The objective of this thesis is to examine the legal procedures and systems concerning granting or possessing mineral rights, and how such rights may be exercised, particularly given the diametric interests of land use, ownership and land tenure. The study, comparative in its nature, aims at highlighting the similarities and differences between the countries and states of comparison, and thereby identify interesting solutions of issues relating to the granting and exercising of mineral rights. The study examines mineral rights and different legal systems regulating mineral exploration and exploitation. The focus is on mining and mineral legislation and its application, including the exercise of mineral rights. The systems chosen are those of Sweden, Finland and the states of Ontario and Western Australia. The main result is generated by the comparison dealing with the application, granting and possession of mineral rights related to the development of a mine. Several processes are thereby identified. In addition, the content and extent of the different rights and obligations related to exploration and exploitation activities are examined, as well as land areas open or closed for the exercise of these rights. The legal processes concerning granting mineral rights are in fact complex as evidenced by this work, particularly when land-use and environmental legislation is taken into account. The perception of a good balance in legislation between diametric interests of land use, ownership and land tenure is heavily linked to the view of sustainable development. The difficulties of achieving this are confirmed by the countries and states compared. The continuous change of mineral legislation during the course of this study is an indication of the complexity of the topic. / QC20100723

This interdisciplinary thesis combines psychological and transportation planning knowledge. Three main questions are investigated: 1) What concepts and ideas do people have with regard to a public transportation system (cognitive user perspective)?; 2) What orientation and information factors within the public transportation system enhance Ease-of-Use and make it simpler and more efficient to use public transportation in metropolitan areas?; 3) How can Ease-of-Use of a public transportation route be measured? A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Between 2002 and 2007 a total of nine different studies were conducted: An in-depth study on a single exchange student, an interview study with exchange students, a questionnaire study on exchange students, a before-after interview study with travellers on selected bus stops, an before-after telephone interview study on residents, an expert questionnaire study via email, a behaviour observation study on travellers, a before-after questionnaire study on travellers on a tram line, and an on-board questionnaire study. To analyse the cognitive user perspective the term memory representation was introduced, that includes cognitive maps of and additional knowledge about a public transportation system such as service frequency. Memory representation is influenced by experience. Three learning phases in an unknown public transportation system are proposed and a general information search script is described. A new approach is presented regarding the organisation of public transportation knowledge: The ground level is that there exists a public transportation option, the next level is the identification of the mode of transport and at the highest level of the hierarchy is the code for the line. Within the second level, the public transportation mode, a hierarchical structure of public transportation option knowledge is proposed. Three factors are postulated that contribute to the extent to which a line is represented in people’s memory: visibility, straight route layout and labelling. Which orientation and information factors within the public transportation system enhance Ease-of-Use, i.e. match the cognitive user perspective? It was found that trunk bus lines enhanced Ease-of-Use and at-stop real-time information can have various positive effects. The role of good maps is explained and stretched and the importance of consistent information throughout the travel chain is also pointed out. In addition, many valuable concrete hints are given with regard to how to match the system properly with the cognitive user perspective. Undoubtedly, an interaction exists between system and user and they influence each other. This is where the third research question comes in: How can Ease-of-Use in public transportation systems be measured? The iterative process of defining and measuring Ease-of-Use resulted in a scale that measured the defined concept well with good reliability and validity. The final discussion highlights the contribution to science of this thesis and presents some possible paths for further research. The thesis consists of a summary and eight papers. / QC 20100621

The following report is based on the fact that we today aren´t building enough small apartments with the right of tenancy around the country. Numbers show that many young people and students will be in need of an apartment in the upcoming years. Because we already have a lack of small apartments in many of the student cities we have to find a solution today. Could module apartments be the solution? The report is a part of a project, which with the help of industrial building and its prerequisites, smaller apartments in module form has been planned. The apartments, are as far as possible, standardized but concludes a flexibility in the shaping which creates possibilities for different solutions. The apartments can be combined in different ways for use at different sites. In the project the quarter Järnbäraren has been used as a plot example, where the apartments have been used as student housing. The report describes the theoretical reasons to why you should use industrial building and what it takes for it to be a successful concept. It also contains analysis of earlier projects which can be compared with this one. The report also includes historical aspects on the development of industrial buildings during the 20th century and how the housing market has changed over the past years. The report shows the thoughts and speculations that lies behind the decisions which have been made during the project. It also works as a description of the prerequisites in the project. Most prerequisites came from the company Moelven, who there have been a cooperation with since the start of the project. The result has shown that it is possible to develop module apartments with high quality despite standardization and cost conscious thoughts. Since it is the technical parts in the apartment that is the biggest cost for the module, you’re able to increase dwelling space improve the quality in the apartment without the rent being raised and be absurd for example students.

The sun is an endless energy source and the heat it produces can be used to heatup our homes. This technology is relatively old and was introduced in the late70-s. There are two kinds of solar collectors that are most frequently used todayand these are plain solar collectors and vacuum solar collectors. The plain solarcollectors are the once that are used the most but the vacuum solar collectorshave increased more as a percentage the last couple of years.The biggest question asked regarding an investment in solar heating is if theplant is economically profitable. This question has no direct answer because itis dependent on a couple of prerequisites. These prerequisites are for examplewhich the existing heating system is used for the house, the accumulator tankbeing used and the houses orientation to mention a few.An investment in solar heating can be considered if the existing heating systemis either oil heating or direct electrical heating. The ground for this is that theprices for these fuels have increased a great deal in the last couple of years andbecause of that solar heating can be competitive. On the contrary, if you havean existing system that is either wood heating, pellets or long-distance heatingthe investment in solar collectors would not in most cases be profitable. Otherreasons could be current here like the environmental winnings. The sun is aclean and “free” heating method and this has been the reason why some peoplehave decided to invest in it. The energy that is produced by the solar collectorsis free and the economical calculation is based on the investment cost, whichoften is expensive, spread over the life-span of the system.There have been state funds to apply for over the years. These have caused theinvestment cost to sink for the plants ant the interest to increase. There are acouple of state funds to apply for and these can not be combined. The one mostcommonly used is SFS 2000:287 – förordning om statligt bidrag tillinvesteringar I solvärme that was introduced in the year 2000 and concernedsolar heating. This is a contribution that is bound to the yearly heat exchangethe plant can produce and it can, at most, give 7 500 Swedish crowns in funds.This regulation was replaced in the year 2008 by the regulation SFS 2008:1247– Förordning om stöd för investeringar I solvärme that is a similar edict wherethe difference lies in the calculation process for the amount of the funds that aregiven for the plant. As in the earlier regulation the maximum amount of thecontribution is 7 500 Swedish crowns per household.A new state fund contribution is proposed where the changes are to increase thecontribution to 3,90 kr per kWh with a maximum amount of 12 000 kr perhouse. The contribution will not include bigger projects and will extend over aperiod of 4 years with a total budget of 160 000 000 kr.

We live in a time where the influence of citizens is taking a larger role in the spatial  planning. The Swedish laws, such as PBL, deals with matters of citizen participation  which advocates that the youth should be included in the consultation circuit, but there is  no directive given.   The report's purpose is to demonstrate methods for how to get the young people's  influence included in the spatial planning, with a main focus on the ages between 13 and  21. On the base of literature and two case studies, the goal is to illustrate how to integrate  young people through a meeting place in Jonkoping, Sweden.  The report is structured along with an analysis based on the literature, two case studies  from previous projects and discussions/interviews with young people from four selected  areas in Jonkoping.   The case studies from Malmo and Gothenburg show how the cooperation between  different participants can be organized during the planning and how to give the users a  greater involvement.  Based on literature and case studies, we carried out a field analysis of the four most  segregated areas of Jonkoping; Osterangen, Oxnehaga, Ekhagen and Raslatt. Young  people in these areas were interviewed, as a basis for a proposal for a new all-activity  center at the expended location of Kungsang School.  During this project, the following three issues were investigated:   In what need are young people of a meeting place in Jonkoping?   Our research has proved that there is no greater connection between the young people in  Jönköping, because the young people appear generally in their own neighborhoods.  Therefore, segregation patterns are created and there is a need for a common meeting  place, a place in the municipality of Jönköping would be of great value to promote  integration between young people.  What can an all-activity house contribute to in Jonkoping?  An all-activity house which is available for everyone would contribute to what young  people are missing, by being a meeting place for everyone in the municipality of  Jonkoping.  Based on literature studies we believe that an all-activity house will break the segregation  pattern and reduce the distinction between "us" and "them", which will result in a more  integrated environment. By involving young people from the beginning until the end of  the projects, their influence will increase and it will give a wider understanding of their  neighborhoods and needs. This should be done through meetings and open dialogues  between users and planners. To assessment the degree of influence, Arnstein’s step  model can be used. An all-activity house with a wide range of activities benefits the  participants’ health by making them active and enabling conditions for movement.  School activities are not sufficient for young people to fully develop competencies, such  as sport accomplishments, playing instruments and artistic abilities. To have an activity  benefiting a person's health, the requirements is to gradually develop the person's abilities  based on active learning, engage in various types of exercises and have clear goals. The  school's activities do not have this kind of structure and it is therefore important that  young people have the opportunity outside of school and in the very neighborhood.    How can you precede the work of involving the youth in the spatial planning?  In real practice, the young people’s influence is not included during the whole planning  stage, only in the very beginning. This is considered as manipulation. To fulfill the co-  degree of influence, it requires that young people are involved and enthused through the  implementing-, planning- and management stage. The best way to capture young people's  thoughts, ideas and experiences is to use methods such as recreational centers, mental-  maps, walking trips or internet communication. / Vi lever i en tid då medborgarnas inflytande börjar ha en större betydelse under  projekteringsskedet. De svenska lagarna som exempelvis PBL, behandlar frågor kring  medborgarinflytande genom att förespråka att barn och ungdomar skall ingå i  samrådskretsen, men de anvisar ingen särskild metod.  Rapportens syfte är att visa på arbetsmetoder för hur man kan öka ungdomars inflytande  i planeringsprocessen, med fokus på åldersgrupperna 13-21 år. Målet är att utifrån  litteraturstudier och två fallstudier, belysa hur man integrerar ungdomar för att sedan ge  förslag om en mötesplats i form av ett all-aktivitetshus i Jönköpings kommun.   Rapporten består av en litteraturstudie, två fallstudier av genomförda projekt, samt  samtal och intervjuer med ungdomar från fyra utvalda områden i Jönköping.  Två fallstudier från Malmö och Göteborg visar hur samarbetet kan organiseras mellan de  olika aktörerna i planeringsprocessen och hur man kan ge brukarna ett större  medbestämmande.   Baserat på litteratur- och fallstudier genomfördes en områdesanalys över de fyra mest  segregerade områdena i Jönköping: Österängen, Öxnehaga, Ekhagen och Råslätt.  Ungdomar i dessa områden intervjuades, som underlag för ett förslag till ett nytt all-  aktivitetshus på den nedlagda Kungsängsskolans område.  Under arbetets gång har följande frågeställningar utreds:     Vilket behov har ungdomar av en mötesplats i Jönköpings kommun?   Vår forskning har visat att det inte existerar något större samband mellan ungdomarna i  Jönköpings kommun, utan dem flesta ungdomarna uppehåller sig inom sina egna  områden. Vi kan se hur ett segregationsmönster har skapats och att det finns ett behov  av en gemensam mötesplats, en mötesplats i Jönköpings kommun skulle därför ha ett  stort värde för att främja integrationen mellan ungdomarna.   Vad kan ett all-aktivitetshus bidra med/leda till i Jönköping ?   Ett all-aktivitetshus som framför allt är kostnadsfri och öppen för alla skulle fylla ut det  som ungdomarna saknar genom att vara en mötesplats för alla inom Jönköpings  kommun. Baserat på litteraturstudierna menar vi att ett all-aktivitetshus kan bryta  segregations mönstret och minska gränsdragningen mellan ”vi” och ”de”, vilket kan leda  till en mer integrerad miljö. Genom att involvera ungdomar i de tre olika  projekteringsskedena ökar deras inflytande och man får större förståelse kring deras  område och behov. Detta bör göras genom möten och öppna dialoger mellan brukare  och planerare. Bedömning av inflytandegraden kan göras utifrån Arnsteins stegmodell.  Ett all-aktiviteshus med ett stort utbud av aktiviteter hade gynnat de delaktigas hälsa  genom att göra de aktiva och möjliggöra förutsättningar för rörelse. Skolans aktiviteter,  som exempelvis idrott, är inte tillräckliga för att ungdomar skall utveckla kompetenser  fullt ut, inom t.ex. sportliga prestationer, instrumentspelning och konstnärliga förmågor.  Då en aktivitet ska gynna en persons hälsa så krävs det att aktiviteten gradvis utvecklar  personens förmågor, bygger på en aktiv inlärning, bedriver olika typer av övningar och  har tydliga mål. Skolans aktiviteter saknar denna aktivitetsstruktur och det är därför  viktigt att ungdomar har denna möjlighet utanför skolan och i självaste bostadsområdet.   Hur kan man gå tillväga för att öka ungdomars inflytande i planeringen?  Vid verkliga projekt är det vanligt att man involverar ungdomar endast under  planeringsskedet, detta anses som manipulation. För att uppfylla kravet på verkligt  medbestämmande krävs att ungdomarna ska vara med under genomförandes-,  planerings- och förvaltningsskedet. För att på bästa möjliga sätt fånga upp ungdomars  tankar, idéer och upplevelser kan man använda sig av metoder som fritidsverkstäder,  mental-maps, gå-tur och ungdomskanaler på internet.

The purpose is to understand the planning process for residential buildings and toinvestigate the consequences of the choices made in the process. The project will alsoprovide broader knowledge in the design and development under the current law andpractice.The goal is to present a proposal on how a city near the site where water can bedesigned from a sustainable perspective. How can a residential neighborhood be anenvironmentally sound and sustainable region? New systems and techniques havebeen presented previously in terms of sustainable environments and these are intendedof being used in the project Quarter Water-mirror.The project has been implemented on the computer program ArchiCAD in whichdrawings and visualizations have been carried out. These drawings are included asannexes to the report.For information, calculations and drawings, laws for physical planning and Swedishstandard have been followed.Residential buildings have been designed on a site, which is 2, 5 hectares. This area isexploited to a large extent, have generous space and environmentally friendlyachievements. The sustainable development of the area is supposed to contribute tolong-term management. To create an attractive and interesting environment, a channelhas been incorporated into the field.In the planning has availability, guest/ private parking, infrastructure and in the land,the farm formations, water and solar studies taken into account where the Planningand Building Act has been a starting point.Apartments have been presented with regard to the functioning, transparency andlight. When these factors were crucial in the case of a well-resolved data.The investigations made that refined solutions, including waste disposal, diversion ofwater, etc. existed. These methods will not necessarily be used in Quarter Watermirrorbecause nothing is elucidated. However, these solutions are good practice togive the area a sustainable environment.

En del av det gamla industriområdet i Jönköping på Munksjöns västra sida ska iframtiden bebyggas med bostäder. Syftet med detta arbete är att utforma ettexploateringsförslag över den södra delen av det området. Resultatet redovisassedan i form av illustrationer över området och de tänkta byggnaderna.Målet är att skapa ett attraktivt, hållbart och trivsamt bostadsområde därarkitektonisk skönhet, variation och närheten till vatten står i fokus. Variationskapas genom differentierade byggnader, trots ett i övrigt enhetligt utförande iform av lika material och likartad stil.För att maximalt utnyttja det unika läget vid vattnet har utgångspunkten varit attalla bostäder ska ha utsikt mot sjön. Dessutom har även själva vattnet utnyttjatsför bebyggelse. Promenadstråk i området ger även allmänheten tillgång till det finaläget.Hållbart byggande är något som är högst aktuellt just nu och detta har varit encentral tanke genom hela arbetet gällande utformning av såväl byggnader somnärmiljö.För att hitta inspiration och lösningar har liknande områden studerats, blandannat genom studiebesök. Besöken och idéer från dessa har sedan legat till grundför det fortsatta arbetet och utformningen av området.Arbetet har resulterat i ett grönskande område med varierad bebyggelse, modernarkitektur och hållbara lösningar. Områdets vattennära läge har till fullo utnyttjats,något som hela Jönköping kan ta del av. / In the future a part of the the old industrial area on the western side of lakeMunksjön in Jönköping will be settled with residential buildings. The aim withthis examination project is to formulate a exploitation proposal over the southernpart of this area. The result will be presented as illustrations of the area and itsproposed buildings.The purpose is to create an attractive, sustainable and pleasant neighbourhoodwhere architectural beauty, variation and the location next to water is in focus.Variation is created through differentiated buildings which are given uniformity indesign through equal materials and similar style.In order to maximize the use of the unique location by the water, the startingpoint has been to give all apartments a view over the lake. In addition to that, thewater is also used for settlement. Walking areas around the site also give the publicat large access to the beautiful location.Sustainable building is a topical issue at the moment and has been a centralthought throughout the project regarding design of both buildings and localenvironment.In order to find inspiration and solutions, similar areas have been studied throughstudy visits. The visits and ideas from these have been essential for the continuedwork and the design of the area.The project has resulted in a green area with varied buildings, modern architectureand sustainable solutions. The area's situation close to the water has been fullyused in a way that not only the residents in these houses, but also other people,can take part of.2

Uppdragsgivaren, Erik Larssons Byggnads AB, utför skadereglering på uppdrag av flera olika försäkringsbolag i Tranemo, Svenljunga och Ulricehamn kommun. Året 2008 var företaget involverat i sammanlagt 104 försäkringsskador. Den ersättning som tillfaller Erik Larssons Byggnads AB grundar sig i det närmaste uteslutande på de kostnader kalkyleringsprogrammen MEPS och WinBygg 2000 beräknat. Examensarbetet är en studie om användandet av de olika kalkylprogrammen i kombination med respektive avtal haft betydelse för lönsamheten vid skadereglering. Skillnader mellan programmens kalkyler samt hur dessa överensstämmer med verkligt utfall undersöks. Brister i nuvarande arbetssätt kartläggs och förbättringar föreslås. Målet är att resultat och slutsatser skall kunna vara en hjälp vid framtida kalkylering och upphandling av skadeuppdrag - att lönsamheten på så sätt kan förbättras för Erik Larssons Byggnads AB. En fullständig inventering av företagets skadekalkyler genomfördes. Vid denna delades skador från varje försäkringsbolag in i skadetyp, omfattning och kostnad. Som utgångspunkt valdes därefter tre slutkalkyler i MEPS. Dessa kopierades i WinBygg 2000, så identiska förlagan i MEPS som möjligt. Alla kalkyler jämfördes sedan med verkligt utfall. Examensarbetet visar att den ersättning som tillföll Erik Larssons Byggnads AB i stor utsträckning påverkades av åt vilket försäkringsbolag skaderegleringen utfördes. WinBygg 2000 kalkylerade genomgående lägre skadekostnader i jämförelse med MEPS. Störst skillnad var det mellan UE-arvode och transportkostnader. Vid skadeinventeringen upptäcktes även att två för entreprenören gynnsamma möjligheter sällan eller aldrig utnyttjades år 2008.

Idag saknas en bra översikt för kulturhistoriskt intressanta byggnader i hela Ljungby stad. Centrumbebyggelsen är inventerad och värderad sedan tidigare, men övriga delar av staden är i behov av samma arbete.  Målet är att denna studie ska leverera ett kunskapsunderlag som underlättar vid planering och bygglovsprövning. I arbetet inventeras och värderas bebyggelsen och miljön i områdena Stensberg och Rönnäs i Ljungby stad.   Genom fältobservationer och studier av bl.a. kartor och ritningar har konstaterats att bebyggelsen är av varierande karaktär. Den har tillkommit under olika decennier och har därför många olika stilar. På områdena finns det mestadels bostadshus i form av villor, men det finns också flerfamiljshus samt offentliga byggnader som en skola, en restaurang och en kyrka. Förslag på utökat skydd för ett antal byggnader och bebyggelsemiljöer har tagits fram.

Eskilstuna municipality is working to be a municipality that the people who are living in it are proud of. In a way to do that two students have examined what changes are good or bad when there outdoor environment are rebuilding and changing   By doing interviews with the people who are living next to two streets that already have been going through big changes and during those interviews the inhabitants have hade opportunity to explain what they are seeing as good or band changes in the surroundings. The results from these interviews have been compared to interviews with a politician`s vision for the area and white-collar workers that are working for the Eskilstuna municipality.   If you want to shorten this report to a couple of sentence it would be: By planting trees and busses and letting the politicians that have a vision be part of the planning process the people that are living in that area is going to be satisfied.