire survey which targeted 105 stratified randomly selected healthcare workers and ancillary staff, formal interviews with facility managers, field observations and literature reviews. Compliance with the Botswana Clinical Waste Management Code of Practice, 1996 and Waste Management Act, 1998 and other related documents were used as standards to assess clinical waste management practices. The waste management practices were analysed for a week in each healthcare facility to capture the daily management practices. The generated clinical waste was weighed to compute the generation rates and was followed through the various management practices to the final disposal. Findings of the study revealed that clinical waste generation rates were: 0.75kg/patient/day for Princess Marina Hospital and 0.1 - 0.3kg/patient/day for clinics and health posts. Numerous aspects of clinical waste management were found to comply with the expected rules and standards at Princess Marina Hospital, but the clinics and health posts had less appropriate practices. Clinical waste generated at Princess Marina Hospital is quantified in reliable records and dedicated Infectious Control Officers are responsible for monitoring the management of clinical waste. The study revealed that clinics and health posts do not quantify clinical waste and there are no officers responsible for monitoring clinical waste and there are no documents for monitoring the management of clinical waste. The main treatment method of clinical waste for the surveyed healthcare facilities is incineration and it is being done properly. The study established that at least 80% of healthcare workers and ancillary staff have been vaccinated against hepatitis B and have received training in clinical waste management. Recommendations are given with the aim of improving clinical waste management practices in Gaborone City Council healthcare facilities. / Environmental Management / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This dissertation constructs a social history of African women in Cape Town from the vantage point of their varied attempts over the last five decades to map 'home' in the urban setting: in the physical structures of their homes; the character of their social and kinship networks; and in the ways a notion of 'place' was re-worked. An historiographical examination of existing research has shown that, especially in the South African context, much scope remains for a regionally specific historical analysis of the urbanisation process, and African women's unique role in it. The use of oral histories and the adoption of a trans-generational interviewing strategy have helped fashion a textured account of African women's settlement strategies, and the underlying social and personal transformations that their design and use suggested. 'First-generational' women, who entered Cape Town at mid-century, led an uncertain and highly regulated urban existence, by virtue of their enforced marginalisation under apartheid. Until the late-1980s, Cape Town retained a distinctive demographic composition, and an historical association as the 'home' of the Coloured population. This made state and local efforts to control the entry and residence of the minority African populace more coercive and successful, at least in the first two decades of apartheid rule. Despite these restrictions, African women constructed and managed a dense set of strategies which affirmed their material livelihoods in the city and increasingly enmeshed their identities in the workings of a modern and commoditised world. However, first-generational women also actively contested these developments to some extent, evident particularly in their efforts to regulate the movement of and compel financial support from their increasingly mobile daughters and granddaughters. Evidence from second and third-generational respondents show a growing reluctance to utilise first-generational women's settlement strategies and the conceptual frameworks which underpinned them. For instance, associational links were increasingly organised along non-racialised lines. Third-generational women's desire to establish residence in other areas of the city, or in other cities entirely, was indicative of a similar dynamic. This was also reflective of their embrace of mobility as an expression of greater economic and social freedoms possible in a post-apartheid world. This dissertation constructs a social history of African women in Cape Town from the vantage point of their varied attempts over the last five decades to locate 'home' in the urban setting. It charts the experiences of a group of women who first moved to Cape Town in the 1940s and 50s, and their children and grandchildren. My focus is on the way in which succeeding generations of women developed differing strategies of settlement, in the context of sometimes dramatic social and political change. The social as well as the physical elements of locating home are key elements in the analysis, including the redefinition of kinship and associational networks, as well as the re-casting of identities and a sense of place. Until the late 1980s, Cape Town retained a distinctive demographic composition, and an historical association as the 'home' of the Coloured- population. This made state and local efforts to control the entry and residence of the minority African populace more coercive and successful, at least in the first two decades of apartheid rule. Rather than painting a comprehensive portrait of urban African life in the apartheid era (1948- 1994), this dissertation hopes to map a few significant dynamics which were manifest in the encounters between a select group of African women and the distinctive terrain of this city during the apartheid years.

The study intended to investigate conflict management capacity in local government authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania. Specific objectives embrace to: identify types of conflict; find out causes of conflict within Tanzania LGAs; find out positive and negative effects of conflict; explore mechanisms available for conflict resolution; identify the problems encountered in resolving conflict; and recommend policy options and strategies for managing conflict in LGAs. Research questions included: what types of conflict persist in the city and municipal councils in Tanzania?; to what extent does conflict lead to the strengthening or weakening of the relationship between the councilors and the permanent public officials?; and what are the available mechanisms for conflict resolution? The study was conducted in Iringa Municipal Council and Tanga City Council using a case study design. This involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total number of 1012 respondents constituted a study sample. The research instruments included: observation, interviews, questionnaires, consultations with informants and informal discussions, focus group discussions and documentary reviews. The study found that conflict existed in the councils because of factors like inadequacy of funds, lack of transparency, lack of accountability and low level of education among the councillors. The available mechanisms for conflict resolution included: mediation, disciplinary committees, meetings, informal discussions, seminars and guidance and counselling. However, these mechanisms were not effectively used in managing conflict. Lastly, the respondents suggested measures for improving conflict resolution skills. They include: frequent meetings, provision of education and training, increased transparency, definition of roles through job descriptions, increased participatory decision-making, and increased sources of funds. / Public Administration / D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)

There is no historiography on Durban coloureds . This work is an attempt to change that . This dissertation is an urban study of a small coloured community in Greenwood Park (GWP) during the apartheid era - a study in which housing is used as a vehicle to examine this community's response to their changing economic and socio-political status from the 1950's to the 1970's. Because of the absence of historical data , this study relies heavily on the contributions of other social sciences . It also uses oral data to fill the many gaps in the story of this marginal group . Chapter 4 and 5 explores housing as a complex physical and social phenomenon. Chapter 6 explores the GWP community's response to their housing environment . In this chapter, the association between housing and socio-economic status is explored . From 1950 to the l 970's, housing became the single most defining entity which kept coloureds trapped in the vortex of privilege and oppression . / History / M. A. (History)

Introdução - O acelerado processo de urbanização provoca sobre os animais silvestres uma forte pressão, que fez com que a Prefeitura de São Paulo criasse por lei, em 1993, um serviço voltado à gestão desse recurso. Objetivo - Analisar as políticas públicas e a gestão da fauna silvestre nativa na Cidade de São Paulo, a fim de verificar se as mesmas trazem contribuições para as áreas de meio ambiente e saúde pública e podem servir de exemplo para outras localidades. Metodologia - Pesquisa do tipo qualitativa descritiva, por meio de um estudo de caso, para uma análise profunda sobre o tema empregando a pesquisa bibliográfica em bases de dados, pesquisa documental e consulta de dados disponíveis no Sistema de Informações da Fauna (SISFAUNA). Resultado - A Cidade de São Paulo conta com um serviço institucionalizado para a gestão da fauna, que fornece subsídios para a elaboração de políticas e estratégias de proteção e preservação ambiental e cumprimento da legislação, contribuindo com a área de educação e de pesquisas voltadas à saúde e bem estar dos animais e da população, dando publicidade dos resultados dos trabalhos. Conclusão - Compete ao Estado, nas suas diferentes esferas, proteger e preservar a fauna silvestre, e que a gestão da fauna deve ser realizada no âmbito dos estados e municípios integrantes do Sistema Nacional do Meio Ambiente (SISNAMA), desde que esses sejam aparelhados com um serviço institucionalizado para esta finalidade, visando garantir o cumprimento da legislação e a tomada de decisões locais, levando em consideração a fauna silvestre de seu território. / Introduction The accelerated urbanization process brings strong pressure to bear on wild animals, which prompted the São Paulo City Council to create by law, in 1993, a service geared towards the management of this resource. Objective - To analyze the public policies and the management of the native wild fauna in the City of São Paulo, in order to verify whether these make contributions to the environmental and public health areas and can serve as an example to other locations. Methodology - Research of the descriptive qualitative type, by means of a case study, for an in-depth analysis of the topic employing bibliographic research in databases, documental research and consultation of data available in the Fauna Information System (SISFAUNA). Result - The City of São Paulo has an institutionalized service for fauna management, which furnishes subsidies for the preparation of policies and strategies of environmental protection and preservation and compliance with the legislation, contributing to the area of education and of research focused on the health and well-being of animals and of the population, publicizing the results of the work. Conclusion - It is incumbent upon the State, in its different spheres, to protect and preserve wild fauna, and to ensure fauna management is performed in the sphere of the states and municipalities from the National Environmental System (SISNAMA), providing these have resource to an institutionalized service for this purpose, aiming to guarantee compliance with the legislation and local decision making, taking into consideration the wild fauna from their territory.