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Crime prevention and sentencing : a practical penological perspectiveMuthaphuli, Phumudzo 08 July 2013 (has links)
No abstract or keywords allocated in thesis / Department of Penology / D.Litt. et Phil.
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The role of deterrence and retribution in sentencing in South African courtsNtshangase, David 11 1900 (has links)
The role of Deterrence and Retribution in sentencing in South
African Courts
Since the early history of the existence of humanity punishment
has been meted out to transgressors of the laws of society.
Informal sanctions, including ostracism are imposed by members of
society for social transgressions. Formal punishment is imposed
by courts through a system of criminal justice.
This dissertation deals with the concept of punishment. It
considers the significance of the theories of punishment in the
sentencing process with particular reference to deterrence and
retribution, the philosophical rationale for their use and thus
their role in sentencing.
In this study the historical evolution of retribution is traced
and the recognition accorded particularly to retribution and
deterrence as well as reformation and prevention as penal
objectives at various periods in history is examined.
Case law has been cited to determine their recognition by
judicial practice in criminal courts.
The study also reflects on the criminal justice system's clients'
perceptions on sentencing. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M.
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The role of volunteers in the transformation of the South African criminal justice systemNxumalo, Thamsanqa Elisha 06 1900 (has links)
The history of the criminal justice system in South Africa, in the last decade is a history
dominated by the desire for change and transformation. It will be remembered that we are talking
of a system which, in the past, formed part of the State apparatus of a minority government which
included racist elements and highly restrictive legal regime in dealing with communities, crime and
criminals.
The criminal justice system is constituted by four core departments, namely: the South
African Police Services; Department of Justice, Correctional Services and Welfare.
The argument is whether the volunteers from the community should be involved at all in the fight
against crime or not. Some people feel that a system· of justice should be controlled by
professionals, who are accountable for their decisions, namely: the Police, Justice, and
Correctional Services. However, the research revealed that a system which excludes the community
from participating, will render itself ineffective and open to abuse.
This topic should be further researched within each department in the criminal justice system in
order to explore possibilities of attracting volunteers in the transformation of their respective
departments. / Penology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Penology)
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Toegang tot getuieverklarings in strafsakeStruwig, Petrus Johannes Dirkse 11 1900 (has links)
Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in Afrikaans / In the past, witness statements obtained by or on behalf of a party to a criminal
case were protected, from disclosure to the opponent, by privilege. The purpose
of this dissertation is to investigate whether such claims to privilege are justified
and whether openness before and during the trial is not perhaps more important
to the interests of justice. The disclosure of witness statements to the defence is
a commonly recognized practice all over the world. This practice enhances
openness before and during the criminal trial. The arguments against and in
favor of such a practice are many, but investigation into these has shown that it
is in the interests of justice to disclose such statements to the defence, rather
than to deny access. Furthermore, the writer investigates whether it would be in
the interests of justice to compel the defence to assist the court in determining
the truth. / In die verlede is getuieverklarings wat deur of ten behoewe van 'n party tot 'n
strafsaak bekom is deur privilegie beskerm, teen openbaarmaking aan die
teenstander. Verskeie argumente is aangevoer om die beroep op getuieverklaring
privilegie te regverdig. Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om ondersoek in te
stel of sulke aansprake geregverdig is en of openheid voor en gedurende die
verhoor nie meer belangrik vir die belang van geregtigheid is nie. Die
openbaarmaking van getuieverklarings aan die verdediging is 'n algemeen
erkende praktyk regoor die wereld. Hierdie praktyk bevorder openheid voor en
tydens die strafverhoor. Die argumente vir en teen so 'n praktyk is baie en 'n
ondersoek daarvan dui daarop dat dit in die belang van geregtigheid is om sulke
verklarings aan die verdediging te openbaar, eerder as om toegang daartoe te
weier. Die vraag is nou of dit nie ook in die belang van geregtigheid is dat die
verdediging verplig word om die hof by te staan om die waarheid vas te stel nie.
Ten slotte het die skrywer aan die hand gedoen dat partye tot 'n straf saak
getuieverklarings gelyktydig voor die verhoor uitruil en ondersoek ingestel of so 'n
praktyk in ooreenstemming met die Grondwet van Suid-Afrika 108 van 1996 kan
wees. / Law / LL.M.
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Nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid as verweer in die Suid-Afrikaanse strafregVan der Merwe, Frederik Wilhelm 06 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Die verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid in die Suid-Afrikaanse strafreg word
bespreek. Hierdie verweer is van onlangse oorsprong en verskil van die verwere van
ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid as gevolg van jeugdigheid en geestesongesteldheid soos in artikel 78(1)
van die Strafproseswet 51 van 1977 uiteengesit word.
Die verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid dek gevalle waar dit deur faktore soos
emosionele spanning veroorsaak is. Hierdie verweer staan ook as die algemene ontoerekeningsvatbaarheidsverweer
bekend.
In 'n aantal beslissings, soos onder andere, S v Arnold 1985 (3) SA 256 (C); S v Campher 1987 (1)
SA 940 (A) en S v Chretien 1981 (1) SA 1097 (A), word die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat die verweer
van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid wei in die Suid-Afrikaanse strafreg bestaansreg het.
Ten einde met 'n verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid te slaag, is die blote ipse
dixit van die beskuldigde onvoldoende. 'n Behoorlike grondslag vir die verweer moet gele word. Die
bewyslas in die geval van 'n verweer van nie-patologiese ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid word bespreek. / The defence of non-pathological criminal incapacity in the South African criminal law is discussed.
It is a relatively new defence and should be distinguished from the defences such as youth and mental
illness set out in section 78(1) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977.
This defence covers cases in which criminal capacity is excluded by factors such as intoxication and
emotional stress. It is also known as a general defence of criminal incapacity.
In a number of cases, inter alia in S v Arnold 1985(3) SA 256 (C); S v Campher 1987 (1) SA 940 (A)
and S v Chretien 1981 (1) SA 1 097 (A) the conclusion is reached that the defence, non-pathological
criminal incapacity, does have a right of existence in the South African criminal law.
In order to successfully raise the defence on non-pathological criminal incapacity, the mere ipse dixit
of the accused is insufficient. A proper foundation for the defence must be laid. The onus of proof
is discussed. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL. M.
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Sentencing the juvenile accusedCassim, Fawzia 11 1900 (has links)
The abolition of corporal punishment in S v Williams and Others 1995 (3) SA 632
(CC) provided the state with the impetus to consider alternative sentencing
options. Unsystematic efforts by the government to reform the juvenile justice
system have failed abysmally. The government was forced to review its policies
on juvenile sentencing. An examination of international trends reveals the
imposition of stricter measures of punishment for serious and violent juvenile
offenders. Community-based sentencing options are used mainly for first-time
offenders. The focus has also shifted from punishment and retribution to
prevention and treatment. It is advocated that serious and violent juvenile
offenders be incarcerated in secure-care facilities and/or juvenile prisons and that
community-based sentencing options be utilised for first-time offenders. The
government should also design programmes that deal with situations that lead to
crime and delinquency / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M. (Law)
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Die arrestasiebevoegdheid van die private persoon (ingevolge aa 42 en 49 van die Strafproseswet 51 van 1977) met spesiale verwysing na die oewerbewoner en Martinus 1990 (2) SASV 568 (A) en ander verwante sakeFowler, Henriette 01 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Die private persoon het sekere bevoegdhede betreffende die
arrestasie en die gebruik van geweld tydens arrestasie van
lede van die publiek wat misdade pleeg/gepleeg het. Hierdie
bevoegdheid spruit uit sowel die gemenereg as die wettereg.
Kragtens die Suid-Afrikaanse Strafproseswet word hierdie
bevoegdhede gereel deur aa 42 en 49.
Oewerbewoners as eienaars van grand is geregtig op die
onverstoorde gebruik en genot van hulle eiendom.
Daarteenoor is kanovaarders ook daarop geregtig om op
openbare ri vi ere vir wedvaarte te oefen. Di t is egter
belangrik om vas te stel of die portage van kano's op die
oewer insidenteel is tot die reg om op die rivier te vaar.
Ewewig moet bewerkstellig word tussen die botsende belange.
Die Waterwet 54 van 1956 behoort gewysig en vereenvoudig te
word, aangesien Suid-Afrika nie slegs op die RomeinsHollandse
reg kan staatmaak nie - ons waterprobleme staan
direk teenoor die van die Nederlande. / The private person has certain powers regarding the arrest
and the use of force to effect the arrest of members of the
public who have committed/are committing offences. These
powers are derived from either common law or statutory law.
In terms of the South African Criminal Procedure Act these
powers are regulated by ss 42 and 49.
Riparian owners are entitled to the undisturbed use and
enjoyment of their property. On the other hand, canoeists
are also entitled to practise on public rivers. It is
important, however, to ascertain whether portage of canoes
on the river bank is incidental to the right of canoeing on
the river.
A balance should be struck between these conflicting
interests. The Water Act 54 of 1956 should be amended and
simplified, since South Africa cannot rely on Roman Dutch
law alone - our water problems are the complete opposite of
those in the Netherlands. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M. (Straf- en Strafprosesreg)
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Penologiese ondersoek rakende voorvonnisevaluering / Penological investigation concerning a presentence evaluationDe Villiers, Elizabeth Ann 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie verhandeling is 'n poging om 'n teoretiese-prinsipiele uiteensetting te gee omtrent voorvonnisevaluering vanuit 'n penologiese gesigspunt.
Met voorvonnisevalueringsverslae word daar gepoog om op 'n sinlike manier beide
positiewe en negatiewe elemente van die individuele oortreder se persoonlike- en
maatskaplike agtergrond en huidige situasie aan die lig te bring naamlik kenmerke
van sy gedragspatrone sowel van sy sterk en swak eienskappe.
Die hoofdoel van voorvonnisevalueringsverslae en voorvonnisondersoeke is om
regters, landdroste en howe behulpsaam te wees met die bepaling van 'n gepaste
en ge"individualiseerde straf. Sonder basiese en deeglike kennis van die oortreder
as persoon sal enige verhoorhof in die duister 'n vonnis ople en die kanse vir 'n
gepaste straf sal skraal wees. Benewens die wesenlike groei en belangstelling in
voorvonnisevelueringsverslae wat deur proefbeamptes of korrektiewe beamptes
voorberei word pleit verskeie skrywers vir die gebruikmaking van hierdie evalueringsverslae
in die strafregsplegingstelsel veral wat betref jeugdiges, eerste
oortreders en ernstige oortreders. / The dissertation will attempt a theoretic fundamental exposition of the role of the
presentence evaluation as seen from a penological perspective.
With presentence evaluation they attempt to take into consideration the positive as
well as the negative elements which are present in the individual's personal and
social background for example their day-to-day behaviour.
The main purpose of the presentence evaluation report and presentence investigation
is to aid the judges, prosecutors and the court in determining a suitable and
individualized punishment. Without basic and complete knowledge of the offender
as a person the court will not be able to deliver fair judgements and the changes that
a suitable punishment will be given is limited. Due to a positive interest in this
presentence evaluation report several writers insist of making use of this evaluation
report in the criminal law justice system especially where youth, first time offenders
and major offenders are concerned. / Penology / M.A. (Penologie)
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Reg op regsverteenwoordiging met spesifieke verwysing na 'n handves van menseregteBarwise, Maria Elizabeth Danetta 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 200 of 1993 that took effect
from 27 April 1994, gave an accused a constitutional right to legal
representation.
Although the right of an accused to be legally represented formed an integral part
of the South African Law, the Constitution gave him the further right ofbeing
provided with legal representation at the cost of the State .
For the practical implementation ofthe Constitution extensive changes to the
current Legal Aid Scheme are essential .
This work is an investigation of the justification of an accused's right to legal
representation and the right to be provided with legal representation at the
expense of the State . The practical implementation of the Constitution is
discussed and suggestions are made that might be a solution to the current
problem of the provision of legal aid at the State's expense. / Die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika 200 van 1993 wat op 27 April
1994 in werking getree het, het konstitusionele erkenning verleen aan 'n
beskuldigde se reg op regsverteenwoordiging .
Alhoewel die reg van 'n beskuldigde tot regsverteenwoordiging inherent deel van
die Suid-Afrikaanse reg was het die Grondwet verder gegaan en 'n beskuldigde
die reg gegee om op staatskoste van regsverteenwoordiging voorsien te word .
Om die Grondwet prakties uitvoerbaar te maak sal ingrypende veranderings aan
die huidige Regshulpskema noodsaaklik wees .
Hierdie werk behels 'n regshistoriese - en regsvergelykende studie van die reg van
'n beskuldigde tot regsverteenwoordiging en die reg om op staatskoste van
regshulp voorsien te word . Die praktiese uitvoerbaarheid van die Grondwet word
bespreek en voorstelle word aan die hand gedoen om die huidige situasie, wat
betref die verskaffing van regshulp op staatskoste, te verbeter . / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL. M.
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Die konstitusionele invloed op borgstelling / The constitutional influence on bailLoots, Maria Magdalena 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Wanneer die konstitusionele invloed op borgstelling in die bree bespreek word, moet die
bepalings van die Grondwet 200 van 1993 met inbegrip van die Handves van Menseregte en die
onderliggende waardes, beginsels en doelstellings daartoe binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks
inaggeneem word. Die algemene transformasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap in 'n
verteenwoordigende demokrasie, veelvolkigheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap,
eskalerende misdaadsyfer, wantroue van die gemeenskap in die regstelsel en die beklemtoning van
fundamentele regte is aspekte wat figureer binne die Suid-Afrikaanse borgtogreg. Die
tradisionele benadering dat die bewyslas op die beskuldigde rus tydens borgtogverrigtinge is
binne die moderne borgtogreg en in die lig van die Grondwet 200 van 1993 asook die Tweede
Strafproseswysigingswet 75 van 1995 onvanpas. As algemene reel behoort die bewyslas by 'n
borgaansoek op die staat te rus op oorwig van waarskynlikhede. In sekere spesifiek omskrewe
gevalle soos vervat inartikel60(11) van die Tweede Strafproseswysigingswet rus die bewyslas op die
beskuldigde. Hierdie beperking is regverdigbaar in tenne van artike133 van die Grondwet
200 van 1993. Daar bestaan verder nie voldoende rede om nie gebruik te maak van die
bewyslasbegrip as gevestigde prosessuele maatreel tydens borgverrigtinge nie. In die moderne
Suid-Afrikaanse borgtogreg moet 'n balans gehandhaaf word tussen die belange van die gemeenskap en
die fundamentele regte van die individu. Die howe moet in elke spesifieke geval· inhoud aan hierdie
beginsel verleen. / When the effect of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 200 of 1993 on bail is
considered, the transformation of the South African community, multi-racial society, high
crimerate, disillusionment of the community with regard to the courtsystem and importance of
fundamental rights must be regarded. The traditional approach that the onus is upon the accused
(in his capacity as applicant) to prove on a balance of probability that the court should exercise
its discretion in favour of granting bail and, in discharging this burden, he must show that the
interests of justice will not be prejudiced, is in terms ofthe Constitution 200 of 1993 and the
Criminal Procedure Second Amendment Act 75 of 1995 unacceptable. It is submitted that the onus
should be on the State to place grounds before the Court why there should be an exercise of
discretion in favour of the State for further detention of the individual. In terms of certain
spesific crimes as described in article 60(11) of the Criminal Procedure Second Amendment Act theis
placed on the accused. This exception is acceptable as it prescribes to
the requirements in article 33 of the Constitution 200 of 1993. It is submitted that there is no
reason why onus as excepted evidentiary rule should not be used in bail applications. A
balance between the interest of the community and fundamental rights of the individual must be kept
in modern law regarding bail. It is in the hands of the courts to substantiate this balance. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M. (Criminal & Procedural Law)
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