Background: Stress is increasing rapidly in society and especially among those studying. Some studies highlight the unique potential of universities, as a social coping resource, to help students maintain mental health and reduce stress. However, there is limited knowledge regarding how universities are reacting to this stress. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how universities react to the problem with stress among business students and how they act as a social coping resource. Further, this paper aims at investigating where more efforts are needed. Method: The paper has applied a qualitative research method, using a multiple case study where 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from business schools and student health organizations from 4 Swedish universities. The study applied a thematic analysis. Findings: Universities react and serve as a social coping resource by working preventative, establishing a positive study environment, easing the transition and adjustment to the university, and by providing information and feedback to the students. Further, they are looking into course dispositions where workload should be evenly distributed. The student health organizations are available to everyone, no matter reason and offer group-activities and individual conversations in accordance with what the students need help with regarding stress. The university also tries to promote certain coping strategies, where the business schools focus on problem-focused coping and the student health organization on emotion-focused coping. Even though some collaboration is found, especially at the beginning of programs, there is a need to further work on the infrastructure between different instances at the university to react faster to issues regarding student stress. Conclusion: Universities tries to work preventative and react fast to the issue, but students tend to seek support when they already have been stressed for a long time. Universities focus a lot on students starting their studies and tend to treat student by student rather than applying a holistic and long-term perspective. To react better to this problem there is a need for a better infrastructure to better serve as a social coping resource, where the student health organization are included more during the studies. Contributions: The study has contributed to further knowledge of universities’ role as a social coping resources and their reaction to student stress, and further contributes to what type of support or activities that can be improved from the universities side to reduce stress among students. The study gives an insight to universities' infrastructure and support system regarding to reduce students' stress.

Bakgrund: Endometrios är en kronisk inflammation som drabbar cirka en av tio personer i fertil ålder födda med en livmoder. Trots att sjukdomen är vanlig är det få som känner till den. Endometrios är inte svårt att diagnostisera men på grund av okunskap kring sjukdomen tar det lång tid för den drabbade att få en diagnos. Behandlingarna kan påverka den drabbade både fysiskt och psykiskt vilket leder till försämrad livskvalité. Det är därför viktigt att lyfta de copingstrategier som finns att tillgå. Syfte: Att sammanställa samt beskriva copingstrategier för personer som lever med endometrios. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie utifrån elva tematiskt analyserade studier. Huvudresultat: Huvudresultatet av studien visade att problemfokuserade copingstrategier i form av egenvårdsmetoder och livsstilsanpassning minskade symtom, gav en känsla av kontroll och hade positiv inverkan på livskvalitén. Den mest användbara egenvårdsmetoden var värme från vetekudde, varma vattenflaskor och/eller kläder. Livsstilsanpassning i form av dietförändring samt planering av arbete och aktiviteter visade sig vara gynnsamt relaterat till smärtsymtom. Copingstrategierna var det som hade mest smärtlindrande effekt både före och efter bekräftad diagnos. Slutsats: Problemfokuserade copingstrategier i form av egenvårdsmetoder samt livsstilsanpassning var de mest användbara strategierna för symtomlindring vid endometrios. Det långa tidsspannet från första vårdkontakten till en säkerställd diagnos var psykiskt påfrestande. För att korta ner tiden mellan första vårdmötet och diagnossättningen samt kunna ge de drabbade tillfredställande information om vad sjukdomen innebär krävs utbildad vårdpersonal. Utbildning om endometrios behövs för vårdpersonal inom fler instanser utöver endometriosteamen eftersom en person med endometrios kanske söker vård på en akutmottagning eller en hälsocentral från början. / Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammation which affects one out of ten people who are fertile and born with a uterus. Despite the disease being common only a few people know about it. Endometriosis is not difficult to diagnose but due to the lack of knowledge about the disease it takes a long time for the person to get a diagnosis. The treatments affect the person physically and mentally which lead to lower quality of life and therefore it is important to enlighten available coping strategies. Aim: To compile and describe coping strategies for people living with endometriosis. Method: A descriptive literature study based on eleven thematically analysed studies. Main Results: The main result showed that problem focused coping strategies such as self-management and lifestyle adjustments decreased symptoms, led to a sense of control, and influenced positively on quality of life. It showed that the most useful self-management methods were the heat from heat pillows, warm water bottles, and/or clothes. Lifestyle adjustments that proved decrease in pain was diet change, scheduling of work and activities. The coping strategies were the most successful methods regarding painrelieving, both before and after confirmed diagnosis. Conclusion: Problem focused coping strategies such as self-management and lifestyle adjustments were the most successful strategies to decrease endometriosis related symptoms. The time span between the first contact with healthcare up until confirmed diagnosis was long and psychologically stressful. What is needed to shorten that time span and give pleasing information about the impact of the disease is educated healthcare workers. Education about endometriosis is needed in many units, not only in the endometriosis teams since people without a diagnosis might seek care in the emergency room or other instances to begin with.

The research project intends to investigate the responses of households to economic uncertainty and natural shocks and the coping strategies developed both in terms of growing migration rates and remittance inflows and of increasing labour supply. In the first Chapter, we employ household survey data from the Indian State of Kerala to evaluate how transfers of remittances sent from overseas respond to heterogeneous sectoral employment shocks experienced by migrants in the host country during the 2008 crisis. In the second chapter, migration and remittances have been investigated as coping strategies adopted by households after a dramatic flood that hit Bangladesh in August-September 2014. The combination of high-resolution satellite data to precisely measure our treatment variable and the difference-in-difference estimations allow us to causally identify the impact of the dramatic flooding on internal and international migration. The same robust estimation technique is then applied to evaluate the effect of the 2014 flood in Bangladesh on female labour force participation rate and on the probability for unemployed women to enter the labour force. In addition, correcting for selection into employment, we estimate how the flood affects the probability for women working in the household farm to engage in independent wage-earning activities, evaluatiing whether the expected rise in female labour force participation - instrumented by the shock intensity they face - would help to increase their bargaining power within the households.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Keila Maria Moura Silva Ribeiro.pdf: 685035 bytes, checksum: 25865b65806d7fe3ab28a89ade9b330b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-05 / The dissertation presents the results of a research held in an Institution of Higher Education that acts with education, research and extension, located in the city of Goiânia-Go. The primary objective of this study was to identify, describe and analyze the procedural factors that can lead some individuals of the female gender to constitute the Syndrome burnout, as well as the most used strategies of coping with it. The phenomenon of burnout, when thought in the light of the human condition, refers to some inquiries which can be analyzed through the scientific process, inside the reality of an institution of higher education. Among such questions the ones that stand out are: What are the values presented by the teachers of the stricto sensu programs in relation to their professional activities? Which stressors are associated with the professional activities from the teachers of the stricto sensu programs? What strategies of coping are most used by the teachers of the stricto sensu programs? Which personality characteristics resistant to the burnout in teachers from the stricto sensu programs can be observed? What is the existent relation between the female gender and the burnout? The dissertation is composed by an Introduction, Chapter I, Chapter II, Chapter III and Chapter IV. In the introduction and Chapters I and II are found the reasoning of the problem of study and the theoretical review of literature related to the following themes: the history of Universities in Brazil; the labor relations of an university teacher; labor relations in modernity; burnout: the syndrome of the contemporary world of work; professor labor relations and manifestations of burnout; the studies done on burnout in the context of education and strategies of coping in a working environment. On Chapter III and IV, elaborated in a form of article, presents the Introduction, the Methodology, the Results and a Discussion of an empirical study done with 33 teachers of Stricto Sensu Programs (master s and doctorate), of an Institution of Higher Education from the city of Goiânia-GO. Follow the References and Attachments. / A dissertação apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada em uma Universidade, localizada na cidade de Goiânia-GO. Este estudo teve como objetivo primário identificar, descrever e analisar fatores processuais que podem levar professoras do ensino de pós-graduação a constituir a Síndrome de burnout, bem como as estratégias de enfrentamento por elas mais usadas. O fenômeno do burnout, quando pensado à luz da condição humana, remete a algumas indagações que podem ser analisadas por meio do processo científico, dentro da realidade de uma instituição de ensino superior. Dentre tais indagações destacam-se: Quais os valores apresentados pelas professoras de programas stricto sensu em relação às suas atividades profissionais? Que estressores estão associados às atividades profissionais das professoras de programas stricto sensu? Quais as estratégias de coping que são mais utilizadas pelas professoras de programas stricto sensu? Que características de personalidade resistentes ao burnout em professoras de programas stricto sensu podem ser observadas? Qual é a relação existente entre o sexo feminino e o burnout? Assim, a dissertação é composta por Introdução, Capítulo I a Capítulo IV, Considerações Finais, Referências e Anexos. Na Introdução e nos Capítulos I e II encontram-se a fundamentação do problema de estudo e a revisão teórica da literatura relacionada com os seguintes temas: história das universidades no Brasil; relações de trabalho do professor universitário; relações de trabalho na contemporaneidade; burnout: a síndrome do mundo contemporâneo do trabalho; relações de trabalho docente e manifestação de burnout; estudos realizados sobre o burnout no contexto da educação e estratégias de enfrentamento no ambiente de trabalho. Nos Capítulos III e IV, em formato de artigo, são apresentados os dados quantitativos e qualitativos de uma pesquisa realizada com as participantes. A seguir encontram-se as Referências e os Anexos.

Bakgrund: I Sverige lever cirka 5000 personer med spinalskada. Där spinalskadan lett till nedsatt blåsfunktion är ren intermittent kateterisering (RIK) den metod som rekommenderas i första hand. Syfte: Att undersöka hur personer med traumatisk spinalskada som använder ren intermittent kateterisering (RIK) upplever detta. Syftet var även att ta reda på vilka hanteringsstrategier som finns för att underlätta det dagliga livet. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer användes där fem personer med traumatisk spinalskada som använder RIK intervjuades. Resultat: Att behöva tillägna sig metoden väckte blandade känslor. Män upplevde det lättare att RIKa jämfört med kvinnor. Den egna kompetensen och kunnandet om metoden RIK ökade med tiden och de hittade nya hanteringsstrategier för att underlätta vardagen. Informanterna var medvetna om vikten av god hygien för att undvika urinvägsinfektioner. Däremot framgick det inte om informanterna var medvetna om kopplingen mellan vikten av regelbunden RIKning, residualurin i blåsan och uppkomsten av urinvägsinfektioner. Slutsats: Personer som använder RIK upplever det som nödvändigt och avgörande för att kunna leva ett normalt liv. Hanteringsstrategier är planering och anpassande av metoden efter fysisk förmåga och den egna vardagen. Behovet av stöd hos personer med spinalskada som använder RIK är individuellt och varierar. Adekvat stöd och utbildning underlättar och hjälper personer med nedsatt blåsfunktion som använder RIK att ta kontroll över utövandet och främjar följsamheten och långsiktig hälsa avseende urinvägarna. / Background: About 5,000 people in Sweden live with a spinal injury. Where the spinal injury leads to impaired bladder function, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is the method recommended in the first place. Aim: To examine  how individuals  with traumatic  spinal injury  using clean  intermittent catheterization experience the method. The aim was also to find out coping strategies available to facilitate daily life. Methods: A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was used where five people with traumatic spinal injury were interviewed. Results: The need to use CIC brought about mixed feelings among informants. Men felt that it was easier for them to use clean intermittent catheterization compared to women. Their expertise and knowledge increased with time and they found new coping strategies to facilitate everyday life. The informants were aware of the importance of good hygiene to prevent urinary tract infections. However, it was not clear if the informants were aware of the connection between the importance of using clean intermittent catheterization regularly, residual urine in the bladder and the occurrence of  urinary  tract  infections. Conclusion: People who use CIC experience it as essential and vital in order to live a normal life. The need for support of people with spinal injury who use CIC is individual and varies. Adequate support and training for people with impaired bladder function using CIC facilitates and helps them to take control initially and promotes an ongoing adherence and long-term health regarding urinary tract.

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar o estresse, as estratégias de enfrentamento e caracterizar a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos profissionais de uma empresa de médio porte da construção civil do sul de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida por meio do delineamento de estudo de caso. A amostra foi composta por cem funcionários aos quais foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala Toulousiane de Estresse (ETS- Echelle Toulousaine de Stress) para avaliar o estresse, a Escala de Toulousaine de Coping (ETC Echelle Toulousaine de Coping) para as estratégias de enfrentamento, questionário adaptado e validado de Hackman e Oldham para medir a QVT e questionário de dados sociodemográficos. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do software Sphinx, Excel e SPSS para Windows. Resultados revelaram a predominância de homens, casados com idade entre 30 a 50 anos. Todas as médias de estresse estão abaixo da média nacional, e as médias de utilização das estratégias de enfrentamento de controle e apoio social são menores na amostra quando comparadas à média brasileira e os índices de utilização das estratégias de isolamento e recusa são maiores. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre estresse e as variáveis na análise comparativa. Com relação às estratégias de enfrentamento constatou-se que há diferença estatisticamente significativa somente ao compararmos as estratégias por idade e por escolaridade. Em relação à QVT na maioria das dimensões investigadas houve um predomínio de resultados satisfatórios, destacando-se as variáveis da percepção, da responsabilidade pelos resultados e motivação interna para o trabalho. Apenas nas variáveis autonomia e satisfação com a compensação foram encontrados índices mais elevados de insatisfação. / This paper aims at identifying the stress, the strategies to cope with it, and at characterizing the quality of work life of the professionals working for a medium-sized company in the civil construction business, located in South Minas Gerais. Its a descriptive research utilizing quantitative approach, developed by means of case study outlining. The sample was composed of one hundred employees and the following instruments have been applied: the Toulousaine Stress Scale (ETS- Echelle Toulousaine de Stress) to assess stress, the Toulousaine Coping Scale (ETC Echelle Toulousaine de Coping) for the coping strategies, the adapted and validated questionnaire of Hackman and Oldham to measure the QWL and a questionnaire of social and demographic data. The data were analyzed with the aid of the Sphinx software, Excel and SPSS for Windows. The results showed a predominance of male employees, married, aged 30-50 years. All stress averages were below the national average, and the averages of using coping strategies of control and social support were lower in the sample than the Brazilian average and the indexes of using isolation and refusal strategies were higher. There wasnt any statistically significant difference between stress and the social and demographic variables in the comparative analysis. When the coping strategies were concerned, it was verified that there was only a statistically significant difference when we compared the strategies with age and schooling. As to quality of work life, in most investigated aspects there was predominance of satisfactory results, especially concerning the variables of perception, responsibility for results achieved and internal drive to work. Higher indexes of dissatisfaction were only found in the variables of autonomy and pay satisfaction.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka kvinnliga idrottares upplevelser av karriärövergången att bli mamma, med ett fokus på utmaningar, resurser och copingstrategier under perioderna före-, under- och efter graviditeten. I studien användes en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Deltagarna i studien var nio svenska idrottande mödrar i åldrarna 30-53 år (M=39.8, SD=7.3). Alla deltagare hade erfarenhet av att kombinera sitt moderskap med ett idrottande på nationell eller internationell nivå inom sin specifika idrott. Intervjuguiden och dataanalysen grundade sig på Övergångsmodellen (Stambulova, 2009). I resultatet framkom följande: under perioden före graviditeten upplevdes oro som främsta utmaning, att känna sig redo för att bli mamma som främsta resurs och att kunna planera sin graviditet som främsta copingstrategi. Under graviditeten framkom utmattning som främsta utmaning, socialt stöd som främsta resurs och strategier som deltagarna lärt sig under sin idrottskarriär som främsta copingstrategi. Efter graviditeten var stress främsta utmaning, socialt stöd främsta resurs och livet som en atlet hjälpte var främsta copingstrategi. Slutsatsen som dras i studien är att det finns flera upplevda utmaningar vid övergången att bli elitidrottande mamma, och att ett sätt att underlätta för dessa kvinnor skulle kunna vara ett utökat stöd från till exempel förbund, både socialt och finansiellt. / The aim of this study is to investigate experiences of motherhood transitions in sport, with a focus on the challenges, resources and coping strategies in the pre-pregnancy, during the pregnancy, and the postpartum phase. In the study a qualitative research metodology with semi-structured interviews was used. The participants in the study were nine Swedish athlete mothers aged 30-53 years (M=39.8, SD=7.3). All the participants had an experience of combining their motherhood with an athletic career at a national or an international level in their specific sport. The interview guide and the data analysis were grounded on the athletic career transition model (Stambulova, 2009). In the result during the pre-pregnancy, worry emerged as the main challenge, feeling ready to become a mother as the primary resource and planned pregnancies as the main coping strategy. During the pregnancy, fatigue emerged as the main challenge, social support both inside and outside sport as the primary resource, and strategies from sport as the main coping strategy. In the post-partum, stress was a frequent challenge, social support inside and outside sport were the most common resource, and life as an athlete helped were the main coping-strategy. As a conclusion in the present study, several challenges were experienced in the transition to becoming a mother as an elite athlete. A way of facilitating for these women could be increased support, for example from sport federations, both socially and financially.

Tourism industry is one of the hardest hits by the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, Event industry as an important stakeholder of tourism has been fiercely damaged globally. In this study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the event industry businesses in Sweden, their methods of coping with this situation and the recovery plans will be evaluated. Further some predictions about the future trends and possible transformations of the industry have been made. This research has been conducted qualitatively and by gathering data from both primary and secondary sources provided a very broad reference for the researcher. Restrictions in Sweden started with a 500-person limit then the figures went down to 50 people, followed by 8 people, afterwards 300 and finally 8 people limit again. Commercially, it has been difficult to conduct business due to the massive uncertainty brought on by COVID-19 for all the companies in the event industry in Sweden. Cancelling or postponing events caused huge revenue losses, redundancies, closing businesses etc. limitations and uncertainties brought by COVID-19 pandemic forced some innovative companies to start rethinking their event packages. By upskilling staff and digital investing in building the needed infrastructures, many event companies could step into the virtual and hybrid events landscape. Meanwhile , Small to medium-sized companies suffered the most in terms of tackling the situation due to limited resources and severity of the situation. The forceful hiatus to hold-on till going back to normal has been the best solution for those who were not able to come up with coping strategies. Clearly by the mass vaccine distribution, the event industry will gradually go back to its normal status quo, while virtual on demand and hybrid events will stay as important components of the industry.The result of this study reveals the value of resiliency and being prepared that will help companies to survive during crisis situations. But after all, although this pandemic is a disruption that caused many challenges for the event industry. But, at the same time it brought many dynamic opportunities for the sector to slowly evolve and develop.

Previous research has shown that adult attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance are associated with both coping strategy use and the parent-child relationship. Additionally, research has shown that coping strategy is associated with aspects of the parent-child relationship. The current study aimed to further examine associations between parental romantic attachment, coping strategy use, and the parent-child relationship. It was hypothesized that coping strategy use would mediate the relationship between parental romantic attachment and aspects of the parent-child relationship. Participants included 86 heterosexual couples (N = 176 parents) from the Family and Kid Connection project archival dataset. Instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, a brief measure of coping, and the Attachment and Relational Frustration Subscales of the Parenting Relationship Questionnaire. An actor-partner independence model was proposed and tested via multilevel modeling. Higher levels of parental attachment anxiety predicted poorer parent-child relationships. Father's attachment avoidance also predicted poorer father-child relationships. Higher levels of both parental attachment dimensions predicted greater use of avoidant emotional coping. Finally, greater use of avoidant emotional coping predicted poorer parent-child relationships. Results partially supported proposed mediational hypotheses. Two mediational paths were supported by results: an actor-actor path in which fathers' avoidant emotional coping mediated the association between fathers' romantic attachment avoidance and father-child attachment, and an actor-actor path in which mothers' avoidant emotional coping mediated the association between mothers' romantic attachment anxiety and mother-child attachment.