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<p>Modern krigföring genomförs till stor del i form av gemensamma operationer. Helikoptern är en relativt ny tillgång i modern krigföring men används i stor utsträckning för olika uppgifter. Helikopterns förmåga att flyga men ändå bibehålla en nära kontakt med markstyrkorna har gjort den unik, men det har även inneburit att den har varit svår att placera, luft eller mark, vilket i sin tur inneburit att teoriutvecklingen kring helikoptern gått långsamt. Uppsatsen skall beskriva ett tänkbart sätt att nyttja helikopterns förmågor i gemensamma operationer. Arbetet utförs i två steg där första steget görs för att generera en teori utifrån teorier om kombinerad bekämpning, gemensamma operationer och teorier om helikopterns förmågor. Därefter genomförs en fallstudie i syfte att undersöka i vilken utsträckning teorin kan anses vara prövbar i ett senare skede.</p> / <p>Modern warfare of today is to a large extent carried out as joint operations. The helicopter is a fairly new asset for modern warfare but is used frequently for different tasks. The helicopters ability to fly and yet remain in close contact with the ground forces makes it unique, but that is also one of the major reasons why it has been hard to lable the helicopter, air or ground, which in turn is why theory development regarding helicopters has been slow. This essay will attemp to describe a plausible way to use helikopters in joint operations. It will be done in two steps where the first step aims to generate a theory that derives from the theories behind combined arms warfare, joint operations and theories regarding the helicopter abilitys. The theory will be used in an exemplifying case study that aims to investigate to what extent the theory can be regarded as valid and subjected to a test.</p>

Modern krigföring genomförs till stor del i form av gemensamma operationer. Helikoptern är en relativt ny tillgång i modern krigföring men används i stor utsträckning för olika uppgifter. Helikopterns förmåga att flyga men ändå bibehålla en nära kontakt med markstyrkorna har gjort den unik, men det har även inneburit att den har varit svår att placera, luft eller mark, vilket i sin tur inneburit att teoriutvecklingen kring helikoptern gått långsamt. Uppsatsen skall beskriva ett tänkbart sätt att nyttja helikopterns förmågor i gemensamma operationer. Arbetet utförs i två steg där första steget görs för att generera en teori utifrån teorier om kombinerad bekämpning, gemensamma operationer och teorier om helikopterns förmågor. Därefter genomförs en fallstudie i syfte att undersöka i vilken utsträckning teorin kan anses vara prövbar i ett senare skede. / Modern warfare of today is to a large extent carried out as joint operations. The helicopter is a fairly new asset for modern warfare but is used frequently for different tasks. The helicopters ability to fly and yet remain in close contact with the ground forces makes it unique, but that is also one of the major reasons why it has been hard to lable the helicopter, air or ground, which in turn is why theory development regarding helicopters has been slow. This essay will attemp to describe a plausible way to use helikopters in joint operations. It will be done in two steps where the first step aims to generate a theory that derives from the theories behind combined arms warfare, joint operations and theories regarding the helicopter abilitys. The theory will be used in an exemplifying case study that aims to investigate to what extent the theory can be regarded as valid and subjected to a test.

Combined arms is a central and integral part of how Sweden’s armed forces choose to operate on strategic, operative and tactical level. Despite this fact the manuals, regulations and doctrine which Sweden’s armed forces rely on does not allow for tracing the military theory behind the concept. Focusing on Sweden’s light air assault battalion, which only have lighter weapons, the question arise on how they are to achieve combined arms. The study’s aim was to get an answer if combined arms also are applicable to airborne and air assult operations. To tackle this question this study used Robert Leonhard’s theory of combined arms and asked the question of how it can explain success and failure in two historic cases, operation Mercur 1941 and operation Market Garden 1944. The analysis focused on the initial three days of each operation. The method used was a qualitative textanalysis of empirical descriptions of the events during the initial phases of the operations using indicators deducted from Robert Leonhard´s theory of combined arms. The result was that combined arms was used extensively in operation Mercur and by quite a large degree in operation Market Garden. What the analysis show is that despite the fact that it was used to quite an extent during operation Market Garden it was not sufficient to achieve success, however in operation Mercur it played a big role in achieving success. The analysis on the operations showed that other factors played a role such as veterancy, differences in equipment and tactics but also a difference in numbers.

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Even though battles have been fought in built-up areas for a long time, there have not been any specific theories connected to it. As the world becomes increasingly urbanized, the problem of not having any complete theories with which to analyze military operations in urban terrain becomes bigger. This essay aims to contribute to the field of military theory by investigating if Robert Leonhard’s theory of combined arms can be used in analyzing such operations and to be able to explaining the outcome of them.   The main question posed in this essay is; to what extent can Leonhard’s theory explain the outcome of military operations in urban terrain? The method used to answer this question is a comparative method formed as a case study of two military operations in urban terrain, Operation Vigilant Resolve and Operation Phantom Fury, which both took place in Fallujah during the Iraq war 2004. The intention is to test Leonhard’s theory in both cases by assigning the theory several indicators, which are tested in each case.   The result shows that the indicators appeared almost equally in both cases, even though one of the operations was said to be a success and the other a failure. However during the occasions when the coalition force used combined arms, both operations achieved military effectiveness. The conclusion is that Leonhard’s theory of combined arms cannot be used to explain the outcome of military operations in urban terrain. The theory has not been verified and strengthened by empirical evidence, but weakened, which is the opposite of what should have been the result. Combined arms-theory cannot be used to assimilate lessons learned from military operations in urban terrain.

<p>De svenska sjöoperativa helikoptersystemen såg sitt ljus för första gången på 1950-talet. Sedan denna pionjärålder har dessa system varit en del av den svenska marina krigföringen. Men vilken påverkan har de i realiteten haft på denna krigföring och hur har den svenska taktiken påverkats av helikoptersystemen?  Syftet med denna uppsats är att är utröna detta genom att belysa tre årtionden som har varit av stor vikt för det svenska marinflyget: 1960-talet, 1980-talet samt 2000-talet.</p><p>För att lättare påvisa vilken effekt dessa system har haft på den svenska marina krigföringen så utgår denna uppsats ur den teori som inom krigsvetenskapen kallas för kombinerad bekämpning. Denna teori behandlar de fenomen och fördelar som uppstår då flera vapensystem och/eller vapenslag kombineras för att uppnå en synergieffekt på slagfältet. Vinsten med denna synergieffekt är att befälhavaren lättare kan behålla initiativet och har fler valmöjligheter vid bekämpandet av en fiende. De egna sidans styrka skall i största möjliga mån ställas mot fiendens svagheter. </p><p> Uppsatsen visar på att under de specifika årtiondena har de sjöoperativa helikoptersystemen haft en stor betydelse för den svenska marina krigföringen och då framförallt inom området ubåtsjakt. Resultatet av studien visar vidare på att den påverkan som dessa system har haft på krigföringen varierar mellan de olika årtiondena med 1980-talet som de årtionde där påverkan har varit som störst. Tongivande för uppsatsen har varit den ubåtsjakt som bedrivits under de specifika årtiondena men den studie som genomförts i uppsatsen har även belyst andra områden som de sjöoperativa helikoptrarna har påverkat såsom transport, havsövervakning och ytmålspaning. Dock har påverkan här visat sig vara mindre än inom området ubåtsjakt.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study is to examine to what extent the Royal Swedish Navy Fleet Air Arm (RSNFAA), and more specifically the helicopters assigned to this weapons branch, has effected Swedish naval warfare tactics during three separate decades: namely the 1960´s 1980´s and 2000´s.  </p><p>The study takes its starting point in the theories that war science referrers to as combined arms.</p><p>The characteristics of the combined arms theory are to combine different weapon systems and weapon branches to conquer the enemy by attacking his weak spots. By combining weapon systems the commander in question will minimize his own weaknesses on the battlefield and therefore gain the upper hand on the enemy. </p><p>This theory gives a good theoretical view when analyzing which impact the Sea based operations- helicopters (SBO) have had during the specific decades that are being examined due to its ability to be applied on both land and naval forces.</p><p>Literature on the combined arms theory as well as historical documents over these three decades constitutes the main sources which have been used to carry out the study.</p><p>The result of the study shows that the implementing SBO-helicopters in the Swedish naval warfare tactics have had a major effect and more specifically in the AntiSubmarine Warfare (ASuW) area.</p>

De svenska sjöoperativa helikoptersystemen såg sitt ljus för första gången på 1950-talet. Sedan denna pionjärålder har dessa system varit en del av den svenska marina krigföringen. Men vilken påverkan har de i realiteten haft på denna krigföring och hur har den svenska taktiken påverkats av helikoptersystemen?  Syftet med denna uppsats är att är utröna detta genom att belysa tre årtionden som har varit av stor vikt för det svenska marinflyget: 1960-talet, 1980-talet samt 2000-talet. För att lättare påvisa vilken effekt dessa system har haft på den svenska marina krigföringen så utgår denna uppsats ur den teori som inom krigsvetenskapen kallas för kombinerad bekämpning. Denna teori behandlar de fenomen och fördelar som uppstår då flera vapensystem och/eller vapenslag kombineras för att uppnå en synergieffekt på slagfältet. Vinsten med denna synergieffekt är att befälhavaren lättare kan behålla initiativet och har fler valmöjligheter vid bekämpandet av en fiende. De egna sidans styrka skall i största möjliga mån ställas mot fiendens svagheter.   Uppsatsen visar på att under de specifika årtiondena har de sjöoperativa helikoptersystemen haft en stor betydelse för den svenska marina krigföringen och då framförallt inom området ubåtsjakt. Resultatet av studien visar vidare på att den påverkan som dessa system har haft på krigföringen varierar mellan de olika årtiondena med 1980-talet som de årtionde där påverkan har varit som störst. Tongivande för uppsatsen har varit den ubåtsjakt som bedrivits under de specifika årtiondena men den studie som genomförts i uppsatsen har även belyst andra områden som de sjöoperativa helikoptrarna har påverkat såsom transport, havsövervakning och ytmålspaning. Dock har påverkan här visat sig vara mindre än inom området ubåtsjakt. / The purpose of this study is to examine to what extent the Royal Swedish Navy Fleet Air Arm (RSNFAA), and more specifically the helicopters assigned to this weapons branch, has effected Swedish naval warfare tactics during three separate decades: namely the 1960´s 1980´s and 2000´s.   The study takes its starting point in the theories that war science referrers to as combined arms. The characteristics of the combined arms theory are to combine different weapon systems and weapon branches to conquer the enemy by attacking his weak spots. By combining weapon systems the commander in question will minimize his own weaknesses on the battlefield and therefore gain the upper hand on the enemy.  This theory gives a good theoretical view when analyzing which impact the Sea based operations- helicopters (SBO) have had during the specific decades that are being examined due to its ability to be applied on both land and naval forces. Literature on the combined arms theory as well as historical documents over these three decades constitutes the main sources which have been used to carry out the study. The result of the study shows that the implementing SBO-helicopters in the Swedish naval warfare tactics have had a major effect and more specifically in the AntiSubmarine Warfare (ASuW) area.

Upon consultation with NPS faculty, the School has determined that this thesis may be released to the public, its distribution is unlimited effective August 25, 2011. / One result of the break-up of the Soviet Union is that the DOD has been forced to reevaluate the roles of each of the Armed Services based on the declining resource pool. From the Marine Corps' evaluation of itself came the Combined Arms Regiment (CAR) concept. The objective of this study was to develop an estimate of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of the two possible vehicles used with the CAR and the CAR's components. Standard cost factors are used to cost out the various organizations involved. Two supporting analyses done in this study are: an evaluation of the Marine Corps' role in national security and how the CAR could be used to support that security role, and a comparison of the vehicle option operating characteristics which was done to enrich the dimensions under which the CAR could be evaluated. The results of the study are a tool which can help Marine Corps planners make more informed decisions in regards to the CAR concept. The final conclusion, based on the assumption that any CAR would act as a follow-on element of the MAGTF, was that although the CAR(LAV) was a workable option, the CAR using upgraded AAVs was the better, more cost effective option.

Stridsvagnsminans utveckling i helhet har under de senaste 20 åren mer eller mindre stått still. I försvarsberedningens slutrapport Värnkraft beskrivs fördröjande fältarbeten med minor som ett av de prioriterade områdena för Försvarsmaktens ingenjörförband. Med denna prioritering finns ett syfte att undersöka hur vidare minor fortsatt kommer att påverka den mekaniserade striden i framtiden.  För att studera minors påverkan på den mekaniserade striden har den här studien använt Totalförsvarets forskningsinstituts simuleringsverktyg Suss-mek. Minvapnet finns sedan tidigare inte implementerat i programmet. Därför undersöks också vilka nyckelegenskaper som bör ingå i simulering med minor i strid.  Resultatet visar att effekten av framtidens minor på den mekaniserade striden kommer i grunden vara densamma som idag. Däremot kommer teknologin för framtidens minor göra att minan i sig kommer att bli effektivare med högre sannolikhet att nedkämpa motståndaren. Studien kommer också fram till flera relevanta nyckelegenskaper, till exempel front, djup, densitet och fasta beteenden vid sammanstötminering. Det är egenskaper som måste tas hänsyn till vid modellering av minor i ett simuleringsverktyg. / The development of the antitank mine has more or less stood still for the past 20 years. In the Defense Committee's final report Värnkraft, counter-mobility operations with landmines is described as one of the priority areas for the Swedish Armed Forces' combat engineer units. With this priority, there is a purpose to investigate how mines will continue to affect the mechanized battle in the future.  To study the impact of antitank mines on the mechanized battle, this study has used the Swedish Defense Research Agency's simulation tool Suss-mek. The mine weapon has not previously been implemented in the program. Therefore, it is also investigated which key characteristics that should be included in simulation with mines in battle.  The results show that the impact of future antitank- mines in mechanized battle will basically be the same as today. On the other hand, the technology of the future mines will make the mine itself more efficient with a higher probability to kill. The study also shows several relevant key characteristics for example: front, depth, density and fixed behaviours during entering minefield. They are characteristics that must be considered when modelling mines in a simulation tool.