Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera om det fanns skillnader i hur fyra dimensioner av feedback uppfattades beroende på om den kom från arbetskamrat eller chef. De fyra dimensionerna var; Kvalité, Framförande, Positiv och Negativ feedback. Ytterligare ett syfte var att undersöka om kön, ålder och anställningstid hade en påverkan i uppfattningen av de fyra feedbackdimensionerna. Studien utfördes på en anstalt och en kriminalvårds-utbildningsenhet i mellan Sverige. Mätinstrumentet som användes var Feedback environment scale (FES) ursprungligen framtagen av Steelman, Levy och Snell (2004) och översatt till svenska av Jansson och Nilsson (2010). Resultatet visade att tre av fyra dimensioner, Kvalité, Framförande och Positiv feedback, hade signifikanta skillnader, feedback från arbetskamrat värderas högre än feedback från chef. Endast anställningstid hade en påverkan i uppfattning av feedback och då i dimensionerna Framförandet- och Positiv feedback. Inga övriga signifikanta effekter av anställningstid, ålder eller kön visades.

The purpose of this thesis was to explore the impact of Aboriginal spirituality/culture on federally sentenced Aboriginal males at the Pe'Sakastew Centre. The Centre is a minimum security institution which is operated by the Correctional Service of Canada. The effects of Aboriginal spirituality/culture were explored through interviews with twelve Aboriginal men who were serving part of their sentences at the Centre. The men were asked a range of questions that dealt with childhood experiences, adult lifestyles and attitudes, prison experiences and programming, the Pe'Sakastew Centre, and the perceived effects on attitudes and behaviors by participating in Aboriginal spiritual/cultural programming. This study also addressed several specific issues including: the role of Aboriginal spirituality/culture in the healing/rehabilitation process; the presence of other contributing factors; and the difference between the Pe'Sakastew Centre and mainstream prisons.<p> This thesis research identified thematic patterns in the men's life stories. Many interviewees had difficult childhoods and their adult lifestyles reflected similar problems that revolved around chemical dependency, violence, gangs,illegal activities, and prison. While many interviewees reported negative prison experiences, they benefitted considerably by participating in Aboriginal spiritual/cultural programs. The benefits related to an enhanced ability to cope with the prison environment, to heal the wounds from childhood, and to deal with problems of alcohol/drug addiction and violence.<p>The interviewees reported five positive aspects of the Pe'Sakastew Centre including: the Centre's open and safe environment; the men have a responsibility to help themselves; the presence of Aboriginal people; the approach of the Centre; and the ability to release con mentality. The majority of interviewees described positive changes in attitudes and behaviors as a result of their participation in Aboriginal spiritual/cultural programming. Many reported a more positive attitude towards themselves and others. Several described themselves as being happier and able to deal with problems in a proactive manner. The interviewees revealed a high level of respect for the Elders, their knowledge, and the cultural values that they project to the men. It was concluded that Aboriginal spiritual/cultural programs contributes significantly in the process of healing/rehabilitation of Aboriginal men.

Syfte: Att undersöka vad sjuksköterskor som arbetar inom kriminalvården har för tankar och upplevelser av att arbeta på ett häkte samt hur det känns att möta de intagna. Urval: Fem sjuksköterskor som arbetar på ett häkte i Sverige med minst 6 månaders erfarenhet. Metod: Deskriptiv kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Kvalitativ innehålls analys användes för analys av data. Resultat: Det framkom att sjuksköterskor som arbetar inom kriminalvården upplever sitt arbete som stimulerande och spännande. De upplever att mötet med de intagna går bra och oftast möts sjuksköterskorna av ett gott bemötande. En del av arbetet anser sjuksköterskorna vara påfrestande och ansvarskrävande då de bland annat har ansvar över suicidbedömningar av de intagna. Informanterna upplevde att arbetet kunde vara emotionellt påfrestande men att de ändå kunde hålla ett professionellt förhållningssätt. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna som ingår i denna studie anser att arbetet inom kriminalvården är ett givande arbete med varierande arbetsuppgifter och stor variation vad gäller de intagna. / Aim: To examine what thoughts and experiences nurses have that works in a correctional institution and have it feels to meet the inmates. Sample: Five nurses who work in a correctional institution with at least six months experience. Method: Descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured interviews were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: It was found that nurses working in a correctional institution find their work as stimulating and exciting. They feel that the meeting and the refutation with the inmates often is a good experience. Some of the work the nurses considered to be stressful and demanding accountability when they have particular responsibility for suicide assessments of the inmates. The informants felt that the work could be emotionally stressful, but they still could maintain a professional approach. Conclusion: The nurses in this study think that working as a nurse in the correctional institution is a rewarding job with varied tasks and great variation in the inmates.

Empati har länge ansetts vara en god egenskap hos en medmänniska. Det definierats enligt Davis, som individers affektiva och fysiologiska reaktioner avseende någon annans fysiska och psykiska tillstånd. Tidigare forskning har visat att det finns skillnader avseende empati hos individer beroende på olika faktorer. Huvudsyftet med studien var att se om kön, ålder, arbetsplats, antal år inom yrket samt föräldraskap påverkade kriminalvårdares empati. Deltagarna var kriminalvårdare (N = 90) som arbetade på en anstalt och ett häkte. Mätinstrumenten som användes var the Interpersonal Reactivity Index och Social Desirability Scale. Resultaten som erhölls visade att variablerna inte hade någon signifikant påverkan på kriminalvårdares empati. Detta tyder på att kriminalvårdare behåller distansen till klienterna. Det bör förtydligas att kriminalvårdarna inte saknade empati.

Coping is an important concept to explain stress-related factors because it is a process that is mediated by both primary, and secondary appraisal (Lazarus &amp / Folkman, 1984). The present study aims to examine the extent to which correctional officers&#039 / cognitive appraisal associated with stress, and to develop, and test models including work stress, cognitive appraisal of stress, affect-related variables, coping strategies, psychological distress, and psychological adjustment. For this aim, a total of 268 correctional officers from seven different prisons in Turkey participated in the present study. The subjects were given Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM), Work Stress Scale for Correctional Officers (WSSCO), Positive, and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Emotional Approach Coping Scale (EACS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form (STAI-T), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS), and The Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) in addition to Demographic Information Form. A variety of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to reveal the significant associates of psychological distress and adjustment. According to the results of regression analyses, four models were developed, and tested by structural equation modeling. The results of the present study demonstrated that different cognitive appraisals, different affect-related variables, different coping strategies combined to influence psychological distress, and psychological adjustment measures in addition to the direct effects of work stress. Following discussion of the results in terms of theoretical, and methodological perspectives, the limitations of the present study, and the suggestions for future research were also handled.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2000. / Restricted until November 2001. Bibliography: leaves 241-251.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1987.

Via their frequency of contact alone, Corrections Officers (COs) have maximal opportunity to role model pro-social behaviour and further rehabilitative outcomes for offenders. Yet previous research indicates that one of the barriers to COs adopting this additional and sometimes contradictory job requirement, is that COs generally maintain largely punitive attitudes towards inmates. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether one reason for CO punitiveness is that these frontline workers lack knowledge of basic forensic practice (FP) research findings which describe elements that lead to offender change. Utilizing mixed-methods, the nature of the relationship between FP knowledge and the Correctional Orientation of COs, consisting of support for rehabilitation (SR) and support for punishment (SP), was explored. Further examined was how FP knowledge, SR and SP related to COs self-reported engagement in Core Correctional Practices (CCPs) which delineate the quality of interactions that facilitate positive rehabilitative outcomes. Employing a new measure of Correctional Orientation developed and piloted on an undergraduate sample (N=148) in Study 1, Study 2 involved surveys of Corrections Workers (CWs) (N=227) employed in the four provincial adult correctional facilities in Saskatchewan. Hierarchical multiple regressions including demographic covariates confirmed a robust relationship between FP knowledge and SR, and FP knowledge and SP. Likewise, though FP knowledge was significantly positively correlated with CCPs, the addition of SR and SP to a third multiple regression on CCPs rendered the contribution of FP knowledge non-significant. SR was a better predictor of CCPs than SP. Finally, in Study 3, eight CWs varying in their survey responses were interviewed. Utilizing thematic analysis three broad models were produced which described the reasons CWs may or may not support rehabilitation or punishment and engage in CCPs. Additional themes describing how interviewees responded to FP research were also generated. In the discussion the findings of all three studies were combined. Notably, SR appears to be more responsive to FP knowledge than SP, while salient job-related experiences of CWs are likely to increase SP. Yet, CWs can increase their SR without a comparable decrease in their SP and vice versa. Interviewees felt that the largest obstacle to their engagement in CCPs were the current features of the institutional settings which generated a cynical, burnt-out and punitive staff culture whereby peer pressure was employed to maintain prescribed modes of interaction. Comprehensive recommendations for reducing stress and burnout, education and training targets, and hiring criteria which could screen out problematic applicants are provided.

I denna studie uppmärksammas hotfulla och våldsamma situationer i kriminalvården. Syftet har varit att undersöka vilka känslor som uppstår hos kriminalvårdare i dessa situationer. I samband med detta har studien syftat till att få en djupare förståelse för vilken betydelse kollegor har för de känslor som uppstår och för hur känslorna hanteras. Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer av halvstrukturerad karaktär. Totalt genomfördes tio intervjuer med yrkesverksamma kriminalvårdare från häktesverksamheten i Stockholm och Uppsala. Gemensamt för kriminalvårdarna var att de upplevt hot och våld i arbetet. För att få en djupare förståelse för kriminalvårdarnas beskrivningar har dessa analyserats utifrån Arlie Russell Hochschilds teori om emotioner samt Randall Collins teori om interaktionsritualer. Gemensamt för dessa teorier är att de belyser aspekter av hantering av känslor, både på individ- och gruppnivå. Studiens resultat visar att olika känslor uppstår hos kriminalvårdarna vid hotfulla och våldsamma situationer samt att kollegors närvaro har betydelse hur dessa känslor hanteras. Förväntningar från kollegor påverkar kriminalvårdarna att trycka undan känslor som oro, stress och rädsla. Istället uppvisar kriminalvårdarna lugn och kontroll för att agera i linje med gruppens förväntningar. Resultatet visar även att god sammanhållning inom arbetsgruppen leder till känslor av trygghet och lugn hos kriminalvårdarna i hotfulla och våldsamma situationer. I dessa situationer är gruppens sammansättning även av betydelse. Vilka samt hur många kollegor som närvarar påverkar kriminalvårdarnas hantering av känslor. Resultatet visar att kollegor även har betydelse för hur kriminalvårdarna hanterar sina känslor efter att de utsatts för hot och våld. Här beskrevs debriefing som ett effektivt verktyg för att ventilera känslor med kollegor. Hur debriefing används i praktiken skiljde sig åt i kriminalvårdarnas beskrivningar. / This study highlights threats and violence within correctional facilities, where the focus is directed towards the correctional officers' feelings that arise in these situations. The aim of this study has been to examine if colleagues' presence has an impact on the emotions that the correctional officers experience and on how these emotions are handled. The study is based on qualitative interviews of semi-structured character. A total of ten interviews were conducted with correctional officers from correctional facilities in Stockholm and Uppsala. What the correctional officer's has in common is that they all have experienced threats and violence at their workplace. The correctional officers' descriptions have been analyzed on the basis of Arlie Russel Hochschild's theory of emotions and Randall Collins's theory of interaction rituals. Both theories highlight aspects of the management of emotions, on an individual as well as on a group level. The result of the study indicates that the correctional officers experience different feelings in threatening and violent situations. In these situations the presence of colleagues is significant when it comes to how correctional officers are handling their emotions. Expectations from colleagues seem to affect the correctional officers to hide feelings such as anxiety, stress and fear. Instead the correctional officers show feelings of calm and control which, according to them, complies with the colleagues' expectations. The result also shows that good cohesiveness within the working group affects the correctional officers to feel calm in threatening and violent situations. Other factors that seem to affect the emotions that correctional officers experience and how the emotions are handled are which colleagues the correctional officers are working with and how many colleagues that attends in the situation. Furthermore the result indicates that colleagues have a significant importance when it comes to handling emotions after threatening and violent situations. Debriefing was described as important, by the correctional officers, to vent their emotions after a critical situation. How the debriefing was applied in practice differed among the correctional officers.

M. Tech. Labour Relations Management / The Department of Correctional Services (DCS) is responsible for the rehabilitation, through skills-training and development, of all offenders incarcerated for different kinds of crimes/offences committed in South Africa. The DCS assumes responsibility for safeguarding society against convicted criminals.. It was reported that DCS experienced a dramatic increase in workplace conflict in the period 2008/2009 - 2012/2013, and the situation has not changed ever since. Workplace conflict, especially dysfunctional conflict, creates unstable labour relations and related risks in the DCS, and should therefore be combated without any further delay. The researcher is under the presumption that many forms of dysfunctional workplace conflict in the Department of Correctional Services, arise because managers, trade union representatives and employees have different perceptions of how employment relations practices and behavioural norms should be applied in the workplace. The primary objective of this study was to investigate employee perceptions on the causes of destructive conflict in the workplace of the Department of Correctional Services, and for that purpose, Zonderwater Management Area was purposefully sampled for the research.