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This thesis examines the role connected devices in the home could play for maintaining and taking care of close relationships of people living apart. Communication tools nowadays offer many different ways of communicating and they are mostly focused on mobile devices. Social presence describes the feeling that humans have when communicating with each other and can be mediated through communication tools in different strengths. The Internet of Things is one rapidly developing branch of contemporary technology and estimates say by 2020 about 200 billion devices will be connected. This research focuses on the possibilities the Internet of Things offers to the notion of social presence in the domestic setting by exploring how we feel interrupted by current devices: Through a Research through Design approach, alternative concepts will be developed to materialize the feeling of social presence.

Text in Afrikaans / Die komplementariteit tussen afstand en intimiteit in die terapeutiese verhouding word ge"illustreer en bespreek aan die hand van 'n enkeie gevallestudie. Die klem is op rekursiewe en selfverwysende prosesse wat tussen die terapeut en kiient plaasvind, sodat die vvyse waarop intiemer en meer afstandelike interaksies ge-kokreer is, uitgelig word. Die terapeutiese proses word binne die raamwerk van die ekosistemiese en sosiale konstruksionistiese epistomologie bespreek. Navorsing word uitgevoer volgens die naturalistiese navorsingsparadigma en raakpunte tussen die navorsingsparadigma en epistomologie wat bespreek is, word aan die hand van die gevaliestudie ge"illustreer. In die studie word daar ook verwys na verwante kwessies, soos aanraking en grense in die terapeutiese verhouding, terapie as 'n a-sosiale konteks, terapie as 'n paradoksale situasie en die neutraliteit van die terapeut, wat aansluit by die tema van hierdie studie. Hierdie temas word geintegreer tydens die bespreking van die gevallestudie. / An individual case study is used in this study, to discuss the complementarity between distance and intimacy in the therapeutic relationship. The focus is on recursive and selfreflective processes between the therapist and the client in order to explain the way in which intimate and distant interactions were coconstructed. The therapeutic process was discussed in the context of ecosystemic and social constructionist epistemologies. Research was done according to the principles of the naturalistic research paradigm and overlaps between this research paradigm and epistemologies that were discussed are brought forward through the discussion of the case study. There are also references in this study to related issues, such as touching and boundaries in the therapeutic relationship, therapy as an a-social and paradoxical context, and the neutrality of the therapist, which connect with the theme of this study. These themes are integrated in the discussion of the case study. / Psychology / M.A. (Kliniese Sielkunde)

Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka om människors intentioner att donera pengar påverkas av deskriptiva normer. Följande hypoteser användes: 1) Både sociala närhetsnormer (du agerar som personer du känner samhörighet med gör) och provinsiellas normer (du agerar efter de lokala normer som gäller för platsen du befinner dig på) ökar människors intentioner att donera till välgörande ändamål jämfört med ett standardförfarande där välgörenhetsorganisationen enbart signalerar altruistiska ideal och 2) Sociala närhetsnormer leder till starkare intentioner att donera jämfört med provinsiella normer. En kvantitativ metod har använts, instrumentet var ett självskattningsformulär. Etthundraåttio personer, deltog i studien och blev således tilldelade ett av experimentets tre villkor (social närhetsnorm, provinsiell norm, eller standard villkor). Den provinsiella normen bidrar till en högre frekvens av donationer än standardförfarandet och det sociala närhetsvillkoret. Slutsatsen är att välgörenhetsorganisationer kan ha nytta av att ta hänsyn till och använda sig av provinsiella normer vid insamlingar. / The aim of this study was to examine whether people´s intent to donate money is influenced by descriptive norms. Our hypotheses were as follows: 1) Both the social closeness norm (you behave as people close to you do) and the provincial norm (you behave as the local norms of the location where you are at prescribe) increase people´s self-reported intent to donate money to charity compared to the control group where the welfare organisation only try to activate your altruistic ideals and 2) Social closeness norms induce a stronger intent to donate money compared to provincial norms. A qualitative method has been used and the instrument was a self-report questionnaire. One hundred eighty people participated in the study and were thereby given one of the tree conditions (social closeness norm, provincial norm, or the standard condition). The use of provincial norms leads to a higher donation frequency than the standard condition and the social closeness condition.

But : Ce projet de recherche a comme objectif principal de mieux comprendre diverses facettes de la relation entraîneur-entrainée. Cette relation entre un entraîneur masculin et une athlète féminine en volleyball sera observée selon trois niveaux de compétition des athlètes – secondaire, collégial et universitaire. Trois aspects seront étudiés à travers les questions posées dans cette recherche : (1) Est-ce que la perception que les athlètes ont de la relation entraîneur-entraîné est différente selon le niveau de compétition de l’athlète? (2) Existe-il des différences dans la nature de la relation à l’intérieur d’un même niveau? (3) Est-ce que le nombre d’années qu’une athlète a passé avec le même entraîneur affecte la qualité de la relation?. Méthodologie : Évoluant sur le circuit québécois, les six équipes de volleyball et leur entraîneur respectif représentent l’échantillon de la présente étude. Les tests utilisés afin de réaliser les analyses univariées et bivariées de cette étude sont : le Test de Welch, les corrélations de Pearson ainsi que les tests post-hoc de Games-Howell. Résultats : (1) Les athlètes du secondaire partagent une relation de meilleure qualité avec leur entraîneur que celles du cégep et de l’université. (2) Dans un même niveau de compétition, ce qui différencie la qualité de la relation est : le rôle de la joueuse dans son équipe ainsi que le nombre de sports organisés dans lesquels elle participe (relations proportionnelles). (3) Une relation inverse existe entre le nombre d’années vécues par la dyade entraîneur-athlète et la qualité de la relation. / Objective : The main purpose of this study is to better understand certain aspects of the coach-athlete relationship. The relationship between a male coach and a female athlete in volleyball will be analyzed based on three different levels of competition: high school, cegep and university. The specific objectives of this study will be examined through three research questions: (1) Is the athlete’s perception of the coach-athlete relationship different based on the level of competition in which the athlete participates? (2) Is there any difference in the nature of the coach-athlete relationship within the same level of competition? (3) Does the number of years that an athlete plays for the same coach affect the nature of the relationship? Method: The sample of this study consists of six volleyball teams, playing within the Quebec conference, and their respective coaches. The univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using the following tests: the Welch test, the Pearson correlations and the Games-Howell post-hoc tests. Results: (1) High school athletes have a relationship with their coach that is of higher quality than athletes from cegep and university. (2) The quality of the coach-athlete relationship differs within a same level of competition based on the athlete’s role in her team as well as the number of organised sports in which she participates (proportional relationships). (3) There is an inverse relationship between the number of years the athlete and the coach have been working together and the quality of their relationship.

Bien que les facteurs de risque associés au faible engagement scolaire aient été largement étudiés, les mécanismes qui conduisent les enfants moins bien préparés pour l’école à se désengager dès le début de leur parcours scolaire demeurent méconnus. Une meilleure compréhension de ces mécanismes permettrait de prévenir le désinvestissement de ces élèves et favoriserait leur persévérance scolaire. Étant donné l’importance des relations sociales en début de scolarisation, la présente étude a pour objectif d’examiner dans quelle mesure la relation que l’élève entretient avec son enseignant en première année peut expliquer le lien entre la préparation à l’école en maternelle et l’engagement scolaire en deuxième année. Des régressions linéaires multiples hiérarchiques réalisées sur un échantillon de 1492 élèves québécois ont permis de vérifier cette hypothèse. Les résultats obtenus confirment que la relation maître-élève chaleureuse et conflictuelle permet d’expliquer le niveau d’engagement des élèves qui présentent une faible préparation à l’école lorsqu’ils entrent à la maternelle. Les implications pour la recherche et la pratique des intervenants en milieu scolaire seront discutées. / Risk factors associated with lower school engagement have been widely studied. Children entering school with lower levels of school readiness tend to be less engaged in school activities. However, the mechanisms leading those children to early disengagement are yet to be discovered. Better understanding these mechanisms could help prevent disengagement and school dropout. Social relationships are known to be of high importance, especially at school entry. Therefore, the present study will test if the teacher-student relationship in grade 1 can explain the association between school readiness in kindergarten and school engagement in grade 2. This hypothesis was verified using multiple linear regressions and a sample of 1492 French-canadian pupils. Results show that children’s readiness for school in kindergarten can predict their level of school engagement two years later. Furthermore, conflict and closeness in the teacher-student relationship are mechanisms which can explain this predictive relationship. Implications for further research and school intervention will be discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelica Silva Marden Coppede.pdf: 457794 bytes, checksum: 56310c6941ea120340d1b63da23fc609 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-14 / In the present research, we verified how eight behavior therapists with differing age, experience and from different geographical regions deal with closeness and intrusiveness by the client in their personal life. The occurrence of questions or comments by the clients that make the therapist talk about particularities of his or her life: The effects these have on the therapist and the therapist-client relationship, what variables control the therapist s behavior of responding to these questions, or, summing up: possibilities for coping and clinical intervention. The study uses a qualitative, explanatory approach, using semi-structured interviews for data-collection. The interviews were transcribed for analysis according to the Grounded Theory model, an inductive strategy that consists in organizing, categorizing and interpreting data that lead to the construction of a theory that explains the studied phenomenon. The results indicate that therapists make intentional use of emerging clinical situations, like questions by the therapist about his or her private life. The reaction of the therapist to questions about his or her private life can, depending on the therapist, be converted in interventions and make the relationship more intimate; and this may be directly linked to the professional repertoire the therapist has in coherence with what is proposed by treatment models like Functional Analytical Psychotherapy (FAP) and Therapy through the Contingencies of Reinforcement (TCR). FAP facilitates the comprehension and classifications of behaviors emitted by the client as clinically relevant behaviors and promotes the acceptance by the therapist of the byproducts of the interaction, not evaluating them as negative, but as opportunities in the session for the development of the relationship. TCR prioritizes the consciousness both therapist and client have, concerning the contingencies that are operating in the different contexts of the client s life, and emphasizes the importance of the therapist to be able to describe the adopted strategies. / Na literatura concernente ao relacionamento terapêutico há considerações importantes sobre o papel central da intimidade, apesar de não serem investigados os determinantes dos comportamentos íntimos dos terapeutas. Buscou-se investigar nessa pesquisa a ocorrência, na sessão, de perguntas ou colocações dos clientes que levam o terapeuta a falar de particularidades de sua vida, o efeito que elas têm sobre o terapeuta e a relação terapêutica, o que controla o comportamento do terapeuta de responder a essas questões (se é considerada a relevância clínica), possíveis reações (espontâneas ou planejadas) que podem reforçar ou enfraquecer esses comportamentos, enfim, possibilidades de manejo e atuação clínica diante do fenômeno intimidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e de caráter exploratório cuja coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, feitas com oito terapeutas comportamentais. Para efeito de análise, as entrevistas foram gravadas e depois transcritas. Os dados foram analisados segundo os princípios da Grounded Theory. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que os terapeutas comportamentais têm seus estilos próprios de prevenir, manejar e aproveitar situações que envolvem intimidade no relacionamento com o cliente e, no geral, os terapeutas que falam sobre aspectos da sua vida (emitem comportamentos íntimos) o fazem com intenção terapêutica. Verificou-se que a intimidade pode tornar a relação mais intensa, mas é a consciência do terapeuta das variáveis envolvidas no processo que converte o que ocorre entre ele e o cliente numa intervenção. Observa-se coerência entre o que é proposto pelos modelos de terapia apresentados - Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP) e Terapia por Contingências de Reforçamento (TCR) - e o que os terapeutas entrevistados na sua prática clínica fazem. Porém, não se pode negar a influência direta de outras variáveis, como características pessoais do terapeuta. A atuação do profissional está estreitamente ligada com seu estilo. Estes resultados apontam para a importância de se analisar repertórios pessoais e profissionais do clínico no estudo do relacionamento terapêutico.

La proximité constitue l’une des préoccupations stratégiques actuelles majeures de la distribution alimentaire. Cette recherche porte sur les raisons de la réhabilitation des formats de proximité et s’intéresse aux représentations de la proximité d’un magasin par les distributeurs et par les consommateurs. Il ressort des analyses qualitatives et quantitatives menées auprès des distributeurs et des consommateurs que cette distance spatiale, temporelle, fonctionnelle et social qui unit un magasin et ses clients est multidimensionnelle. Sept dimensions ont été identifiées : la proximité d’accès, la proximité fonctionnelle, la proximité de processus, la proximité relationnelle, la proximité identitaire, la proximité d’intégration et la proximité d’assortiment. Certains points de convergence et divergence apparaissent dans les représentations de la proximité d’un magasin par les distributeurs et les consommateurs. Plus généralement, tous deux perçoivent les aspects symboliques et fonctionnels du magasin de proximité. Les représentations de la proximité d’un magasin du point de vue des distributeurs sont plus complètes et positives ; les consommateurs se concentrent davantage sur les aspects fonctionnels et utilitaires du magasin de proximité. Le test des hypothèses du modèle théorique (PLS) nous amènent finalement à identifier les antécédents de la proximité perçue d’un magasin (positionnement perçu et localisation géographique) et ses conséquences (intentions d’achat futures, évaluation positive et attachement). Nos résultats démontrent que la localisation géographique ne suffit pas à créer une relation entre client et le magasin. Le distributeur ne doit pas se contenter d’être géographiquement près de son client pour être proche de lui ; il doit dépasser la vision géographique de la proximité pour valoriser d’autres aspects fonctionnels et symboliques / Getting close to the consumer is one major concern in retailing. This research tries to understand the rehabilitation of small food stores in the French retailing context and explores the notion of closeness in all in its dimensions from a retailer as well as a consumer perspective. The research involves data collection from both retail companies and consumers. The qualitative and quantitative analysis show that creating closeness with the customer can be defined as the management of the spatial, temporal, functional and social distance that links a store to its customers. Seven dimensions can be identified: the access closeness, the functional closeness, the process closeness, the relational closeness, the identity closeness, the integration closeness and the assortment closeness. Some convergence or difference points between the retailers and the consumers perceptions can be describe. In general, managers and consumers both establish a dichotomy between practical and symbolic aspects of closeness. We can observe that managers see the relationship between the store and its clients in a more positive and global way whereas consumers are more rational and focus on practical elements. The tests of the hypothesis show us that the retailer image and the geographical location of the store have both a positive effect on perceived closeness to a store. Also, perceived closeness to a store increases consumer’s loyalty to the store. Our results demonstrate that location of the store is not enough to create a close relationship between the customer and the store; the closeness between a customer and a store is not only based on a spatial distance but also on a temporal, functional and social distance. Being close to its consumers not only means being close to them geographically. The consumer prefers a broader vision of closeness including practical and symbolic aspects

<p>Palliativ vård innebär ett förhållningssätt där patientens livskvalitet står i centrum. Vården kännetecknas av en holistisk människosyn där patientens fysiska, psykiska, sociala samt existentiella behov ska tillgodoses. Från sjuksköterskans perspektiv kan palliativ vård bedrivas inom såväl primärvård som slutenvård och omfattningen av det palliativa vårdandet varierar beroende på inom vilket område sjuksköterskan är verksam. Oavsett kontext har sjuksköterskan en relations­skapande funktion och relationen har stor betydelse för patientens välbefinnande. Professionell hållning inom palliativ vård innebär att sjuksköterskan medvetet tillämpar ett empatiskt förhållningssätt. Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att förhålla sig professionellt i relationen till patienten inom palliativ vård. Studien genomfördes i form av en vetenskaplig litteraturöversikt med systematisk insamling och granskning av data. Totalt inkluderades elva kvalitativa, vetenskapliga artiklar. Databearbetning resulterade i tre kategorier: ”Den unika relationen”, ”Sjuksköterskans utmaning” samt ”Professionell distansering”. Sjuksköterskor upplevde att relationen inom palliativ vård präglades av närhet och känslomässigt engagemang. Den nära relationen ansågs positiv samtidigt som den innebar en risk för emotionell överbelastning. Nödvändigt var att upprätta en professionell distans för att kunna särskilja yrkesliv och privatliv. Sjuksköterskor identifierade i det en utmaning att balansera mellan närhet och distans och att kunna vara personlig utan att bli privat.</p> / <p>Palliative care is an approach which has the main emphasis on the patient’s quality of life. It is characterized by a holistic view towards the patient’s physical, psychological, social and existential need. The nurse can work with palliative care in many different contexts, and to various degrees. Nonetheless, the nurse who conducts palliative care will always have a relation building function, and the relation between the nurse and the patient will have large impact of the patient’s perceived well-being. A nurse’s professional approach to palliative care is generally thought of as her taking on a compassionate role against her patients. The purpose of this paper was to describe the nurse’s experience of establishing and keeping a professional approach to her patients in palliative care. The study was conducted as a scientific literature review with a systematic gathering and scrutinizing of data. In total, eleven qualitative scientific articles were included in the review. Three main conclusions could be drawn. First, the nurses experienced that the relations within palliative care were characterized by closeness and emotional engagement. The close relationship between the nurse and her patients was regarded as being positive, although it constituted a risk of emotional overload. Second, it was found to be necessary for the nurse to maintain a professional distance to the patient to be able to separate work from private life. Third, many nurses identified a challenge of striking an appropriate balance between closeness and distance in order to be able to be personal without being private.</p>

Palliativ vård innebär ett förhållningssätt där patientens livskvalitet står i centrum. Vården kännetecknas av en holistisk människosyn där patientens fysiska, psykiska, sociala samt existentiella behov ska tillgodoses. Från sjuksköterskans perspektiv kan palliativ vård bedrivas inom såväl primärvård som slutenvård och omfattningen av det palliativa vårdandet varierar beroende på inom vilket område sjuksköterskan är verksam. Oavsett kontext har sjuksköterskan en relations­skapande funktion och relationen har stor betydelse för patientens välbefinnande. Professionell hållning inom palliativ vård innebär att sjuksköterskan medvetet tillämpar ett empatiskt förhållningssätt. Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att förhålla sig professionellt i relationen till patienten inom palliativ vård. Studien genomfördes i form av en vetenskaplig litteraturöversikt med systematisk insamling och granskning av data. Totalt inkluderades elva kvalitativa, vetenskapliga artiklar. Databearbetning resulterade i tre kategorier: ”Den unika relationen”, ”Sjuksköterskans utmaning” samt ”Professionell distansering”. Sjuksköterskor upplevde att relationen inom palliativ vård präglades av närhet och känslomässigt engagemang. Den nära relationen ansågs positiv samtidigt som den innebar en risk för emotionell överbelastning. Nödvändigt var att upprätta en professionell distans för att kunna särskilja yrkesliv och privatliv. Sjuksköterskor identifierade i det en utmaning att balansera mellan närhet och distans och att kunna vara personlig utan att bli privat. / Palliative care is an approach which has the main emphasis on the patient’s quality of life. It is characterized by a holistic view towards the patient’s physical, psychological, social and existential need. The nurse can work with palliative care in many different contexts, and to various degrees. Nonetheless, the nurse who conducts palliative care will always have a relation building function, and the relation between the nurse and the patient will have large impact of the patient’s perceived well-being. A nurse’s professional approach to palliative care is generally thought of as her taking on a compassionate role against her patients. The purpose of this paper was to describe the nurse’s experience of establishing and keeping a professional approach to her patients in palliative care. The study was conducted as a scientific literature review with a systematic gathering and scrutinizing of data. In total, eleven qualitative scientific articles were included in the review. Three main conclusions could be drawn. First, the nurses experienced that the relations within palliative care were characterized by closeness and emotional engagement. The close relationship between the nurse and her patients was regarded as being positive, although it constituted a risk of emotional overload. Second, it was found to be necessary for the nurse to maintain a professional distance to the patient to be able to separate work from private life. Third, many nurses identified a challenge of striking an appropriate balance between closeness and distance in order to be able to be personal without being private.