Orientador: Thomas Patrick Dwyer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T07:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_Fernandade_M.pdf: 2533063 bytes, checksum: 3f592139e58206d9bc97868396ea45bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Observando o Fórum Social Mundial (FSM) como um sujeito político que se utiliza da lógica das redes sociais para se organizar, a presente pesquisa procurou analisar sua rede lançando mão das ferramentas de Análise de Redes Sociais, de modo a melhor perceber os entraves à relação entre o local e o global intrínseco ao FSM, procurando respostas sobre os motivos para que grandes redes globais se fragmentem em redes locais, regionais ou nacionais. A hipótese que norteou essa pesquisa sugeria a existência de uma combinação entre dois elementos que conduziam à fragmentação nas redes globais, e que, permitiriam que a mesma assumisse um caráter local, mas se relacionasse globalmente com as demais. Desta forma as agendas temáticas e as movimentações do FSM via fóruns regionais e temáticos foram problematizadas a partir da relação local/global e permitiram constatar um padrão de relacionamento estruturador das relações na "sociedade civil global". Finalmente, através da operacionalização dos conceitos de "flexibilização" e "tradução" nas agendas das organizações que compõem a rede do FSM percebeu-se um movimento de fragmentação espontânea do Fórum assegurando assim a sua continuidade e não a extinção, como se acreditava inicialmente. Esse movimento foi, portanto, confirmado com a observância de um processo de reprodução e constante adequação de agendas e contextos de modo a envolver a sociedade civil sob bandeiras de trabalho aproximadas entre si, sugerido quase como uma reprodução do mesmo em distintas escalas. / Abstract: By observing the World Social Forum (WSF) as a political entity that uses the social network logic to organize itself, this research sought to analyze its network by employing Social Networks Analysis tools in order to better understand the barriers imposed to the relationship between the local and global aspects intrinsic to the WSF, searching for answers to the reasons for which large global networks are fragmented in local, regional or national ones. The hypothesis that guided this research suggested the existence of a combination of two factors leading to the fragmentation of global networks and that consequently would allow them to assume a local character, yet globally dealing with their counterparts. Bearing that in mind, both the thematic agenda and the movements of the WSF over regional forums were problematized from the perspective of a local/global relationship, enabling the establishment of a pattern that structures the relations in the "global civil society." Finally, a spontaneous fragmentation movement of the Forum was observed through the operation of the "flexibility" and "translation" concepts on the agenda of the organizations that comprise the WSF, thus ensuring its continuity rather than its extinction, opposing previous belief. This movement was thus confirmed through the observation of a reproduction process and a constant adaptation of the agenda and its contexts such that the the civil society is embraced in closely related ideas of action, mostly suggesting a reproduction of the same in different scales. / Mestrado / Cultura e Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política

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No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciajobimsantos.pdf: 1162164 bytes, checksum: f558c756c1a0edbc049e5759f15e039e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Foi com base no método crítico dialético de Marx que analisamos os processos históricos das transformações societárias ocorridos na atualidade e suas implicações para a profissão de Serviço Social a partir do processo de reestruturação produtiva sob o ideário neoliberal, que delineou novos contornos para o mercado de trabalho, incluindo o dos assistentes sociais, com exigências de novas atribuições, funções, bem como requisitos e habilidades, sob novas condições e relações de trabalho. Entender o novo processo de desenvolvimento do sistema capitalista, caracterizado pela mundialização do capital, desenvolvido no contexto de uma grave crise estrutural que se configurou nos anos 1970/1980 provocando mudanças radicais no processo de produção e reprodução do capital e no mundo do trabalho é fundamental. Esse novo período capitalistase desenvolve no bojo de uma profunda crise de superprodução, que neste contexto vai incidir diretamente nas relações entre o Estado e a sociedade, que foram diretamente influenciados “pelas exigências do mercado mundial sob o comando do capital financeiro” (IAMAMOTO, 2008, p. 142). O novo contexto de reestruturação produtiva passa a determinar um conjunto de mudanças no padrão de respostas à questão social, desencadeando um processo expansivo de precarização, mercantilização e refilantropização do atendimento de necessidades sociais, a partir da transferência de responsabilidades do Estado para o âmbito do mercado e do “terceiro setor” ─ este último despontando como espaço sócio-ocupacional para o assistente social, materializando limites, desafios e possibilidades objetivas de trabalho. O objeto de investigação, portanto, a ser analisado nesta pesquisa, é o trabalho do assistente social em Organizações Não Governamentais (ONG’s). O objetivo é apreender os processos e formas pelos quais o trabalho do profissional de Serviço Social é desenvolvido no âmbito destes espaços no município de Juiz de Fora, bem como os desafios que são postos para os profissionais nestes espaços, que vêm ocupando um número expressivo de assistentes sociais nos últimos anos. Esta pesquisa permitirá ampliar os conhecimentos acerca do trabalho dos assistentes sociais em ONG’s, temática atual que expressa a necessidade do posicionamento ético-político dos assistentes sociais. / It was based on Marx's dialectical method critical that we analyze the historical processes of societal transformations occurring today and its implications for the profession of Social Work from the restructuring process under the neoliberal ideology, which drew new boundaries for the labor market including social workers, demanding new powers, duties, and skills requirements and, under new conditions and labor relations. Understanding the new development process of the capitalist system, characterized by the globalization of capital, developed in the context of a serious structural crisis that set in the years 1970/1980 causing radical changes in the production and reproduction of capital and the world of work is fundamental. This new period capitalistase develops in the midst of a profound crisis of overproduction, which in this context will focus directly on the relationship between state and society, which were directly influenced "by the demands of the world market under the command of finance capital" (Iamamoto, 2008, p. 142). The new context of the restructuring process is to determine a set of changes in the pattern of responses to social issues, triggering an expansive process of casualization, commodification and refilantropização of meeting social needs, from the transfer of responsibilities from the state to the extent the market and the "third sector" ─ the latter emerging as space for socio-occupational social worker, materializing limits, challenges and possibilities objective work. The object of investigation, therefore, to be analyzed in this research is the work of social workers in nongovernment organizations (NGOs). The goal is to understand the processes and forms by which the work of professional social work is developed within these spaces in the city of Juiz de Fora, as well as the challenges that are put in these spaces for professionals who have been occupying a significant number of social workers in recent years. This research will expand the knowledge about the work of social workers in NGOs, current issues that expressed the need for ethical-political social workers.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-18T12:18:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 wagnerjoseserraomaia.pdf: 1216741 bytes, checksum: 6a8207633d215f77014604b3ad7e2a63 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-18T12:50:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 wagnerjoseserraomaia.pdf: 1216741 bytes, checksum: 6a8207633d215f77014604b3ad7e2a63 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T12:50:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 wagnerjoseserraomaia.pdf: 1216741 bytes, checksum: 6a8207633d215f77014604b3ad7e2a63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-21 / A presente dissertação é desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão em estudo refere-se à discussão dos problemas relacionados às dificuldades que interferem na implementação do Conselho Municipal de Educação do Município de Urucurituba, Estado do Amazonas. Os aprofundamentos decorrentes destes estudos foram estruturados em três capítulos. No Capítulo 1, fez-se a descrição dos aspectos situacionais a partir de um caso de gestão, o que implicou em estudos dos documentos oficiais e caracterização dos sujeitos a fim de se ter uma compreensão das evidências que culminam em tais dificuldades decorrentes da não participação social e suas implicações no processo educacional do referido município. A par dos dados adquiridos na pesquisa documental, articulou-se, no Capítulo 2, o percurso metodológico da pesquisa qualitativa, a escolha da entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado como instrumento de pesquisa a qual foi aplicada a gestores, professores, conselheiros e comunitários considerando o modelo do ciclo de políticas (CONDÉ, 2012) tendo como referencial metodológico as reflexões de Duarte (2002). As análises fundamentadas na visão dos sujeitos abordados nos instrumentos de pesquisa foram ancoradas em autores que detém aprofundamentos no assunto, destacando: Cury (2006), Verne, Andrade e Thum (2008), Alves (2005), Gohn (2004 e 2006), Gadotti e Romão, (1993), Diegues (2013), Andrade (2010), Souza e Faria (2004), Souza e Vasconcelos (2006) que advogam a importância dos Conselhos como espaço de participação social no contexto do município com ênfase nos princípios que regem a democracia, a autonomia e a cidadania relacionados ao estudo da atuação dos Conselhos Municipais de Educação. Nesta perspectiva, foi possível perceber que há um conceito social local de que a atuação do Conselho Municipal de Educação é somente de natureza fiscalizadora propensa a gerar conflitos com a gestão municipal no que tange à formulação de políticas locais, o que resulta em uma cultura de absenteísmo participativo. Tendo em vista esta problemática levantada com fulcro em uma visão distorcida quanto ao papel, funções e atribuições do CME/Urucurituba propomos, no Capítulo 3, um plano com ações sistemáticas, articuladas e integradas constituída de 07 (sete) estratégias com parcerias entre a Secretaria Municipal de Educação, a CME/Urucurituba e a comunidade, todas direcionadas, no contexto da prática, às causas geradoras do problema nas quais pretende-se promover o interesse participativo da sociedade local neste colegiado que permeiam todo o processo em que o caso se insere. / This thesis is developed in the Professional Master in Management and Education Assessment (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policy and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The case management study refers to the discussion of the problems related to difficulties affecting the implementation of the Municipal Council of the City of Urucurituba Education, State of Amazonas. The insights resulting from these studies were structured in three chapters. In Chapter I, I made the description: situational aspects from a case management, which resulted in studies of official documents and characterization of the subjects in order to have an understanding of evidence to culminate in such difficulties arising from non social participation and its implications in the educational process of the municipality. Along with the data acquired in documentary research, was articulated in Chapter II, the methodological approach of qualitative research, the choice of semi-structured interview as a research tool which was applied to managers, teachers, counselors and community considering the cycle model policies (Condé, 2012) and the methodological framework reflections Duarte (2002). Analyses based on the vision of the covered subjects in research instruments were anchored in authors who holds insights on the subject highlighting: Cury (2006), Verne, Andrade and Thum (2008), Alves (2005), Gohn (2004 and 2006), Gadotti and Romao (1993), Diegues (2013), Andrade (2010), and Souza Faria (2004), Souza and Vasconcelos (2006) advocating the importance of councils as social participation space in the city of context with emphasis on the principles of democracy, autonomy and citizenship related to the study of the performance of Municipal Education Councils. In this regard, it is noted that there is a local social concept that the actions of the City Board of Education is the supervisory nature likely only to generate conflicts with the municipal administration regarding the formulation of local policies, resulting in a culture of participatory absenteeism. In view of this problem raised with fulcrum in a distorted view of the role, functions and powers of the CME / Urucurituba propose, in Chapter III, a plan, systematic actions, articulated and integrated composed of seven (07) Partitioned strategies for Secretariat Municipal Education, CME / Urucurituba and community all focused on the practical context, the generating causes of the problem in which it is intended to promote participatory interest of the local society in this board that permeate the whole process in the case is part.

Ce travail tente d’analyser de quelle manière la communauté politique cherche en vain l’unité et l’entente, quelle représentation le cinéma en général et celui de Chris Marker en particulier donnent à cette recherche, ainsi qu’aux rapports entre les différents acteurs de cette communauté (Etat, société civile), au fonctionnement de celle-ci, aux événements qui la traversent (révoltes, révolutions, guerres). Il étudie aussi comment l’utopie, désir de fonder des communautés plus justes, se trouve au coeur du destin de l’humanité, à tel point que les pouvoirs, les idéologies et les totalitarismes ont toujours su manipuler cette aspiration, en utilisant, par exemple, le cinéma pour rendre compte d‘une union, en apparence réalisée, de la communauté politique. Cette thèse examine encore la place de l’individu et les différentes formes de regroupement social se trouvant, selon les cas, à l’intérieur ou en dehors de la communauté politique. Elle rend compte enfin de l’originalité d’une oeuvre exceptionnelle d’un point de vue politique, celle du cinéaste Chris Marker. / This work tries to analyse how the political community searches in vain for unity and harmony ; how cinema in general, and that of Chris Marker in particular, portrays this search, as well as the relationships between different actors of this community (state, civil society), its workings, and the events which run through it (uprisings, revolutions and wars). It also considers how utopia - the wish to create fairer communities - is at the heart of mankind’s destiny, so much so that authorities, ideologies and totalitarianisms have always been able to manipulate this aspiration, for instance by using cinema to show a seemingly accomplished union of the political community. Then, this thesis examines the place of the individual and the different types of social gathering being, depending on circumstances, within or outside of the political community. It finally shows the originality of a politically exceptional work, that of the filmmaker Chris Marker.

The thesis looks at the process of setting up a platform between civil society and public sector where the intention is for stakeholders to have a dialogue around different solutions to societal issues. The second component involves the legal arrangement where government uses public procurement to buy a service from a civil society organisation. The thesis explores what motivates this process and what some of the consequences are for the stakeholders. The discussion takes its stance in the conflict between civil society as a voice bearer of specific societal issues or as a service deliverer towards government. It also looks at whom partake in this process and whom gets left out. The thesis looks at the policy documents at a national and regional level and as well compare two regions with one being considered the “best practice” region. Informants from the Värmland region where interviewed and their impressions where compared to the policy documents and some keywords.  The thesis concluded that the stakeholders partaking in general are positive towards the process but that there are institutional setups that could be better dealt with to handle issues of power imbalances and exclusion.

Les droits de l’homme sont véritablement nés sous la plume des Constituants français lors de la révolution de 1789. Ils sont le produit d’un long processus de maturation de la conception du droit, qui a commencé depuis le jusnaturalisme classique en passant par le droit divin pour aboutir au jusnaturalisme moderne, le droit naturel, qui reconnaît à l’homme des droits qu’il possède par sa nature. Après avoir fait l’objet de critiques souvent virulentes, les droits de l’homme ont gagné du terrain. De nombreux textes les ont consacrés aussi bien au niveau international que régional, et ont fait l’objet de constitutionnalisation dans des Etats démocratiques. Ainsi, leur revendication est devenue universelle. Mais dernière cette universalité théorique se cache une réalité pratique catastrophique. Ils sont partout permanemment et abondamment bafoués. En effet, l’obstacle fondamental qui s’obstrue à leur universalisation est la mondialisation capitaliste. Cette dernière, de par son organisation selon la seule logique du marché, génère des difficultés d’ordre culturel, économique et politique, qui privent les hommes des capacités de pouvoir jouir de leurs droits. Mais force est de reconnaître que ces difficultés qui font de la pratique universelle et effective des droits de l’homme un vœu pieux sont loin d’être une fatalité. Ainsi, pour une universalisation réelle de cette norme, il faut une refonte du système mondial en substituant à la mondialisation économique la mondialisation des droits de l’homme. / Human rights are really born with the writings of French Constituents during the 1789 revolution. These rights are the outcome of a long process of maturity of the conception of the right, which started since the classical jusnaturalisme through the divine right to result in modern jusnaturalisme, the modern natural right, which recognize for man rights by his nature. In fact, after being subject of poignant criticisms, the human rights have gained ground. They have been made legal by many bills of rights at the international as well as the regional level, and they have been constitutional thanks to democratic states. So their claim has become universal. But behind this theoretical universality is hidden a catastrophic practical reality. They are permanently and strongly violated. In fact, the fundamental obstacle which hinders the universalisation of these rights is the capitalistic globalization. This one, from its organization according to the only one logic of the market, raises difficulties of cultural, economic and political nature which prevent men from being able to enjoy their rights. But these difficulties which make the effective and universal practical of the human rights impossible are not a fatality. In fact, for a real universalisation of this norm we must remake the mondial system in substituting at the economical globalization the human rights globalization.

The purpose of this thesis is to conceptualize the idea of a “digital civil society”. During the latest half-century, technological developments in the areas of information and communication have been increasingly ingrained in everyday-life of many people. Not surprisingly, politics have also been affected by these developments. The concept of a global civil society is getting increasingly fashionable, and it is my belief that this global civil society in many ways is related to the technological developments manifested in the digital revolution. From this point of departure, it is my intent to depict the idea of a digital civil society within a conceptual framework substantiated by a number of cases of collective action where the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) has been instrumental. By doing this, my intention is to see if, and how, the ICT revolution is altering civil society organization, mobilization, advocacy and action. The essay has five parts. First, there is a brief introduction of the subject where the main research issues are put forward. The second part describes the methodology and defines the central concepts; global civil society, globalization and the ICT revolution. This framework, elaborated more thoroughly in part three, will serve as both goal and means for the research as it constitutes the research method as well as a potential basis for further research in the area. In part four, a number of cases of civil society collective action are portrayed and analyzed in connection to the conceptual framework. In some of these cases, ICT is used as a way to support and supplement more traditional “offline” collective action whereas in the second part of this chapter, cases of more pure “online action” are described. With the features and characteristics of these case studies in mind, the aim is to identify tendencies supporting the idea of a possibly emerging digital civil society. In the last chapter, there is a discussion concerning the potential characteristics and outcomes of such a digital civil society. I also present a model describing the logic of the conceptual framework and the processes and concepts which are central to this study. My conclusions are meant to create an environment conducive to further research on the subjects I have studied. First, it appears as if the logic of “networking” as power structure within civil society is favourable for organization, participation, communication, mobilization and action. As such, the networked, dynamic and horizontal character of the Internet seems to influence the organizational character of many civil society entities. Secondly, the Internet’s ability to allow for many-to-many communication seems to contribute to a broader and more inclusive way to debate issues of all kinds. Thirdly, ICT in some ways appears to “individualize” collective action, a development possibly related to the individual and isolating character of Internet use itself and the relative anonymity which can be enjoyed online. In sum, these findings suggest that the idea of a digital civil society broadens the base of collective action and, to some extent, reduces the costs of participation.

L’objectif de cette étude consistait à explorer la contradiction naissante entre d’une part, la politique de l’eau menée au Cameroun depuis l’indépendance et d’autre part, les réalités urbaines de contrôle et d’usage informels de l’eau. Les concepts de « gouvernance » et de « communauté » ont été utilisés pour analyser comment les populations affirmaient, de façon individuelle ou collective, leurs droits sur l’eau et comment de telles revendications étaient légitimées. Les concepts de « négociabilité » et de « flexibilité » ont permis de comprendre comment les droits d’utilisation et d’accès à l’eau étaient négociés et contestés en fonction de conditions changeantes. Le concept de « société civile » a été employé pour refléter le caractère multi scalaire du pouvoir et sa normalisation dans des réseaux de la vie quotidienne, régulant ainsi les pratiques et les relations sociales. Les résultats montrent l’existence d’un grand nombre d’arrangements institutionnels de niveau local qui régissent l’accès à l’eau potable dans les communautés. Les leaders traditionnels, les représentants élus et les comités de gestion des points d’eau potable tendent à se compléter dans le développement et l’application des arrangements institutionnels. L’étude conclut que l’informalité des institutions et des droits de propriété dans la gouvernance de l’eau des petites villes semblent entretenir des situations socio-économiques complexes. Il s’agit là d’un point commun entre les trois sites étudiés. En définitive, la multiplication des acteurs de l’eau a débouché sur une sorte de chevauchement des compétences de contrôle et de gestion tant dans l’espace que dans le temps. / The objective of this study was to explore the emerging contradiction between on the one hand, the water policy conducted in Cameroon since independence and secondly, the urban realities of “informal” water control and use on the other. The concepts of "governance" and "community" were used to analyze how people individually or collectively claimed, their water rights and how such claims were legitimized while the negotiability/flexibility and hybrid concepts were used to analyze how resource rights and access are negotiated (informal and formal) and contested in view of changing conditions. The concept of "civil society" was used to reflect the multiscale nature of power and its standardization in networks of daily life, thereby regulating the practices and social relations. Results show that there are a number of local level institutional arrangements that govern access to potable water in communities which may vary depending on the source, ownership (privately owned or communally owned) interest and the purpose for which the water will be used. Traditional leaders, “elected” leaders and the relevant water point committees tend to complement each other in developing institutional arrangements and enforcing these. The study concludes that the informality of institutions and property rights in small town water governance harbor complex socio-economic situations, which is a common feature in the three study sites (Bali, Bafou and Kumbo), where rights overlap in both time and space with a variety of different degrees of intensity being applied in the management of different water schemes. Such processes are not predictable, because of the specific characteristics of each community, and one has to deal with setbacks and conflicts.

Magister Commercii - MCom / The aim is to deepen the South African democracy at all levels of government. However, as local government is “the closest to the people” it is regarded by government as the most appropriate sphere to implement participatory democracy mechanisms. Pertaining to this, ward committees were introduced as the main participatory vehicle of local governance and in addition, the government has also implemented alternative instruments such as izimbizos and the integrated development planning (IDP) process to engage citizens in local governance.

This research tested the perception of Christian parents framing of gender and sexual identities in Duduza, Nigel. The researcher conducted the quantitative research based on the theoretical framework and measured it by means of variables and questions through the development of a questionnaire. The triangulation questions from the literature review were included in the questionnaire. The quantitative data collected was in the form of numbers. The literature review was completed to find out what had previously been written about the dependant variable, and to clarify and define concepts contained in the dependant variable, as well as to examine the independent variables and their elements influencing the dependant variable. The study provides the recommendation for the Christians denominations towards influencing change in the Christian parents’ framing of gender and sexual identities in Duduza, Nigel.