Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:36:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maristela Pasolini Pozzi.pdf: 1004274 bytes, checksum: 3f63b4c1b6dd426f8b89141430b6d0c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-20 / Trata da reforma do Regime Próprio de Previdência Social dos servidores civis da União, enquanto parte da reforma do Estado Brasileiro na busca de sua inserção na nova realidade, onde o capital financeiro é o centro das relações econômicas e sociais do capitalismo contemporâneo. O estudo tem por objetivo analisar as mudanças ocorridas no sistema de proteção previdenciária dos servidores civis da União no período de 1998 a 2005, refletindo como esse processo repercute no conjunto dos direitos previdenciários e qual direção sinaliza para a previdência da categoria. Apresenta considerações sobre o contexto econômico mundial que estimulou a expansão do capital financeiro e sobre e os reflexos destes nas economias dos países da América Latina. O Brasil, constrangido pela crise da dívida da década de 1980, adere ao conjunto de proposições de cunho liberal definidas no Consenso de Washington, que estabeleceu as linhas gerais da política econômica que passaria a ser implantada no País a partir da década de 1990. Sob o domínio da ideologia neoliberal, o Estado intervencionista é tido como ineficiente e protecionista, e por isso deve ser reformado, diminuído nas suas funções, as quais devem ser conduzidas ao mercado. As reformas da Previdência Social, tanto do regime dos trabalhadores do setor privado quanto do regime próprio dos servidores públicos, são expressões particulares do projeto de reforma do Estado. Constata-se que a reforma no sistema de previdência dos servidores públicos resultou em uma brutal diminuição de diretos para a categoria, aproximou os dois regimes de previdência, nivelando-os de acordo com os de direitos reduzidos, e ampliou espaço ao capital financeiro, deixando para o mercado a promoção da previdência complementar que será viabilizada por meio dos fundos de pensão, transferindo aos servidores os riscos e custos de suas aposentadorias integrais , uma vez que será instituída amodalidade de contribuição definida / The research concerns itself with the reform of the social security plan for the federal government s civil servants. This reform was pursued as part of the Brazilian State s attempt to adapt to the new reality where financial capital is the centre of economic and social relations within contemporary capitalism. The study analyses the changes implemented in the security system for the federal government s civil servants between 1998 and 2005, reflecting on how the process impacted on security rights and which direction it signals for workers. It presents considerations about the global economic context that motivated the expansion of the financial capital and how that affected Latin American countries. Constrained by the debt crisis of the 1980s, Brazil adhered to the Washington Consensus liberal set of rules, which defined the general direction of the economic policies that would be implemented in the country from the 1990s onwards. According to the tenet of the neoliberal ideology, the interventionist state is deemed inefficient and protectionist, thus it must be reformed and play a smaller role, focused on the market. The social security reform, both for private and public workers, is a particular expression of the State s reform. In the case of civil servants, its outcome was a brutal erosion of rights and brought closer the two security regimes, which were levelled off with weaker rights. Besides, it broadened the space for financial capital, leaving to the market the task to promote complimentary insurance to be financed with pension funds. The shift transferred to workers the risks and costs of their full retirement pensions because a defined contribution scheme was adopted

Socialtjänsten är idag drabbad av en hög arbetsbelastning, något som lett till hög personal omsättning och en hög andel arbetsrelaterade besvär. Flera statliga utredningar av situationen likväl inlägg från intresseorganisationer som SKL och fackförbund föreslår att ett led i att hantera situationen är genom specialisering. Specialiseringen ska bestå i inrättandet av specialistutbildningar och specialisttjänstemän. Studien ger med hjälp av en kartläggning en nulägesbild av specialisttjänsternas förekomst, hur de benämns och inom vilka verksamhetsområden de verkar. Med hjälp av en abduktiv ansats används nyinstitutionell organisationsteori i ett försök att förstå specialisttjänsterna utifrån socialchefers uppfattningar av dessa. / Today the Swedish social services are suffering from high workloads. Consequently this has led to poor retention and high turnover rates. Several Official Reports of the Swedish Governemnt as well as input from unions and Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions suggests that one way to handle the situation is through a more specialized social service. The suggested specialization includes masterprograms in socialwork (MSW, 60 ECT) for social workers and specialized civil servants. The present study will examine the prevalence of this kind of specialists, what they are called, their function and in what parts of the social services they serve. In the present studie I will atempt to understand specialized civil servants from interviews with social service managers perceptions using abduction and neoinstutitional organizational theory.

The Master's thesis is dealing with the issues of the civil service, which development and current situation show considerable heterogeneity of opinions and related political dispute. A closer look on current condition, is preceded by the outline of the characteristics of civil services' basic characteristics distinguished by current legal theory. A historical excursion since 1918 with respect to chronological and semantic order, has also been made. The crucial part of the thesis is devoted to the content analysis of the service pragmatics, the bill of The state officials and Service Act and its amendments. In the conclusion, the author defines four variants of possible solution to the current state of the civil service, which, among others, indicate, that it is desirable to revise effective Service Act by the Bill no. 71/9, with respect mostly to career elements and current situation of the civil service.

我國公務人員實務訓練制度，從1986年實施迄今已逾二十餘年，在公務人員保障暨培訓委員會成立之後，期間多次修改相關訓練規定，目的無非是希望本制度可以越做越好。本論文的研究目的即是為了瞭解我國公務人員實務訓練在2002年加入輔導員規定及2006年加入第一個月不具名的作法之後，對整個實務訓練的成效有何影響？如果未來加入師徒制，是否可行？ 本研究訪談2002年到2008年曾受過實務訓練之中央與地方初任人員，及同時期曾擔任過輔導員之中央與地方基層主管，進行中央與地方訪談結果之分析，並參考國內與本研究相關之文獻。發現應從法制面、實務面及理論面加以改進實務訓練： 一、法制面：第一個月不具名之作法，雖然可以保護新人不會在初進入機關懵懂無知時，就具名負責，可是卻相對增加輔導員工作負擔，無法達到做中學的目的，而且以要點來規範不具名之規定，並不具任何法律效力。 二、實務面：實務訓練雖分為實習階段與試辦階段，在某些機關來說，那一階段根本不分，一律由新人自行承辦案件及核章，此規定對其並無拘束力。 三、理論面：輔導獎勵誘因不足，造成科室主管指派輔導員之困難，且產生輔導效果打折之情況。 另外，本論文的目的是分析中央與地方機關初任人員與基層主管對本訓練之看法及建議，研究結果發現： 一、初任人員因各機關實施作法不一，對於實務訓練第一個月 二、基層主管對於輔導獎勵抱持鼓勵大於懲罰之態度，主要原因為現行輔導員制度並未核發獎金，行政獎勵誘因太小，加上第一個月不具名之規定，使得輔導員責任相對加重，資深人員缺乏擔任輔導員之動機。 三、主管機關對於實務訓練掌握情況有限，只能以紙本審查來瞭解各機關表面上所做的實務訓練，實際上情形不得而知。雖然有心建構培訓我國文官之健全訓練制度，卻又無法對各機關形成拘束力，只能以法規規範或以勸說方式請各機關配合。 因此，從這些研究發現及分析結果可得到結論是我國現行實務訓練無法有效落實乃因相關配套措施不夠周全所致，建議從法制面、實務面及理論面三方面來做改進： 一、法制面：修改公務人員考試錄取人員訓練辦法及公務人員考試錄取人員實務訓練輔導要點，刪除與現行狀況名實不符之規定。 二、實務面：加入師徒制與認知師徒制之概念，並落實做中學的理念。 三、理論面：主管機關應深入研究先基礎訓練後實務訓練或先實務訓練後基礎訓練之相關配套措施及考試錄取人員權利義務之維護，並運用激勵理論改變組織氣候。 綜合上述建議，期有效建構我國文官完整實務訓練制度，俾利培訓傑出人才，厚植我國文官素質。 關鍵字：公務人員、實務訓練、師徒制 / The practical training system of civil servant of our country has been implemented for over twenty years since 1986. After the establishment of the Civil Servant Protection & Training Committee, relevant training provisions were amended many times during this period. The purpose was nothing but to hope that this system could become better and better. The research purpose of this thesis is to understand after the addition of the instructor provision in 2002 and the addition in 2006 on the method of not affixing the name in the first month, what kind of effect is on the result of the practical training? If the master and apprentice system is added in the future, it is feasible? This research conducted interview on central and local newly appointed personnel who received training from 2002 to 2008 and central and local basic level in-charges who took up the post of instructor during the same period. Also this research carried out analysis on the central and local interview results and reference was made on literature relevant to this research and discovered that practical training should be improved from the legal system side, practical side and theoretical side. 1. Legal system side: although the method of not affixing the name in the first month will protect new employee from affixing name to bear responsibility when such employee entered the authority newly and was ignorant of everything, yet correspondingly this will increase the responsibility of the instructor and cannot reach the purpose of learning while working. In addition, the utilization of essentials to standardize the provision of affixing name does not have any legal effect. 2. Practical side: although the practical training is divided into the practical training stage and trial processing stage, yet to some authority, such stage has no difference at all and uniformly the newly employee will handle the case and will approve with seal on its own. Therefore there is no binding force for this provision. 3. Theoretical side: the tempting factor of instruction reward is insufficient resulting difficulty of assigning instructor by the section in-charge and thereby resulting in lowering the guidance effect. In addition, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the point of view on this training by the central and local authority newly appointed personnel and basic level in-charges. Suggestions and findings from the results of this research are: 1. As the implementation method of various authorities is different, the point of view on the provision of not affixing name during the first month of practical training by newly appointed personnel is different and not all authorities agree on this kind of provision. 2. In regard to the guidance reward, basic level in-charges hold the attitude that encouragement should be larger than punishment. The main reason is reward is not issued in the present instructor system and the tempting factor of administrative reward is too little. In addition, with the provision of not affixing the name in the first month, correspondingly the responsibility of the instructor is more and senior personnel is short of motive to take up the post of instructor. 3. In regard to practical training, condition that the competent authority can master is limited as it can only base on written document to examine and understand the practical training on the surface of various authorities and the actual condition is not known. Although there is intention to establish a sound training system to train civil servant of our country, yet the binding force on various authorities cannot be established. The central authority can only use laws and regulations to standardize or to use the persuasion method to ask various authorities to cooperate. Therefore, from these research findings and analysis result, the conclusion obtained is that the present practical training of our country cannot be brought into practice effectively and this is because relevant matching measures are not complete. It is suggested that improvement should be made based on the legal system side, practical side and theoretical side. 1. Legal system side: amend the Civil Servant Examination Recruited Personnel Training Method and Civil Servant Examination Recruited Personnel Practical Training Guidance Essentials and delete provision that cannot conform to the present condition both in name and practice. 2. Practical side: add in the master and apprenticeship system and the concept of perception on the master and apprenticeship system and bring the philosophy of learning while working into practice. 3. Theoretical side: competent authority should conduct in-depth research on relevant matching measures including basic training first and practical training afterwards or practical training first and basic training afterwards and the maintenance of the rights and obligations of the examination recruited personnel. In addition, motivation theory shall be employed to change the climate of the organization. Summarizing the above suggestions, it is hoped to establish a complete practical trainings system for civil servant of our country so as to facilitate cultivation of outstanding talents and to enrich the quality of civil servant of our country Key word: Civil servant, practical system, master and apprentice system

The objective of this diploma work, entitled as "The motivation and stabilisation of public administration employees" is to describe the specific status of public administration employees and its comparison to the status of private sector employees. This work also refers to impending personal crisis in public administration bodies, which could occur as a result of high job-switching between young and qualified employees. The objective of this work is therefore also an explanation of mentioned phenomenon as well as outline of possible solutions of this fluctuation tendency. The work emphasises the importance of motivation in public sector and analyses and evaluates the provisions taken with the purpose of an improvement of public administration. The practice of public administration bodies is demonstrated by examples from the environment of Interior Ministry.

Em uma sociedade cada vez mais complexa e sofisticada, e em nosso contexto com especial atenção às relações empresarias e econômicas, há cada vez menos espaço para um olhar ancorado em representações estanques. Por conta disso, e com o advento das International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) no Brasil, suportada pela Lei n° 11.638/07, iniciou-se uma nova visão contábil priorizando evidenciação mais refinada visando refletir mais fidedignamente as transações das empresas. Talvez o que melhor simbolize esse novo enfoque seja o viés principiológico das IFRS. Entretanto, a inquietação surge quanto a um ponto específico de sua efetiva implementação na sociedade. Se o incentivo ou o direcionamento das avaliações que o recém-egresso se submete em relação ao seu conhecimento contábil, tanto no exame de suficiência como na busca por colocação no mercado de trabalho via concurso público, poderia estar desalinhada aos novos ideais buscados pelas IFRS por meio dos princípios. Com base na teoria da avaliação, Preskill e Torres (1999) alertam que a avaliação precisa integrar o aprendido à prática da sociedade. Da mesma forma, Patton (1997) relembra que é fundamental que o avaliador enfrente o desafio de fazer avaliações que sejam correlacionadas em sua aplicação e úteis. Com a vinculação da nova visão principiológica com a teoria da avaliação, através das definições apresentadas pelos autores acima, foi então analisado, utilizando-se do método Delphi, se as provas de credenciamento contábil e as provas dos principais concursos públicos federais têm utilizado em maior número as questões principiológicas. Os resultados, porém, evidenciaram o contrário, mostrando que há uma maior cobrança de regras nas provas analisadas, ou seja, nestes exames, ainda existe a predominância do modelo regramental apenas sob o manto das IFRS. Deste modo, percebe-se uma possível existência de descompasso entre os ideais relacionados às IFRS e o direcionamento indutor das avaliações de recém-egressos e de profissionais da área contábil. / In an increasingly complex and sophisticated society, and in our context with special attention to business and economic relations, there is lesser space for an anchored view in stationary representations. In this regard, and with the advent of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) in Brazil, supported by Law No. 11,638 / 07, a new accounting approach was initiated prioritizing disclosure that is more refined in order to reflect more accurately corporate transactions. Perhaps, what best symbolizes this new approach is the principles bias of IFRS. However, the concern arises related to a specific point of its effective implementation in society. If the incentive or direction of the assessments that a new graduate undergoes in relation to his / her accounting knowledge, both in the professional entry exam and in the search for placement in the job market (civil servant), could be misaligned with the new principle ideals defended by IFRS. Based on evaluation theory, Preskill and Torres (1999) warn that evaluation needs to integrate learning and society practice. Similarly, Patton (1997) recalls that it is critical that an evaluator faces the challenge of making evaluations that are correlated in their application and useful. By linking this new principiological vision with evaluation theory, through the definitions presented by the authors above, professional entry exams and tests as part of civil servant selection have been analyzed by Delphi method to find out if they have used principiological questions in larger numbers. The results, however, indicate the opposite idea. They showed that there is a bigger charging of rules in the tests that were analyzed, in other words, there is still a predominance of the rule model with a single difference: now under IFRS cloak. Thus, there is a possible existence of mismatch between the ideals related to IFRS and the inductive orientation of the assessment directed to new graduates and professionals in the accounting area.

Le vent de la démocratisation, qui a soufflé en début des années 90 dans la plupart des États africains, a entraîné des changements considérables sur les plans politique, social et administratif. Parmi les préoccupations inscrites à l'agenda politique du moment figuraient les réformes institutionnelles, notamment celles de l'État et de ses démembrements. Cela s'expliquait par la nature profondément dégradée qui caractérisait et caractérise encore les rapports entre l'État et la société. Aussi, cette situation résultait-elle, le plus souvent, directement de la faiblesse des appareils étatiques et des carences d'organisation et d'encadrement qui s'en suivent. En raison du lien filial entre la haute fonction publique et l'État, la réforme de l'une pourrait contribuer à celle de l'autre. Il convient cependant de préciser que la haute fonction publique n'est qu'une sphère de l'État, elle ne saurait donc représenter que l'État administratif. Ainsi, elle doit agir en étroite collaboration avec l'État politique et les instances sociales. Pour ce faire, s'imposent à la fois un enracinement de l'institution dans ses valeurs traditionnelles et son ouverture à certaines valeurs de la nouvelle gestion publique. / The winds of democratization that swept early 90s in most African countries, has resulted in significant changes in the political, social and administrative. Among the concerns listed on the political agenda of the time included the institutional reforms, including those of the State and its agencies. This was due to the deeply degraded nature and characterized further characterizes the relationship between the state and society. Also, this result it is, most often directly from the weak state apparatus and deficiencies of organization and ensuing management. Because of the filial relationship between senior public and the state, a reform that could help the other. It should however be noted that the senior civil service is a sphere of the state, so it does not represent that the administrative state. Therefore, it must act in close cooperation with the political state and social bodies. To do this, is needed both a root of the institution in its traditional values and openness to certain values of the new public management.

中共進十年來致力於建立「國家公務員制度」的工程，這是其幹部人事制 度改革中的一向新嘗試。但是中共一方面強調借鑒西方文官制度之經驗， 另一方面又堅持中國特色，究竟中共建構的所謂「有中國特色的公務員制 度」在執行之後有哪些成果與困難，觸發筆者研究本文的動機。本文以系 統研究法，企圖由中國大陸的政治、經濟、及社會環境系絡中，分析公務 員制度產生的原因。並歸納《國家公務員制度》的立法過程。主要論述著 重在，一九八九年開始的國家公務員制度「試點」以及九三年《條例》公 佈後，陸續公布的「職位分類」、「工資制度」、「考錄」、「辭職辭退 」、「考核」、「獎勵」、「職務升降」等七個單項法規及制度的執行概 況。 內容主要部份： （一）「試點」：從一九八九年四月起，在 國務院統計局、環保局、稅務局、審計署、建材局、海關總署六個單位進 行。地方從一九九○年起，首先選定哈爾濱、深圳兩市進行。試點結果有 助修改法規以及了解推行公務員制度可能遭遇的問題。（二）機構改革： 一九九三年的機構改革的「三定方案」，與公務員制度的推行，有密不可 分的關係。因為在機構改革相對成功的單位，才推行公務員制度。（三） 職位分類：將公務員簡單分為「領導職務」與「非領導職務」兩類。並將 全體公務員分為「十五級」。成效不佳。（四）工資制度：現階段以「職 務級別工資制」為主，但是因為財政短缺，因此公佈兩年有餘，仍未實施 。（五）考試制度：範圍限制在「主任科員」以下的「非領導職務」的公 務員。其次，要有基層工作經歷。從一九九四年至今舉辦多次的中央級國 家考試，是各項制度中，執行成果較好的。但是，身份與地域的限制是進 一步落實此制度的一大障礙。（六）辭職制度：主要困難在於，思想顧慮 及社會保障制度發展不均衡、考核結果無法兌現。 結論部分，推行公 務員制度的有利因素包括領導人支持、建立完善的人事管理系統、培訓工 作骨幹、媒體的重視與宣傳等。執行障礙包括意識型態上，黨管幹部的思 想、制度本身的缺陷、財政短缺、相關法規未建全、社會環境的限制等等 。此外，中共有意提高公務員法規體系層次，已將《國家公務員法》排入 一九九七年人大立法的議程。從法規面來看，中共公務員制度是有在進行 的，因為平均每年約有三個配套規定公布，數量相當可觀。但是中共公布 的公務員制度之相關資料，大多報喜不報憂。所以要打個折，才較接近事 實。個人認為，中共短期之內要健全公務員制度是不可能的，但就長期而 言，傾向「樂觀其成」。

生涯發展乃人事管理新趨勢，但公務人員的生涯發展卻未受到重視，尤共中期生涯階段公務人員由於升遷瓶頸不易突破，生理開始退化，家庭角色變化等因素，普遍遭遇中期生涯發展與調適困境，乃激發筆者從事此方面研究之動機，本研究目的有三： 　　一、對生涯發展階段理論及中期生涯發展之相關問題予以完整清晰之探索。 　　二、藉由現行公務人員人事管理措施之檢視及問卷資料之輔助，深入瞭解中期生涯階段公務人員的需求，面臨之困境，及自我調適的方法。 　　三、參考相關制度、理論，研提合理可行之建議，以為政府機關及公務人員之參考。 　　本研究採文獻分析方法及問卷調查法，以兼顧理論與實務。文獻分析方面，分別說明發展取向之生涯理論、個體生命發展歷程與生涯發展階段、中期生涯困境與調適等。根據文獻分析，瞭解中期生涯階段之現象及議題，據以設計問卷從事實證研究，以瞭解中期生涯公務人員之真正感受與生涯調適情形。 　　在實證調查方面，本研究抽樣對象為中央二級機關（即部會局處署）二十個，總計512位40至60歲公務人員。問卷主要分四部分，第一部分為對生涯規劃的瞭解程度，第二部分為中期生涯困擾的議題，第三部分為中期生涯公務人員之需求、價值觀及生涯調適情形，第四部分為基本資料。調查所得資料以國立政治大學電算中心之spss及spss/pc+（windows版），採次數分配、t考驗、單因子變異數分析及因素分析等方法進行統計分析。 　　依實證研究結果，本研究之發現為： 　　一、中期生涯公務人員對個人生涯規劃相當瞭解，以男性、主管、專科以上、任現職一年以下、10-12職等及負擔家計較重者瞭解程度較高。 　　二、學者在理論上所提中期生涯困境經質證研究結果，明顯存在於我國公務人員中期生涯發展的有，對個人能力及生產力的信心、工作負荷、退化感、壓力及問題的表達、失敗的威脅、生涯機會減少、為自己而活的覺醒、應對個人生涯負責的覺知、升遷公平性、被困住的感覺及親密需求等十一項。 　　三、中期生涯困擾程度以女性、非主管、學歷較低、職等較低、年齡較長、及年資較深者嚴重。 　　四、中期生涯公務人員的需求是內滋、外附需求兼半，尚待滿足項目有：公平公正升遷機會，上司的公平、重視和肯定，訓練進修機會，職務輪調，合理調高待遇，良好的福利措施、提供生涯發展之資訊及輔導等七項。 　　五、中期生涯公務人員傾向以主觀認定之標準來決定生涯成功，以個人內在期求引導自己，追求自我實現。 　　六、中期生涯公務人員在生涯調適上著重家庭生活，致力於達成工作、家庭及個人發展的平衡。 　　最後，綜合前述研究發現，就個人生涯規劃及組織生涯管理上提出建議，並提示後續研究之方向。

Daugelis autorių aptardami valstybės tarnautojų mokymo bei kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistemą labiau gilinasi į valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos tobulinimą įtakojančius finansinius, teisinius veiksnius. Todėl šiame darbe siekiama nustatyti valstybės tarnautojų mokymo ir kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistemos vystymo edukologinius veiksnius. Atlikta literatūros šaltinių analizė, apibūdinta valstybės tarnautojų mokymo ir kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistema, jos elementai ir funkcijos, nustatyti sistemos vystymo veiksniai. Norint išsiaiškinti valstybės tarnautojų mokymo ir kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistemos vystymo edukologinius poreikius atlikta valstybės tarnautojų anketinė apklausa bei atliktas interviu su kvalifikacijos tobulinimo institucijų vadovais. Apklausti 78 valstybės tarnautojai ir 6 mokymus valstybės tarnautojams mokymus organizuojančių institucijų vadovai. Atlikti tyrimai parodė, kad valstybės tarnautojų mokymo ir kvalifikacijos tobulinimo sistema nėra labai efektyvi ir nesukuria pakankamų edukologinių prielaidų valstybės tarnautojų kvalifikacijos tobulinimo proceso vystymuisi. / Educological factors of the civil servants training system are not much analysed. Various authors analyses influence of the financial, juridical factors for the civil servants training system. Therefore the point of this research is to estimate educological factors of the civil training system. In this research the are described the elements and functions of the civil servants training system. The factors or the civil servants training system are also described. To establish the educological requirements of the civil servants training system development was caried out a survey of the civil servants and was done the interview with managers of the civil servants training intitutions. In this research took part 78 civil servants and 6 managers of the civil servants training institutions. The survey showed that the civil servants training system is not very effective and don‘t create enuogh educological assumptions for the the development of civil servants training process.