Bland undersköterskor inom äldreomsorgen kan arbete utifrån ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv vara att föredra för att kunna minska risken för en dålig psykosocial arbetsmiljö. Tidigare studier visade att motivationen ökade när både trivsel och arbetsglädje fanns på arbetsplatsen.  Syftet med denna studie var att utifrån ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv undersöka hur undersköterskor inom äldreomsorgen upplever sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats med fokusgrupper som metod. Sammanlagt utfördes tre fokusgruppsintervjuer på två olika äldreboenden. Totalt deltog 19 undersköterskor i studien. I analysen framkom tre teman som belyste viktiga aspekter av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Dessa kategorier var motivation till arbetet, ett engagerat ledarskap och arbetsglädje. Resultatet visade att studiens deltagare överlag ansåg sig vara nöjda med sin arbetsmiljö. De upplevde en bra gemenskap på arbetet och balans mellan de krav som ställdes på dem och de resurser som fanns att tillgå. Resultatet visade också att ledningen i en arbetsgrupp fick stor betydelse för personalens välbefinnande. Flertalet undersköterskor uppgav även att omvårdnadsarbetet med vårdtagarna var meningsfullt och att motivation fanns för att hjälpa andra människor. Då vården är en arbetsplats som ständigt möts av sparkrav genom hårt pressade budgetar och organisationsförändringar, så behövs mer fokus på undersköterskornas arbetsmiljö. Inför framtida hälsofrämjande interventioner inom äldreomsorgen är det viktigt att öka välbefinnandet hos personalen samt fortsättningsvis finna lösningar för en hållbar vårdkvalité. / Among assistant nurses in the elderly care setting, the health-promoting perspective may be preferable to reduce the risk of a poor psychosocial work environment. Previous studies showed that work motivation increase if both well-being and job satisfaction exist. The aim of this study was to investigate how assistant nurses experience their psychosocial work environment from a health promoting perspective. The study had a qualitative approach with focus group interviews as a method. In total, three focus group interviews were performed with assistant nurses at two different elderly homes. There were 19 participants in the study. The analysis showed three themes that illustrated important aspects of the psychosocial environment. The categories were work motivation, a committed leadership and job satisfaction. The assistants nurses were generally satisfied with their working environment. They described a good fellowship at work and experienced a balance between the demands placed on them and the available resources. The results also showed that the workplace leadership was of great importance for the well-being of the staff. Most assistant nurses considered the nursing work with caretakers meaningful and that it felt motivating to help others. Since their workplaces are constantly being met by saving demands through hard-pressed budgets and organizational changes, a focus on the work environment of assistent nurses is recommended. Prior to future health promotion interventions in the elderly care, it is important to increase the well-being of the staff and to continue to find solutions for a sustainable quality of care.

The aging population is growing and as more elderly need nursing the demand on elderly care is increasing. There is a risk of not having enough staff in an industry that already lacks educated staff. Many of the employees also complain that they are stressed out. This has led to an increasing number of gadgets and tools used within elderly care but not without problems. The technologies have been criticized for being designed to fit the need of the people in control rather than the elderly and the caregivers. This thesis has mapped the situation within todays elderly care and provided a solution to those needs and problems found. The focus has been to make a design that is fit for the elderly and the caregivers. The project has been made with a human centered design approach by letting elderly and caregivers participate in the process. A keystone has been to make the solution emit a sense of coherence for the elderly. The result is a radar unit which scans for blood pressure, respiration, pulse, and falls. The radar can be complimented with a camera to provide even more security. The achieved result can bring a sense of coherence for the elderly but needs to be further tested in order to prove it. This work can be used for future studies.

No description available.

During the last decades, the Christian population of Iraq is estimated to have decreased from about 1.5 million people to about 120,000. The historical examples of religious persecution are plenty, and in the last few years, the world again witnessed brutal violence against religious minorities, this time committed by the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). By examining the narrative of the survivors of the persecution and violence, insight can be gained into what becomes meaningful for a person in the darkest situation of violence and threats, and how the available resources can be useful to cope with the situation in a way that makes sense of evil. Through an ethnographic approach, the inner lives of eight Christians from northern Iraq are explored in this thesis. Their personal stories demonstrate how a sense of coherence can be reached through being part of something greater than oneself; activism, nationalism, and most of all; religious faith, practice, and identity.

No description available.

The subject of the PhD thesis is the application of a transmission digital holographic microscope (DHM) which was designed and constructed in the Laboratory of optical microscopy at the IPE BUT for the research of live cells dynamics. First part of the work is concerned with theoretical description of the microscope imaging properties dependent on the coherence of illumination. It is supplemented with experiments of imaging of a model and a real biological specimen. The following part describes construction modifications and innovations of the microscope and its equipment that enabled the utilization of the microscope for live cells observations. In the experimental part the methodology of live cells preparation and DHM imaging was worked out. The methodology was verified by the observation of cell dynamics during an apoptosis induced by the cytostaticum cis-platinum. Further experiments examined the dynamics of live cells in standard conditions and during a deprivation stimulus. A novel method of holographically reconstructed phase, named \uva{dynamic phase differences}, was set up to evaluate quantitative changes of cell mass distribution during the experiments. Depending on the degree of malignancy and density of cell outgrowth, various schemes of cancer cells behaviour during a specific reaction were revealed using this method. For the quantitative analysis of the DHM phase imaging, a suitable statistical characteristic and an interpretation of the measured data were proposed. Both of them were successfully applied for the comparison of cell motility of two cell types: parental and progeny cell lines. On the basis of the proposed processing, hypotheses describing the reaction mechanism of tumour cells to stress life conditions were established. In the conclusions we summarize our findings and suggestions for the construction and the applications of a new generation of the transmission DHM.

No description available.

Complex functions of the basal ganglia are affected by numerous sensory and sensitive stimuli. In our studies, we investigated parameters of sense of smell and vision in neurodegenerative diseases of the basal ganglia - Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). In the first study, we use Odourized Markers Test (OMT) to determine its applicability in PD patients, and to determine whether it distinguishes olfactory disorders between neurodegenerative and other disorders. Results show that OMT is applicable for PD patients and comparable to Sniffin' Sticks as it demonstrates gains of lower scores in PD patients compared to healthy subjects, but they do not differentiate other etiology of olfactory disorders. In the next study, we tested the pleasantness of odor stimulants in PD patients using New test of odor pleasantness (NTOP). We investigated suitability and validity of its use. We found that PD patients had lower odor rating score compared to healthy group correlated with Sniffin' Sticks and OMT. In the following study, we examined whether PD patients with visual hallucinations (PDH+) have structural retinal changes measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and functional retinal changes examined by 2,5% contrast sensitivity test compared to PD patients without hallucinations...

<img src="http://www.diva-portal.org/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?Emrulovic%20Olsson,%20M.%20Deltagarnas%20perspektiv%20av%20syssels%C3%A4ttningsverksamhet.%20En%20kvalitativ%20studie%20om%20deltagarnas%20perspektiv%20av%20betydelsen%20av%20daglig%20syssels%C3%A4ttning.%20Masteruppsats%20i%20Socialt%20Arbete,%2030%20h%C3%B6gskolepo%C3%A4ng.%20Malm%C3%B6%20universitet:%20Fakulteten%20f%C3%B6r%20h%C3%A4lsa%20och%20samh%C3%A4lle,%20institutionen%20f%C3%B6r%20socialt%20arbete,%202023.%20%0A%0AStudiens%20syfte%20%C3%A4r%20att%20utifr%C3%A5n%20deltagarnas%20perspektiv%20redog%C3%B6ra%20f%C3%B6r%20betydelsen%20av%20aktivitetshuset%20inom%20socialpsykiatrins%20daglig%20syssels%C3%A4ttning%20f%C3%B6r%20deltagarnas%20psykiska%20v%C3%A4lm%C3%A5ende.%20D%C3%A4r%20deltar%20deltagare%20f%C3%A5r%20bes%C3%B6ka%20ett%20aktivitetshus%20fyra%20dagar%20i%20veckan%20med%20personal%20med%20st%C3%B6ttar%20och%20motiverar%20deltagarna%20i%20vardagen.%20Studiens%20fr%C3%A5gest%C3%A4llningarna%20centrerar%20sig%20kring%20deltagarnas%20upplevelse%20av%20betydelsen%20av%20syssels%C3%A4ttningen%20utifr%C3%A5n%20tre%20teman;%20den%20sociala%20milj%C3%B6n,%20k%C3%A4nslor,%20v%C3%A4lm%C3%A5ende.%20Den%20teoretiska%20ramen%20inf%C3%B6r%20studien%20grundar%20sig%20i%20Antonovsky%20teori%20KASAM%20som%20st%C3%A5r%20f%C3%B6r%20k%C3%A4nsla%20av%20sammanhang%20medan%20den%20andra%20teorin%20h%C3%A4rstammar%20utifr%C3%A5n%20arbetsterapin%20d%C3%A4r%20%20Leufstadius%20och%20Argenzell%20beskriver%20sambandet%20mellan%20aktivitet%20och%20relation%20som%20relevant%20rehabilitering%20f%C3%B6r%20m%C3%A5lgruppen%20med%20psykisk%20oh%C3%A4lsa.%20Detta%20genom%20semistrukturerade%20intervjuer%20med%20deltagarna%20med%20st%C3%B6d%20fr%C3%A5n%20den%20kvalitativa%20forskningsmetoden.%20%0A%0AStudiens%20resultat%20visar%20att%20deltagare%20uttryckte%20syssels%C3%A4ttningen%20som%20ett%20%C3%B6ppet%20och%20mottagande%20plats%20f%C3%B6r%20alla%20typer%20av%20m%C3%A4nniskor%20som%20har%20sv%C3%A5righeter%20med%20psykisk%20oh%C3%A4lsa.%20Detta%20berodde%20p%C3%A5%20ett%20fungerande%20samarbete%20mellan%20personal%20och%20deltagare%20med%20en%20stark%20tillit%20och%20f%C3%B6rtroende%20till%20personalen.%20Resultatet%20visade%20p%C3%A5%20att%20deltagarna%20upplevde%20k%C3%A4nslor%20i%20form%20av%20gl%C3%A4dje%20och%20ans%C3%A5g%20att%20syssels%C3%A4ttningen%20f%C3%B6rb%C3%A4ttrade%20deras%20v%C3%A4lm%C3%A5ende.%20Sammantaget%20visar%20resultatet%20att%20syssels%C3%A4ttning%20%C3%A4r%20betydelsefullt%20i%20den%20mening%20att%20deltagarna%20k%C3%A4nner%20sig%20delaktiga%20i%20ett%20socialt%20och%20meningsfullt%20sammanhang%20vilket%20f%C3%B6r%20dem%20%C3%A4r%20en%20friskfaktor%20f%C3%B6r%20psykisk%20h%C3%A4lsa.%0A" data-classname="equation" data-title="" /> / <img src="http://www.diva-portal.org/cgi-bin/mimetex.cgi?Emrulovic%20Olsson,%20M.%20The%20participants'%20perspective%20of%20daily%20occupation.%20A%20qualitative%20study%20on%20participants'%20perspectives%20of%20the%20importance%20of%20daily%20participation.%20Masters%20degree%20in%20Social%20Work,%2030%20h%C3%B6gskolepo%C3%A4ng.%20Malm%C3%B6%20University:%20Faculty%20of%20Health%20and%20Society,%20Department%20of%20Social%20Work,%202023.%0A%0AThe%20aim%20of%20the%20study%20is%20to%20describe%20participants'%20perspective%20on%20the%20importance%20of%20daily%20occupation%20within%20social%20psychiatry's%20daily%20work%20for%20the%20participants'%20psychological%20well-being.%20There,%20participants%20can%20visit%20the%20daily%20occupation%20four%20days%20a%20week%20with%20staff%20who%20support%20and%20motivate%20the%20participants%20in%20their%20everyday%20life.%20The%20study's%20questions%20focus%20on%20the%20participants'%20experience%20of%20the%20importance%20of%20daily%20occupation%20based%20on%20three%20themes;%20the%20social%20environment,%20emotions,%20and%20well-being.%20The%20theoretical%20framework%20for%20the%20study%20is%20based%20on%20Antonovsky's%20theory%20KASAM,%20which%20stands%20for%20sense%20of%20coherence%20while%20the%20other%20theory%20originates%20from%20work%20therapy%20where%20Leufstadius%20and%20Argenzell%20describe%20the%20connection%20between%20activity%20and%20relationship%20as%20relevant%20rehabilitation%20for%20the%20target%20group%20with%20mental%20illness.%20This%20is%20through%20semi-structured%20interviews%20with%20the%20participants%20with%20support%20from%20the%20qualitative%20research%20method.%20%0A%0AThe%20results%20of%20the%20study%20show%20that%20participants%20expressed%20the%20daily%20occupation%20as%20an%20open%20and%20welcoming%20place%20for%20all%20types%20of%20people%20who%20have%20difficulties%20with%20mental%20illness.%20This%20was%20due%20to%20a%20functioning%20collaboration%20between%20staff%20and%20participants%20with%20a%20strong%20trust%20and%20confidence%20in%20the%20staff.%20The%20results%20showed%20that%20the%20participants%20experienced%20emotions%20in%20the%20form%20of%20joy%20that%20the%20occupation%20improved%20their%20well-being.%20Overall,%20the%20results%20show%20that%20employment%20is%20significant%20in%20the%20sense%20that%20the%20participants%20feel%20involved%20in%20a%20social%20and%20meaningful%20context,%20which%20for%20them%20is%20a%20healthy%20factor%20for%20mental%20health.%20%0A" data-classname="equation" data-title="" />

Bakgrund: Personer med spelproblem har betydligt oftare suicidtankar, suicidplaner och suicidförsök än den allmänna befolkningen. Spelproblem är ett folkhälsoproblem då det kan ge allvarliga sociala, hälsomässiga och ekonomiska konsekvenser för individen, för närstående och för samhället i stort. Syftet med den kvalitativa studien är att öka kunskapen om spelberoende samt få fördjupad förståelse för de spelfria spelberoendes upplevelser om deras väg till tillfrisknande. Metoden jag har använt mig av är kvalitativt inriktad forskning till följd av att jag vill förstå problemspelares upplevelser och syn på deras livsvärld och på så sätt få detaljrika berättelser. Resultatet av studien är att åtta kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer har genomförts med åtta spelfria spelberoende från tre ideella föreningar i tre olika städer i landet. Intervjumaterialet har därefter analyserats utifrån två teoretiska verktyg; Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) och stigma. Slutsatsen av studien är att intervjupersonerna hade upplevt personlighetsförändringar där lögn, manipulationer och stjäla pengar blev deras vardag. De levde i sin bubbla för att de kände skam och skuld över att berätta för sina närstående om spelberoendet som orsakade förödande negativa konsekvenser för deras psykiska hälsa, sociala relationer och ekonomi. Vägen mot tillfrisknandet har varit i samband med kapitulationen och stödet från anhöriga men framförallt från självhjälpsgrupperna som har varit avgörande för upprätthållandet av återhållsamheten. / Background: People with gambling problems have significantly more frequent suicidal thoughts, plans and suicide attempts than the general population. Gambling problems are a public health problem as it can have serious social, health and economic consequences for the individual, for relatives and for society as a whole. The purpose of the qualitative study is to increase knowledge about gambling addiction and gain an in-depth understanding of the former gambling addicts´ perceptions and experiences about their path to recovery. The method I have used is qualitative research as a result of the fact that I want to understand problem players' experiences and views of their world of life and thus get detailed stories. The result of the study is that eight qualitative research interviews were conducted with eight former gambling addicts from three non-profit support groups in three different cities in the country. The interview material was then analyzed based on two theoretical tools; Sense of coherence (SOC) and stigma. The conclusion of the study is that the interviewees had experienced personality changes where lying, manipulation and stealing money became their everyday life. They lived in their bubble because they felt ashamed and guilty about telling their loved ones about gambling addiction that caused devastating negative consequences for their mental health, social relationships and finances. The path to recovery has been in connection with the capitulation and support from relatives, but above all from the self-help groups that have been crucial for maintaining restraint.