Communication skill is one of the key competencies that pupils should achieve during the compulsory education. The subject of this work - teaching pragmatic aspects is closely related to communication competence. The thesis focuses on teaching of pragmatic aspects in primary schools. Based on the theoretical literature there are defined basic terms such as cooperative communication, politeness principle, manipulation, argumentation, nonverbal communication and assertiveness. In the practical part the thesis focuses on the analysis of textbooks - how are the pragmatic aspects included in the textbooks. Other part is concerned with the analysis of the survey in which several teachers were asked about how the pragmatic aspects of speech communication are taught and how well is this subject matter mastered by their pupils. The last section includes worksheets, in which the activities are designed to practice examined pragmatic aspects.

Patienter med nedsatt kommunikationsförmåga har begränsade möjligheter till att förmedla sin smärtupplevelse. Sjuksköterskan har till uppgift att bedöma patientens smärta vilket kan vara oerhört komplext. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att  belysa  bedömning av smärta hos vuxna patienter med nedsatt kommunikationsförmåga. Litteraturstudiens resultat grundades på 15 kvalitativa och kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar som kvalitetsgranskades och bearbetades. Analysen av dessa artiklar resulterade i två teman: smärtbedömning av vuxna patienter med nedsatt kommunikationsförmåga och smärtuttryck hos vuxna patienter med nedsatt kommunikationsförmåga. Smärtan är flerdimensionell och bör ses som en helhet, då den bottnar i både fysiska och psykiska faktorer. Smärtan uttrycker sig på flera sätt, detta bör därför lyftas fram och diskuteras mer i sjuksköterskeutbildningen och på klinik. Tidigare forskning har visat att kvinnor upplever och uttrycker mer smärta än män. Kommande forskning bör inriktas mot hur vida smärtuttrycken skiljer sig åt och om smärtbedömningsinstrument är anpassade för de olika könen var för sig. Genom bearbetning av resultatet skapades en checklista (LARV) för att bedöma olika smärtupplevelser hos patienter med nedsatt kommunikationsförmåga. LARV är tänkt som en tillgång och ett komplement till sjuksköterskans smärtbedömning utifrån kompetens och erfarenhet. LARV bör prövas inom vården för att utvecklas. / Patients with impaired communication skills has limited ability to                         communicate their pain experience. The nurse is responsible for                         assessing the patient's pain, which can be extremely complex. The                         purpose of this study was to illustrate the assessment of pain in adult                     patients with impaired communication skills. The result were based on                     15 qualitative and quantitative research articles that are peer reviewed                     and processed. The analysis of these articles resulted in two themes:                     pain assessment of adult patients with impaired communication skills                     and pain expression in adult patients with impaired communication                     skills The pain is multidimensional and should be considered as a                         wholeness and contains both physical and psychological factors. The                     pain is expressed in many ways, this should be highlighted and                         discussed more in nursing education and in practice.                     Previous research has shown that women experience and express more                     pain than men. Future research should focus on how far pain                         expressions are different and if the pain assessment instruments are                     designed for the different sexes separately.By the result a checklist was created (LARV) to assess the different experience of pain in patients with impaired communication skills. LARV is meant as an asset and complement to the nurses pain assessment that is based on competence and experience. LARV should           be evaluated in health care to be improved.

No description available.

Communication deficits are often evident in students with moderate-to-severe developmental disabilities. For these students, basic communication needs, like asking to use the restroom, requesting food or expressing discomfort are a challenge. Frustration caused by communication deficits can lead the student to express interfering behaviors, which may interrupt student learning. This paper identifies and describes evidence-based practices (EBPs) used to increase functional communication skills for students with moderate-to-severe developmental disabilities. This review focuses on functional communication training (FCT) and the picture exchange communication system (PECS) and their use to increase functional communication skills. The study also explains how to implement FCT and PECS and the results and challenges that may take place during the implementation process. This is an informative paper intended for special education teachers who work with students with moderate-to-severe disabilities.

Abstract Social communication skills play a central role in the developmental outcomes for young children with autism. Due to deficits in social communication skills, many young children with autism develop problem behavior. Providing these children with the right tools to communicate properly may decrease their problem behavior. This study examines the impact of contingency mapping intervention on problem behavior and functional communication skills in three children with autism, using a multiple-baseline design. Before implementation of contingency mapping, verbal contingency was implemented in the first phase of intervention, which was associated with minimal increases in communication skills and decreases in problem behavior across children. Further increases in communication skills and decreases in problem behavior in the contingency mapping condition indicate that the use of the contingency map as a visual aid may be an effective way to augment the effects of contingency instruction.

No description available.

This study examines and analyzes conflict management and effective communication from several complementary perspectives. The purpose of the study is to identify common types of conflicts that learners confront in the process of EFL learning / to examine and analyze EFL learners&#039 / own strategies to deal with conflicts based on the conflict handling modes in the process of EFL learning / to find out their needs in terms of effective communication skills necessary to manage conflicts / and to analyze their attitudes toward conflict management learning and their needs for conflict management strategies. In order to achieve this aim, a survey research is preferred and the quantitaitve data gathered through the questionnaires were supported with the qualitative data obtained from the interivews with participants EFL learners. In the questiionnaire, there were two parts. The first one was a demographic inventory designed to gather the demographic characteristics of the participants. In the second part, four sub-sections were desgined: (1) a rank answer questionnaire to identify common types of conflicts that learners confront in the process of EFL learning / (2) a slightly adapted, Likert scale questionnaire which was translated to Turkish by G&uuml / m&uuml / seli (1994) from the Rahim Organizational conflict Inventory II (ROCI II) to identify EFL learners&#039 / conflict management strategies / (3) another Likert scale questionnaire to find out their needs in terms of effective communication skills necessary to manage conflicts / and (4) an alternative answer questionnaire to analyze learners&#039 / attitudes toward conflict management learning and their needs for conflict management strategies. The result of these questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS 15.0. This data gathering instrument was implemented on 339 students at the preparatory school TOBB University of Economics and Technology. Data gathered from 171 students from the same school were used for the piloting of the stduy. The data gahthered from 339 students at ETU Preparatory School represented the results of the main study. In analyzing the data, descriptive statistics as frequency, percent, average, and standard deviation and inferential statistics as ANOVA was used. As the second scale of the current study, semi-structered interviewsw were conducted with 12 students studying at the same university. The results of the interviews were analyzed through content analysis. The results of the study revealed that there is a relationship between EFL learners&#039 / conflict managament strategies, need for effective communication skills, and their gender, scholarship status, last school graduated, and duration of study at a particular university. Additionally, the study displayed that students confornt various types of conflict and they need to learn conflict management skills and effective communication skills to deal with conflicts successfully.

Probleminis klausimas: Ar ugdymo programa padeda ugdyti žaidžiančių krepšinį moksleivių savikontrolės ir bendravimo įgūdžius? Probleminio klausimo formulavimas leido iškelti hipotezę: Po ugdymo programos žaidžianči�� krepšinį moksleivių savikontrolės ir bendravimo įgūdžiai yra aukštesnio lygio. Tyrimo tikslas: atskleisti krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių savikontrolės ir bendravimo įgūdžių ugdymo ypatumus. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių (vaikinų ir merginų) savikontrolės ir bendravimo įgūdžių lygį. 2. Ugdomuoju eksperimentu atskleisti ugdymo programos poveikį krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių socialinės ir varžybin��s savikontrolės įgūdžiams. 3. Ugdomuoju eksperimentu nustatyti ugdymo programos poveikį krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių verbaliniams, neverbaliniams, situaciniams ir varžybiniams (kodavimo, dekodavimo) bendravimo įgūdžiams. Anketinei apklausai buvo panaudotos 3 LKKA psichologijos ir pedagogikos katedroje aprobuotos metodikos. Tyrimas buvo atliekamas Kauno miesto mokyklose, buvo ištirta 147 žaidžiantys krepšinį moksleiviai (15–16 metų), tarp kurių 78 vaikinai ir 69 merginos. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad žaidžiančių krepšinį vaikinų savikontrolės įgūdžiai yra geresni (p< 0,05), nei žaidžiančių krepšinį merginų. Merginų ir vaikinų socialiniai gebėjimai yra panašaus lygio (p>0,05). Vaikinų kodavimo ir dekodavimo įgūdžiai yra aukštesnio lygio (p<0,05), nei merginų Po ugdomojo eksperimento krepšinį žaidžiančių moksleivių socialinės ir varžybinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Problematic question of my work is: Does the training program help educate self–control and communication skills of pupil basketball payers? The problematic question let me hypothesize. The pupil basketball player’s self–control and communication skills become better after training program. The objective of investigation is to reveal the self–control and communication skills training peculiarity of basketball – playing pupil. The goals of investigation are: 1. To ascertain the self–control and communication skills level of basketball – playing pupil (boys and girls). 2. To reveal the effect of education program of basketball – playing pupil social and competitive self – control with education experiment 3. To reveal the effect of education program of basketball – playing pupil verbal, nonverbal, situational and competitive (encode and decode) with education experiment Questionnaires poll. There were used 3 LKKA sanctioned method of psychology and pedagogy department. The research was carried out in Kaunas city secondary schools. In this research participated 147 basketball – playing pupil (15 – 16 year old): 78 boys and 69 girls. During research were examined, that basketball – playing boys self – control skills are better (p<0,05), then basketball – playing girls. Basketball – playing boys and girls social skills are similar level (p>0,05). Basketball – playing boys code and encode skills is higher level then girls (p<0,05). After education program basketball – playing... [to full text]

Tyrimo problema: kaip yra išugdyti kelionių agentūrų darbuotojų komunikaciniai gebėjimai? Darbo tikslas - įvertinti kelionių agentūrų darbuotojų komunikacinius gebėjimus. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Apibūdinti komunikacijos organizacijoje teorinę sampratą ir reikšmę; 2. Išanalizuoti vidinės komunikacijos reikšmę efektyviai organizacijos veiklai; 3. Išskirti darbuotojų komunikacinius gebėjimus ir jų reikšmę darbinei veiklai; 4. Nustatyti kelionių agentūrų darbuotojų komunikacinių gebėjimų išugdymo lygį; 5. Atskleisti kelionių agentūrų darbuotojų komunikacijos efektyvumą. Rezultatai: • Nustatyta, kad darbuotojų komunikacinių gebėjimų išugdymo lygis - gebėjimas reikšti mintis balsu, kūno kalba, gebėjimas klausinėti, klausytis, konsultuoti, įtikinti - yra vidutiniškas. Puikiai išugdytas gebėjimas buvo tik informaciją perduoti žodžiais. Pastabėta, kad gebėjimas komunikuoti su kitos kultūros žmonėmis, kuris vienas iš svarbiausių turizmo organizacijų darbuotojams, yra išugdytas silpniausiai. Komunikacinių gebėjimų išugdymo lygį lyginant su užimamomis pareigomis pastebėta tendencija, kad vadovai yra geriau išsiugdę visus komunikacinius gebėjimus, o lyginant su išsilavinimu pastebėta, kad aukštesnį išsilavinimą įgiję darbuotojai turi daugiau puikiai išugdytų komunikacinių gebėjimų. • Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad didžioji dalis tiriamųjų mano, kad jų komunikacija yra efektyvi ar labai efektyvi. Darbuotojų savo komunikacijos efektyvumo vertinimo ir komunikacinių gebėjimų išugdymo lygio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research problem: how much are tourism organization employees’ communication skills developed? Research purpose: to assess the travel agency employees’ communication skills. Research goals: 1. Describe the communication in organization theoretical concept and meaning; 2. Analyze the internal communication meaning for an effective organizational performance; 3. Set up communication skills of employees and their meanings to work activities; 4. Set the travel agency employees communication skills development level; 5. Abstract travel agency employees communication effectiveness. Results: • Employees’ communication skills development level- the ability to express themselves invoice, body language, the ability to ask questions, to listen, to advice and to persuade –is inadequate. Well developed ability to communicate the information was just words, therefore it is likely that employees can speak easy and understandably, using appropriate words. Research noticed that the ability to communicate with people from other culture, which is one of the most important tourism organizations employees’ skills, is the least educated. Communication skills development levels, compared to obligations, has shown the tendency that directors have better developed all communication skills and in comparison with education, it is observed that higher educated employees have more well developed communication skills. • The results revealed that the majority of subjects believe that their communication is... [to full text]

Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti kūrybinių metodų taikymo ergoterapijoje efektyvumą, ugdant sergančiųjų psichikos ligomis bendravimo įgūdžius. Uždaviniai: (1) įvertinti sergančiųjų psichikos ligomis bendrą elgesį pradžioje ir pabaigoje ergoterapijos taikant kūrybinius ir nekūrybinius metodus, (2) įvertinti sergančiųjų psichikos ligomis tarpasmeninį elgesį pradžioje ir pabaigoje ergoterapijos taikant kūrybinius ir nekūrybinius metodus, (3) įvertinti sergančiųjų psichikos ligomis užduočių atlikimo kokybę pradžioje ir pabaigoje ergoterapijos taikant kūrybinius ir nekūrybinius metodus. Metodika: Tyrimas buvo vykdomas 2012 m. kovo-birželio mėn. Kauno rajono Vilkijos neįgaliųjų sąjungoje, Vilkijos PSPC ir UAB „Neuronas“ įstaigoje. Tyrime dalyvavo 32 sergantys psichikos ligomis tiriamieji(amžius nuo 22 iki 71 metų): moterys 71,9 proc. (n=23) ir 28,1 proc. (n=9) vyrai. Visiems tiriamiesiems buvo taikoma ergoterapija grupėse: tiriamųjų grupėje taikyti kūrybiniai, o kontrolinėje grupėje – nekūrybiniai metodai. Vyko 10 ergoterapijos užsiėmimų, pora kartų savaitėje. Veiklos trukmė – 1 val. Visi tiriamieji buvo vertinami tyrėjo sukurta anketa ir „Visapusiško užimtumo terapijos vertinimo skale“ (angl COTE). Rezultatai. Tyrimo metu taikant kūrybinius ir nekūrybinius metodus ergoterapijoje ugdant respondentų bendrą elgesį (BE), tarpasmeninį elgesį (TE) ir užduoties atlikimo elgesį (UAE) užduoties atlikimo metu nustatėme, kad: BE – efektyvūs nekūrybiniai metodai ugdant respondentų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objectives: (1) to evaluate the general behaviour of people with mental disorderat the beginning and at the end of occupational therapy by applying creative and non-creative methods; (2) to evaluate interpersonal behaviour of people with mental disorder at the beginning and at the end of occupational therapy by applying creative and non-creative methods; (3) to evaluatethe quality of task performance at the beginning and at the end of occupational therapy by applying creative and non-creative methods. Methods: The research was carried out in Vilkija during March–June, 2012, at the Alliance for People with Disabilities in Kaunas District, Vilkija Primary Health Care Centre, and UAB Neuronas (Ltd.). 32 participants with mental disorder (age between 22 and 71) were involved in the research: 71.9 per cent (n=23) of women and 28.1 per cent (n=9) of men. Occupational therapy in groups was applied for all individuals in the study: in the research group, the creative methods were employed, whereas in the control group, the non-creative methods were applied. There were 10 sessions of occupational therapy, twice a week. The duration of the activity was 1 hour. All individuals in the study were assessed by the researcher’s questionnaire and the Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Evaluation Scale (COTE scale). Results. During the research, applying creative and non-creative methods in occupational therapy for the development of respondents’ General Behaviour (GB), Interpersonal... [to full text]