Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Also available in print.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Ashland Theological Seminary, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-171).

Thesis (M.S.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-67).

The main goal of post-secondary prison education programs is to increase the education level of prisoners and improve their chances of success upon release. However, in order to accomplish this goal of success after release, prisoners must first participate in the education programs. This is especially crucial for female prisoners, many of whom enter prison more socially, economically, and educationally disadvantaged than male prisoners. This analysis aims to determine whether there is a difference is male and female participation in post-secondary prison education programs. In addition, this analysis also aims to determine what factors make male and female inmates more likely to participate in post-secondary prison education programs. The results demonstrate that sex alone is not a significant predictor for participation in post-secondary prison education. However, when combined with other factors sex does become a significant predictor of participation. Factors that are significant predictors of participation for both males and females include previous education, income prior to incarceration, receiving visits from children, time served on the current sentence, participation in a racial or ethnic group, participation in parenting classes, and participation in life skills or community adjustment programs.

Doctor Legum - LLD / The history of prison reform after 1994 was shaped by the relationship between governance and human rights standards; the requirements for both are set out in the Constitution and elaborated on in the Correctional Services Act. Good governance and human rights converge in five dimensions of a constitutional democracy: legitimacy, transparency, accountability, the rule of law; and resource utilisation. The new constitutional order established a set of governance and rights requirements for the prison system demanding fundamental reform. It de-legitimised the existing prison system and thus placed it in a crisis. This required its reinvention to establish a system compatible with constitutional demands. The thesis investigates whether constitutionalism provided the necessary transformative basis for prison reform in South Africa after 1994. The Department of Correctional Services (DCS) senior management failed to anticipate this in the period 1990 to 1994. In the five years after 1994 senior management equally failed to initiate a fundamental reform process. This lack of vision, as well as a number of external factors relating to the state of the public service in the period 1994 to 2000, gave rise to a second crisis: the collapse of order and discipline in the DCS. By the late 1990s the state had lost control of the DCS and its internal workings can be described as a mess – a highly interactive set of problems in causal relationships. In many regards the problems beleaguering the prison system were created in the period 1994 – 1999. The leadership at the time did not recognize that the prison system was in crisis or that the crisis presented an opportunity for fundamental reform. The new democratic order demanded constitutional and political imagination, but this failed to materialise. Consequently, the role and function of imprisonment within the criminal justice system has remained fundamentally unchanged and there has not been a critical re-examination of its purpose, save that the criminal justice system has become more punitive. Several investigations (1998-2006) into the DCS found widespread corruption and rights violations. Organised labour understood transformation primarily as the racial transformation of the staff corps and embarked on an organised campaign to seize control of management and key positions. This introduced a culture of lawlessness, enabling widespread corruption. Under new leadership by 2001 and facing pressure from the national government, the DCS responded to the situation by focusing on corruption and on regaining control of the Department. A number of gains have been made since then, especially after 2004. Regaining control of the Department focused on addressing systemic weaknesses, enforcing the disciplinary code and defining a new employer-employee relationship. This has been a slow process with notable setbacks, but it continues to form part of the Department’s strategic direction. It is concluded that the DCS has engaged with and developed a deeper understanding of its constitutional obligations insofar as they pertain to governance requirements in the Constitution. However, compliance with human rights standards had not received the same attention and areas of substantial non-compliance remain in violation of the Constitution and subordinate legislation. Overcrowding, violations of personal safety, poor services and/or lack of access to services persist. Despite the detailed rights standards set out in the Correctional Services Act, there is little to indicate that legislative compliance is an overt focus for the DCS. While meeting the minimum standards of humane detention, as required by the Constitution, should have been the strategic focus of the DCS in relation to the prison population, the 2004 White Paper defines “offender rehabilitation” as the core business of the DCS. In many regards the DCS has assigned more prominence and weight to the White Paper than to its obligations under the Correctional Services Act. In an attempt to legitimise the prison system, the DCS defined for itself a goal that is required neither by the Constitution nor the Correctional Services Act. Compliance with the minimum standards of humane detention must be regarded as a prerequisite for successful interventions to reduce future criminality. After seven years, delivery results on the rehabilitation objective have been minimal and not objectively measurable. The noble and over-ambitious focus on rehabilitation at policy level distracted the DCS from its primary constitutional obligation, namely to ensure safe and humane custody under conditions of human dignity. Throughout the period (1994 to 2012) the DCS has been suspicious if not dismissive of advice, guidance and at times orders (including court orders) offered or given by external stakeholders. Its relationship with civil society organisations remain strained and there is no formal structure for interaction. Since 2004 Parliament has reasserted its authority over the DCS, not hesitating to criticise poor decisions and sub-standard performance. Civil society organisations have increasingly used Parliament as a platform for raising concerns about prison reform. Litigation by civil society and prisoners has also been used on a growing scale to ensure legislative compliance. It is concluded that prison reform efforts needs to refocus on the rights requirements set out in the Correctional Services Act and approach this task in an inclusive, transparent and accountable manner.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the components of unit management, namely; architecture, case management, risk management and human rights in South African Youth Development Centres. The concept of unit management in correctional centres was adopted by the South African Correctional system in March 1995. However, the formal introduction of the concept was announced by the former Minister of Correctional Services, Dr. Sipho Mzimela, on 16th February 1996. The implementation of unit management was viewed as a vehicle for service delivery in South African correctional centres. Moreover, this concept was also viewed as a strategic move to ensure that corrections and the rehabilitation of inmates, as the core business of the department, are achieved. In an attempt to assess the application of unit management at South African Youth Development Centres, and how unit management influences the rehabilitation of sentenced youth offenders, a descriptive study was conducted to obtain knowledge and perspective from the available literature. In addition to a descriptive study, the researcher employed a quantitative methodology. Using the quantitative approach, data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire. In the case of coding and data analysis, a Statistical Analysis System (SAS) was utilized. In sum, Frequency Tables and Bar Charts were used to simplify the analysis per section and category. The findings from this study revealed that the conditions of detention at Youth Development Centres, specifically the level of overcrowding, influence of old correctional centre structures and the absence of custodial therapists contribute to the violence, violation of basic human rights and failure to rehabilitate youth offenders in these centres. Moreover, the findings also indicate that any efforts to implement the unit management approach proactively fails due to the abovementioned conditions in Youth Development Centres. / Unit management as a rehabilitation tool for youth offenders / Department of Penology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie verhandeling onderneem die navorser 'n teoretiese en filosofiese studie, binne 'n penologiese perspektief, ten einde 'n ondersoek na korrektiewe toesig as 'n alternatiewe strafvorm te bepaa] • Kennis en insig wat sodoende ingesame] is, kan aangewend word om die stelsel in Suid-Afrika te hevorder. Hierdie verhandeling word verdeel in 'n inleiding oor die metodologie en akademjese verantwoording van die studiegebied van penologie, die rasionaal v1r die soeke na alternatiewe vir korttermyngevangenisstraf; die historiese aanloop vir die vestiging van korrektiewe toesig in Suid-Afrika, die funksionering van die korrektiewe toesigstelsel van Suid-Af rika, die funksionering van beide die basiese en intensiewe toesigstelsel (IPS) van die Staat. Georgia <VSA). Die verhandeling word afgesluit met 'n aantal aanbevelings ten opsigte van die toepassing van korrektiewe toesig. / In this dis se rL:i ti on the rPsea t·che r n nde rt.a kes a t heo ret ica l and philosophical study within a penological perspective in order to investigate correctional supPrvision as an alternative form of punishment. Knowledge and insight obtained in this way can be applied to promote this system in Sout_h Africa. The thesis is divided into an introduction relating to the methodology and the academic responsibility of the study area of penology, the rasionale for an alternative form of short term imprisonment, the historical backgro11n<l to the establishment of correctional supervision in South Africa, the functioning of correctional supervision in South Africa, the functioning of both the basic probation system and the intensive probation system in Georgia (USA). This thesis is concluded with a number of recommendations with regard to the implementation of correctional supervision. / Sociology / M.A. (Penology)

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as políticas de proteção social direcionadas às famílias de adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de Internação, no Estado do Paraná, no período de 2006 a 2010. Busca responder se as famílias desses adolescentes foram atendidas por políticas de proteção social, em consonância com o estabelecido no Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (SINASE). Inicia-se com a descrição da evolução histórica dos direitos da criança e do adolescente. Na sequência discorre sobre a construção jurídica e política direcionada à família, faz ponderações sobre o ato infracional e, posteriormente, traz considerações alusivas ao SINASE. Toda essa reflexão serve de embasamento para a pesquisa, propriamente dita. Esta pesquisa é pertinente à área de concentração do Mestrado, a saber, Planejamento e Política Pública. Trata-se de pesquisa aplicada, descritiva, qualitativa e indireta, que utiliza o método indutivo. Implica em estudo bibliográfico e documental que utiliza como instrumento de coleta de dados, inclusive entrevista não diretiva com a Gestora da Secretaria da Criança e da Juventude, durante o período de 2003 a 2010, no Estado do Paraná. Discorre a respeito da construção e evolução da política e das instalações físicas para a sua implementação, da transformação da Secretaria da Criança e do Adolescente (SECJ) em Secretaria da Família e Desenvolvimento Social (SEDS). Concluiu-se, apesar de todos os esforços empreendidos, que o Estado do Paraná não implementou políticas públicas voltadas ao fortalecimento da família do adolescente privado da liberdade. A própria Secretaria da Criança e Juventude diagnosticou a insuficiência de práticas envolvendo as famílias de adolescentes privados da liberdade, apesar de reconhecê-la como elo indispensável no processo de socioeducação. / This paper aims to describe the policies targeted to families of adolescents in fulfillment of a custodial sentence in the State of Paraná between 2006 and 2010. It tries to answer whether the families of these adolescents were met by social protection policies in line with the provisions of the National Socio Educational System (SINASE). It begins with a description of the historical evolution of the rights of children and adolescents and follows describing the legal framework and policies directed to the family, bringing reflections on infractions and subsequently raises questions alluding to SINASE. All these reflections serve as a foundation for the research itself. The present research is pertinent to the concentration area of this Master's degree, namely, Planning and Public Policy.This is applied research, descriptive, qualitative and indirect, which uses the inductive method. Implies bibliographical and documental study which it uses as a data collection instrument and includes a non-directive interview with the manager of the Secretariat of Children and Youth of the State of Paraná between 2003 and 2010. It describes the building and evolution of the policies and physical facilities for its implementation, the transformation of the Department for Children and Adolescents (SECJ) in Secretariat for Families and Social Development (SEDS). It was concluded, despite all efforts, that the State of Paraná has not implemented policies aimed at strengthening the families of adolescents deprived of liberty.The very Secretariat for Childhood and Youth diagnosed the failure of practices involving the families of adolescents deprived of liberty, despite recognizing them as a vital link in the socioeducational process.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as políticas de proteção social direcionadas às famílias de adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de Internação, no Estado do Paraná, no período de 2006 a 2010. Busca responder se as famílias desses adolescentes foram atendidas por políticas de proteção social, em consonância com o estabelecido no Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (SINASE). Inicia-se com a descrição da evolução histórica dos direitos da criança e do adolescente. Na sequência discorre sobre a construção jurídica e política direcionada à família, faz ponderações sobre o ato infracional e, posteriormente, traz considerações alusivas ao SINASE. Toda essa reflexão serve de embasamento para a pesquisa, propriamente dita. Esta pesquisa é pertinente à área de concentração do Mestrado, a saber, Planejamento e Política Pública. Trata-se de pesquisa aplicada, descritiva, qualitativa e indireta, que utiliza o método indutivo. Implica em estudo bibliográfico e documental que utiliza como instrumento de coleta de dados, inclusive entrevista não diretiva com a Gestora da Secretaria da Criança e da Juventude, durante o período de 2003 a 2010, no Estado do Paraná. Discorre a respeito da construção e evolução da política e das instalações físicas para a sua implementação, da transformação da Secretaria da Criança e do Adolescente (SECJ) em Secretaria da Família e Desenvolvimento Social (SEDS). Concluiu-se, apesar de todos os esforços empreendidos, que o Estado do Paraná não implementou políticas públicas voltadas ao fortalecimento da família do adolescente privado da liberdade. A própria Secretaria da Criança e Juventude diagnosticou a insuficiência de práticas envolvendo as famílias de adolescentes privados da liberdade, apesar de reconhecê-la como elo indispensável no processo de socioeducação. / This paper aims to describe the policies targeted to families of adolescents in fulfillment of a custodial sentence in the State of Paraná between 2006 and 2010. It tries to answer whether the families of these adolescents were met by social protection policies in line with the provisions of the National Socio Educational System (SINASE). It begins with a description of the historical evolution of the rights of children and adolescents and follows describing the legal framework and policies directed to the family, bringing reflections on infractions and subsequently raises questions alluding to SINASE. All these reflections serve as a foundation for the research itself. The present research is pertinent to the concentration area of this Master's degree, namely, Planning and Public Policy.This is applied research, descriptive, qualitative and indirect, which uses the inductive method. Implies bibliographical and documental study which it uses as a data collection instrument and includes a non-directive interview with the manager of the Secretariat of Children and Youth of the State of Paraná between 2003 and 2010. It describes the building and evolution of the policies and physical facilities for its implementation, the transformation of the Department for Children and Adolescents (SECJ) in Secretariat for Families and Social Development (SEDS). It was concluded, despite all efforts, that the State of Paraná has not implemented policies aimed at strengthening the families of adolescents deprived of liberty.The very Secretariat for Childhood and Youth diagnosed the failure of practices involving the families of adolescents deprived of liberty, despite recognizing them as a vital link in the socioeducational process.

nÃo hà / Aborda a questÃo da formaÃÃo dos trabalhadores da saÃde do sistema penitenciÃrio, tendo como objeto avaliar a trajetÃria de formaÃÃo em processos educacionais formais e nÃo formais, compreendidos tanto na perspectiva do preparo ofertado pela instituiÃÃo como o realizado pelo prÃprio servidor. Traz como problema de investigaÃÃo a indagaÃÃo de como identificar experiÃncia nÃo formal para recomendar uma proposta formal, que atenda o desenvolvimento profissional de carÃter permanente de tais trabalhadores e que contribua para o alcance da missÃo institucional de reintegraÃÃo do homem recluso ao seio da sociedade. Apresenta-se como objetivos do estudo realizar pesquisa avaliativa sobre o percurso dos processos educacionais formais e nÃo formal dos trabalhadores de saÃde do Sistema PenitenciÃrio do Estado do Cearà e a sua interface com a ressocializaÃÃo do presidiÃrio, visando à proposiÃÃo de princÃpios e temÃticas que integrem os dois tipos de formaÃÃo; avaliar o percurso formativo dos referidos trabalhadores, identificando os elementos curriculares nÃo formais e a sua interface com a ressocializaÃÃo do presidiÃrio; elaborar uma cartografia de saberes e prÃticas instituÃdos pelos trabalhadores que integram a equipe de saÃde do sistema penitenciÃrio, bem como propor uma matriz temÃtica que atenda a formaÃÃo continuada de profissionais ressocializadores; e, por fim, propor uma sistemÃtica de avaliaÃÃo para formar trabalhadores ressocializadores do sistema penitenciÃrio. Sustenta-se como tese argumento de que os saberes e prÃticas vivenciados pelos trabalhadores/ressocializadores do Sistema PenitenciÃrio do Estado do CearÃ, oriundos de uma formaÃÃo graduada ou nÃo graduada em cursos especÃficos, podem ser resignificados e integrados com suporte numa matriz curricular que apresente mÃtodos possibilitadores do exercÃcio da aÃÃo educativa ressocializadora junto aos presidiÃrios. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, com abordagem dialÃtica, no entanto, como se opera com a anÃlise de 1327 cursos e atualizaÃÃes dos profissionais, fez-se a triangulaÃÃo dos dados mediante de um estudo estatÃstico. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram empregados entrevistas semiestruturadas, questionÃrio, anÃlise documental, mapa conceitual e diÃrio de campo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa se constituÃram dos trabalhadores da saÃde do sistema penitenciÃrio lotados no hospital penal e manicÃmio judiciÃrio, inclusive os agentes penitenciÃrios lotados nas referidas unidades, por se ponderar que as atribuiÃÃes desses profissionais possuem uma interface com o processo de trabalho da equipe de saÃde. Como resultado da anÃlise, identificou-se o fato de que a formaÃÃo dos trabalhadores/ressocializadores do sistema penitenciÃrio nÃo à adequada à natureza social do trabalho que realizam, sendo, pois, ressignificados, de modo que à e apresentada uma proposta de educaÃÃo continuada formalizada. Na elaboraÃÃo da cartografia de saberes e prÃticas, evidencia-se que os saberes e prÃticas adquiridos pelos profissionais de saÃde do sistema penitenciÃrio foram constituÃdos com a vivencia, no contexto da prisÃo, com o outro e com o preso, portanto, uma aprendizagem nÃo formal. Apresenta-se ao final do estudo, uma proposta de avaliaÃÃo curricular de cunho emancipatÃrio e dialÃtico. / This thesis analyses the âeducationalâ background of the correctional systemâs health field professionals. To facilitate the evaluation, this study divided their formation in four categories: formal, informal, offered by the correctional system or searched by the own professional. It also exposes the difficulties in analyzing informal experiences in order to propose a formal âeducationâ capable to provide the professional development they need and also accomplish the correctional system main goal: the inmateâs return to the community. The main goals of this study are: to do an evaluative research of the Cearà stateâs correctional system professionalsâ formal or informal formation and its interface with the inmate re-socialization, aiming at proposing principles and themes which integrates both formations; to evaluate the professionalsâ background by identifying the informal curricular elements and is interface with the inmate re-socialization; to elaborate a cartography of knowledge and practices using the professionalsâ experiences, as well as to propose a thematic matrix which continued formation of re-socializing professionals; and, at last, to propose a method to evaluate the correctional systemâs health field professionalsâ formation. This study states the following thesis: the knowledge and practices experimented by the Cearà stateâs correctional system professionals, acquired from a graduated education or not, can be redefined and added by using a curricular matrix with methods to make possible the inmatesâ re-socialization. The analytical study used a dialectic approach methodology. Statistical cross-data analysis was done to find correlations in the more than 1327 courses done by the professionals. Interviews, documental analysis, conceptual chart, and field diary were the methodologies used to acquire data. The analysisâ result showed that the professionalsâ formation is inadequate to the nature of their work. It was presented a proposal of a formalized continued education. The knowledge and practices cartography showed that all the professionalsâ knowledge and practices were acquired by himself and through the interaction professional-professional and professional-inmate, therefore, evidencing an informal education. It was presented a method to evaluate the correctional systemâs health field professionalsâ formation