Este trabalho analisa Aparição, obra do escritor português Vergílio Ferreira (1916-1996), na perspectiva da temática existencialista e nos aspectos de tempo e espaço. Vergílio, na linha de Sartre e, principalmente, de Heidegger, é obcecado pelo mistério do ser, pela procura do sentido da existência humana, o que o leva a refletir e observar sem cessar o homem, suas idéias e ações. Preso a um espaço e tempo determinado, com uma pseudoliberdade, o homem pensa e age inconscientemente, enfrenta problemas de relacionamento de seu eu com o eu do outro e não sabe como se colocar perante a finitude da vida. O homem deve procurar sua aparição ou epifania, aparecendo a si mesmo, com plena consciência de suas possibilidades e limitações, capaz de conhecer-se e assumir-se como ser com o outro, para a morte ou contra a morte. Filosofias e religiões não dão conta de conduzir o homem no caminho de busca de si mesmo. Ele está só, preso a um espaço e tempo povoados pela memória da morte, por diálogos que nunca se completam e símbolos que nada significam. Espaço e tempo são expressão, causa e conseqüência do pensamento e ação das personagens de Vergílio. É preciso evitar o espaço de baixo, apertado, frio, sem portas e sair para o sol, a lua, o campo, não se perder em tradições que estrangulam o progresso, viver com consciência e autenticidade, fazer com que o inferno não sejam os outros, que a introspecção não impeça o homem de construir com responsabilidade seu destino. Com um estilo personalíssimo, Vergílio discute os mais palpitantes temas que angustiam o homem desta e de outras épocas, acreditando na possibilidade de convivência e comunicação entre os homens, não comunhão, desde que sejam autênticos e não exijam mais do que a condição humana - votada à morte, frágil, limitada, entregue exclusivamente a si mesma - pode proporcionar. Pela arte, o homem pode auto-afirmar-se, sentir-se criador e esquecer, mesmo que por instantes, o peso de sua condição humana. / This study analyses Aparição, a work of the Portuguese writer Vergílio Ferreira 1916-1996), in the perspective of existentialist theme, and in the aspects of time and space. Vergílio, like Sartre and, mainly, Heidegger, is fascinated by the being mystery and the search of the meaning of the human existence, which makes him to think and observe, without stopping, the man, his ideas and actions. Tied in a space and a definite time, with a false freedom, man unconsciously thinks and acts, faces communications problems from himself with the other, and he doesn\'t know how he stands facing the end of life. Man must search his apparition or epiphany, showing to himself, with a total idea of his possibilities and limitations, been able to know himself and also assume himself how to deal with the other man, with the death or against it. Philosophies and religions are not enough to guide the man in his way when looking for himself. He\'s absolutely alone, tied in a space and in a time full of memories of death, dialogues that never complete and symbols those mean nothing. Space and time are expressions, cause and consequence of the thought and action of Vergílio\'s characters. It\'s necessary to avoid down spaces, tied, cold, without doors and go to the direction of the sun, the moon, to long fields, not been lost in traditions that hold the progress and, although it seems unreasonable, to live with fairness and legitimateness the life, thinking that hell might not be the others, that introspection doesn\'t stop the action, and the man could be free to build, with responsibility his destiny.

The annual science fiction anthology series The Best Japanese SF started publication in 2009 and showcases domestic writers old and new and from a wide range of publishing backgrounds. Although representative of the second golden era of Japanese science fiction in print in its diversity and with an emphasis on that year in science fiction, as the volumes progress the editors’ unspoken agenda has become more pronounced, which is to create a set of expectations for the genre and to uphold writers Project Itoh and EnJoe Toh as exemplary of this current golden era. This thesis analyzes the context of the anthology series’ publication, how the anthology is constructed, and these two writers’ contributions to the genre as integral to the anthologies and important to the younger generation of writers in the genre.

La thèse s'attache à aborder, par le prisme de la notion de roman symbolique, un corpus de romans choisis parmi les œuvres de Sylvie Germain, Henry Bauchau et Philippe Le Guillou. La démarche de ces trois auteurs, investissant pleinement les ressources de la narration et du romanesque, permet de les situer dans une lignée littéraire qui rencontre le roman mythologique, initiatique, ou la démarche psychanalytique ; la notion de symbole se situe à la confluence de ces orientations, sans que l'on puisse résumer la démarche des trois romanciers à un seul de ces modèles. Le roman symbolique est ainsi situé dans le cadre des interrogations modernes et contemporaines, portant sur la représentation par l'écriture. Celle-ci apparaît comme symbolique dans le corpus, car la figuration se fait signification, et appel à l'interprétation : elle est aussi configuration et transfiguration. Une vision du monde ressort par conséquent de ces œuvres, renouvelant l'approche de questions, à dimension philosophique et spirituelle, qui sous-tendent tout système symbolique, celle de la situation de l'homme dans le monde, perçu comme une totalité avec laquelle on peut entrer en relation, et celle de la figuration de l'invisible, qu'il s'agisse d'une autre dimension de la réalité ou des profondeurs de l'intériorité. La thématique de la confrontation de l'homme à ce qui le dépasse ou lui échappe, ainsi présente dans les œuvres, a des conséquences sur la poétique du roman : c'est l'écriture elle-même qui manifeste un dépassement ou une inadéquation avec son objet, et se fait ainsi révélation d'une transcendance en creux, dont la présence paradoxale se réalise dans le langage romanesque. / Through the notion of symbolism in the novel, this thesis deals with a corpus of works written by Sylvie Germain, Henry Bauchau and Philippe Le Guillou. Thanks to fictional and narrative techniques, these authors' approach belongs to a literature between the mythological novel, the initiation rite genre or the psychoanalytical approach. The notion of symbol fits into the directions mentioned above ; however, the three novelists' approach cannot be restricted to one of these notions. The symbolic novel identifies with modern and contemporary questionings about representation in writing which appears through symbolism in the novels, for figuration turns into signification and appeals interpretation : it is both construction and metamorphosis. As a consequence, in these works the world is perceived with its philosophical and spiritual dimensions that are inherent in symbolism : the one of the man in the world seen in his entirety with whom communication is possible and the one of the figuration of the invisible whether it is another dimension of reality or deep inwardness. In these works, the theme of the man confronted to what is beyond him or what escapes from his reality impacts on the poetry of the novel : it is the writing itself that expresses an appearance or an inadequation with its topic and thus reveals an empty transcendance which paradoxal figuration exists in fictional language.

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a obra completa de Raduan Nassar e analisar de que forma a vertigem, a desmedida e o excesso inerentes ao erotismo moldam sua prosa. Essa obra ficcional encena, de variadas maneiras, a impossibilidade da verdade perante a pletora de possibilidades da palavra. Em geral, o embate entre as personagens ganha em complexidade quando um dos disputantes é também o dono da voz, apegado ao privilégio de transmitir sua visão única dos fatos. Na tensão entre uma apologia da destruição irrestrita da verdade e a defesa feroz da própria fala, reside uma afirmação categórica da virilidade do narrador, que é, na maior parte das vezes, realizada de forma violenta. Se isso acontece, talvez seja porque se trata, quase sempre, de uma virilidade à beira de um colapso e, se assim o for, potencializada tanto pela intensidade quanto pela precariedade. Essa hipótese ganha fôlego quando nos lembramos de que os confrontos entre o feminino e o masculino compõem um dos eixos da ficção de Nassar, não raro fortemente erotizada. A poética de Raduan Nassar esforça-se em ocultar o referente contextual e fazer o leitor perder-se em seu labirinto textual de pistas falsas ou bem guardadas. Daí a voracidade e a maneira em geral dissimulada com que se serve de textos tão distintos como os da Bíblia, do Alcorão, dos mitos gregos, da filosofia, da tradição hermético-alquímica, da literatura. Poética que opta por um caminho subterrâneo, sinuoso e indireto, entre a realidade e a ficção, e que leva em conta o fato de todas as questões humanas trazerem, sob a máscara da linguagem e o disfarce do cinismo, um componente fundamental de luta pelo poder e de controle de corpos. / This study aims to investigate how vertigo, lack of limits and excess intrinsic to eroticism shape Raduan Nassars prose in his complete works. In many senses, his fictional oeuvre stages the impossibility of truth before the plethora of written word possibilities. In general, the conflict amongst character has its complexity enhanced when one of them is also the one who speaks, compromised with the privilege of transmitting his or her single view of the facts. In the tension of an apology of unrestrained destruction of truth against the fierce defense of his or her speech itself lies a categorical statement of the narrators virility, which is, in most cases, carried out with violence. If that happens, it may be often due to a virility on the verge of collapse and, if so, empowered by both intensity and precariousness. This hypothesis is reinforced by the battle between feminine and masculine, often highly eroticized, which is one of the axes of Nassar fiction. Raduan Nassars poetics strive to hide the contextual referent and make the reader lose himself in its textual maze of false or shadowy tracks. That is the origin of the voracity and the stealthy way in which it alludes to texts as varied as the Bible, the Koran, Greek myths, philosophy, hermetic-alchemical tradition and literature. It regards the election of an underground, winding and oblique way between reality and fiction, and takes into account the fact that all human affairs bring as a key component, under the mask of language and the guise of cynicism, the struggle for power and the control of the body.

O objetivo deste é trabalho é refletir sobre os modos de leitura da prosa contemporânea, a partir do romance Budapeste, de Chico Buarque. Investigaram-se os fatores que permeiam as discussões sobre a publicação da obra, em 2003, ressaltando a crítica jornalística que, por ocasião do lançamento do livro, apontou, por inúmeras vezes, o valor literário do texto de Chico Buarque, assim como do artista, e as leituras que se deram na universidade, espaço de criação e de difusão de diversos estudos, dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado, produzidos, na última década, sobre o romance. Desta forma, propõe-se uma análise da repercussão do romance Budapeste no cenário literário contemporâneo, a partir das críticas jornalísticas e dos trabalhos acadêmicos produções que se voltaram à divulgação ou à investigação do romance. A presente dissertação não se baseia na análise da história da crítica literária, antes, tece uma apresentação da produção crítica no Brasil, destacando a sua importância, como forma de contextualizar as discussões apresentadas / The objective of this work is to reflect on ways of reading of contemporary prose, exemplified, in this dissertation, by the novel Budapest, by Chico Buarque, from the perspective of criticism and academia. The factors involved in the discussions about the publication of the work in 2003 were investigated, emphasizing journalistic criticism that, at the launch of the book, inumerously pointed out the literary value of the text of Chico Buarque, as well as the artist and publications that proliferated at universities, which are spaces of creation and dissemination of various studies, dissertations and doctoral theses produced in the last decade about the novel. Thus, an analysis of the impact of the novel Budapest in the contemporary literary scene is proposed, using journalistic criticism and scholarly work productions that have aimed at the disclosure or the investigation of the novel. This work is not based on the analysis of the history of literary criticism, but rather weaves a presentation of the critical production in Brazil, highlighting its importance as a way to contextualize the discussions presented

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a obra completa de Raduan Nassar e analisar de que forma a vertigem, a desmedida e o excesso inerentes ao erotismo moldam sua prosa. Essa obra ficcional encena, de variadas maneiras, a impossibilidade da verdade perante a pletora de possibilidades da palavra. Em geral, o embate entre as personagens ganha em complexidade quando um dos disputantes é também o dono da voz, apegado ao privilégio de transmitir sua visão única dos fatos. Na tensão entre uma apologia da destruição irrestrita da verdade e a defesa feroz da própria fala, reside uma afirmação categórica da virilidade do narrador, que é, na maior parte das vezes, realizada de forma violenta. Se isso acontece, talvez seja porque se trata, quase sempre, de uma virilidade à beira de um colapso e, se assim o for, potencializada tanto pela intensidade quanto pela precariedade. Essa hipótese ganha fôlego quando nos lembramos de que os confrontos entre o feminino e o masculino compõem um dos eixos da ficção de Nassar, não raro fortemente erotizada. A poética de Raduan Nassar esforça-se em ocultar o referente contextual e fazer o leitor perder-se em seu labirinto textual de pistas falsas ou bem guardadas. Daí a voracidade e a maneira em geral dissimulada com que se serve de textos tão distintos como os da Bíblia, do Alcorão, dos mitos gregos, da filosofia, da tradição hermético-alquímica, da literatura. Poética que opta por um caminho subterrâneo, sinuoso e indireto, entre a realidade e a ficção, e que leva em conta o fato de todas as questões humanas trazerem, sob a máscara da linguagem e o disfarce do cinismo, um componente fundamental de luta pelo poder e de controle de corpos. / This study aims to investigate how vertigo, lack of limits and excess intrinsic to eroticism shape Raduan Nassars prose in his complete works. In many senses, his fictional oeuvre stages the impossibility of truth before the plethora of written word possibilities. In general, the conflict amongst character has its complexity enhanced when one of them is also the one who speaks, compromised with the privilege of transmitting his or her single view of the facts. In the tension of an apology of unrestrained destruction of truth against the fierce defense of his or her speech itself lies a categorical statement of the narrators virility, which is, in most cases, carried out with violence. If that happens, it may be often due to a virility on the verge of collapse and, if so, empowered by both intensity and precariousness. This hypothesis is reinforced by the battle between feminine and masculine, often highly eroticized, which is one of the axes of Nassar fiction. Raduan Nassars poetics strive to hide the contextual referent and make the reader lose himself in its textual maze of false or shadowy tracks. That is the origin of the voracity and the stealthy way in which it alludes to texts as varied as the Bible, the Koran, Greek myths, philosophy, hermetic-alchemical tradition and literature. It regards the election of an underground, winding and oblique way between reality and fiction, and takes into account the fact that all human affairs bring as a key component, under the mask of language and the guise of cynicism, the struggle for power and the control of the body.

Le travail suivant tend à retracer la photographie du roman insulaire contemporain. En analysant le thème du retour dans certaines oeuvres sardes, siciliennes, corses et majorquines, nous voudrions souligner en particulier les points de ruptures avec le siècle passé voire remettre en question le concept d'île. / The following work aims at offering an overview of the contemporary insular novel. In particular, by analyzing the theme of the re-emergence in some works of Sardinia, Sicily, Corsica and Majorca, it intends to point out some divergencies from the tradition of the last century, which lead to questioning the concept is “island” itself. / Il seguente lavoro vuole tracciare una fotografia del romanzo insulare contemporaneo. In particolare, analizzando il tema del ritorno in alcune opere di Sardegna, Sicilia, Corsica e Maiorca, vorrebbe evidenziare i punti di rottura col secolo passato, sino a mettere in discus-sione il concetto stesso di ‘isola’.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar dois romances do escritor francês Jean Marie Gustave Le Clézio considerando a presença de um interdiscurso que caracteriza os textos. Nessa perspectiva, o romance Poisson d´or (1997) é, em parte, uma espécie de reescritura de sua obra-prima Désert (1980). Trata-se de dois discursos que se organizam um em relação ao outro garantindo uma permanente reconstrução temática que evoca dialeticamente a vida dos imigrantes marginalizados. Observa-se que as errâncias e os desejos das jovens protagonistas são o ponto comum entre as duas obras, Laïla e Lalla são duas e são uma só, elas representam um espelho identitário que reflete uma única face. A discussão acerca de identidade, imigração, exílio, retorno às origens e memória aponta para uma temática largamente debatida e explorada pela literatura lecleziana como mais uma forma de expressão dos marginalizados. Existem entre as narrativas inúmeras questões relativas à identidade do sujeito e ao declínio das tradições nas sociedades africanas e, como conseqüência dessa desestabilização social, o surgimento de novas identidades e a fragmentação do sujeito pós-colonial. Por fim, os romances têm como mesmo modelo o empreendimento de uma viagem de retorno ao espaço de origem, à pátria perdida, que se opõe severamente à acelerada vida moderna. Nessa fantasia de busca do paraíso perdido, encontra-se o possível estabelecimento de uma verdadeira identidade que porá fim ao dilema da errância dos desenraízados. / The purpose of this work is the analysis of two novels written by the french writer Jean Gustave Le Clézio considering the presence of an interdiscourse that characterizes the texts. In this perspective the novel Poisson dor (1997) is partly a kind of rewriting of his masterpiece Désert (1980). It is about two discourses that are organized one in relation of the other guaranteeing a permanent thematic reconstruction that evokes dialectly the life of marginalized immigrants. The wanders and wishes of the young main characters are the common point of both novels, Laïla and Lalla are two and one at the same time, they represent an identitary mirror that reflects a single face. The discussion about identity, immigration, exile, return to the origins and memory points out to a subject widely studied and debated by the specialists in Le Clézio as one more way of expression for the marginalized people. In the narratives there are many questions related to the identity of the subject and to the decline of the traditions in African societies and, as a consequence of this social desestabilization, to the appearance of new identities and the fragmantation of the postcolonial subject. At last, the novels have as the same model a journey of return to the origin space, to the lost country, that opposes strictly the accelerated pace of modern life. In this fantasy of search for the lost paradise, we can find the possible establishment of a true identity that will put an end to the dilemma of the wander of the people who live far from their country

Cette thèse s’attache à mettre au jour les formes et les usages du romanesque dans des fictions narratives écrites à partir de la fin du XXe siècle. Les œuvres de Jean-Philippe Toussaint et de Leslie Kaplan (venus à l’écriture autour des années 1980), et celles de Christine Montalbetti et de Tanguy Viel (dont les premières publications remontent au tournant des années 2000), me servent d’observatoire pour une ligne de force des écritures romanesques contemporaines. Celle-ci oscille entre une posture de réticence, face à l’esthétique romanesque mise à mal par les formalismes de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle mais aussi par toute une veine antiromanesque pluriséculaire, et un désir d’embrassement du romanesque, entendu comme répertoire narratif et imaginaire collectif. À partir de cette dynamique, l’étude dégage les modalités d’une présence indicielle du romanesque dans la production contemporaine, qui relève d’une écriture de la notation. Ce romanesque apparaît dès lors comme paradoxal sur trois niveaux : historique d’abord, puisqu’il ne cesse de redynamiser ses modalités d’écriture malgré des remises en question permanentes ; esthétique, puisqu’il s’affranchit de ses structures canoniques pour s’actualiser dans un rapport au lecteur fondé sur la reconnaissance et la familiarité ; axiologique et ontologique enfin, puisque l’imaginaire romanesque traditionnellement tourné vers une polarisation et une dramatisation extrêmes se trouve décentré, dans ces fictions, vers une attention au quotidien et au minuscule. Le romanesque devient ainsi un canal sensible qui informe les renouvellements contemporains de la mimésis, et fonde dans la fiction un espace d’empathie et de mise en circulation de l’expérience singulière. / This dissertation investigates the forms and uses of the romanesque in fictional narratives written starting at the end of the twentieth century. The works of Jean-Philippe Toussaint and Leslie Kaplan (who began their writing careers in the 1980s) and those of Christine Montalbetti and Tanguy Viel (whose early publications begin around the year 2000) serve as a point of observation for contemporary romanesque writing. This oscillates between a position of reticence, as the romanesque aesthetic was weakened by the formalism seen in the second half of the twentieth century as well as a long-term tradition of the “antiromanesque”, and a desire to embrace the romanesque. Starting from this dynamic, this work distinguishes the modalities by which there is an indicatory presence of the romanesque in contemporary fiction, highlighted through fragmentary writing that I show uses the romanesque as both a repository of narrative and a collective imagery. There the romanesque appears as paradoxical on three levels. First, on the historical level it never ceases to reinvigorate its modalities of writing despite being permanently questioned. Then on the aesthetic level it breaks away from its canonical structures to modernize itself through a relationship with the reader based upon recognition and familiarity. Finally, there is the axiological and ontological level, as romanesque imagery, traditionally turned toward an extreme polarization and dramatization, now encompasses the everyday and the minuscule. The romanesque thus becomes a significant channel that informs contemporary renewals of mimesis and establishes a place of empathy and singularity within fiction.

A movement in literature has evolved out of the aftermath of 9/11 to confront the spectacle of terrorism perpetuated by the corporate news media and find a way to respond to terrorism in a more ethical manner. In this dissertation, I examine the influence of the media on literary production in the post-9/11 environment and how writers push back against the foreclosure of the media spectacle of terrorism. I examine a particular practice, infotainment, which crosses over from television news into literature that focuses on terrorism, and I lay out the theoretical framework for understanding literary responses to this practice. Since 9/11, the corporate media has been fixated with terrorism, and the vast amount of literature produced since the tragedy that focuses on terrorism demonstrates terrorism?s influence on literary production. I expose a theoretical basis for how literature intervenes in the spectacle of terrorism, offering a challenge to media foreclosure through an ethical engagement. Then, I examine texts in both the American and global contexts to determine how they intervene in the foreclosure and form more ethical responses. Writers like Don DeLillo and Moshin Hamid confront the unified definition of terrorism the corporate media presents by opening the subject to unanswered questions and in-depth examinations from all angles that enable responses rather than close off diverse perspectives. Literary writers strive to respond to the singular nature of each event, while positing an understanding of the plight of victims and perpetrators alike. The texts I examine each engage the foreclosure of the media spectacle of terrorism, creating a critical discourse by opening gaps, imposing ethical hesitation, reinstituting singularity, and responding to terrorism in an ethical manner. Don DeLillo posits an exemplary challenge to writers issued by terrorism in an often quoted line from Mao II: ?What terrorists gain, novelists lose. The degree to which they influence mass consciousness is the extent of our decline as shapers of sensibility and thought.? DeLillo, along with other contemporary writers, takes up this challenge in order to ethically respond to the spectacle of terrorism.