Depuis l’entrée en vigueur du Traité d’Amsterdam, le 1er mai 1999 et la « communautarisation » de la coopération judiciaire civile, l’Union européenne a adopté de nombreux instruments applicables aux litiges transfrontaliers, au point que l’on peut aujourd’hui parler d’un « droit judiciaire privé européen ». Or, il est permis de s’interroger sur les principes qui le gouvernent. Par comparaison, le Code de procédure civile français comprend un chapitre entier consacré aux principes directeurs du procès civil. De l’étude des instruments de l’Espace judiciaire civil européen, quatre principes directeurs ont été identifiés : le principe du contradictoire, le principe du rôle actif du juge, le principe de célérité et le principe du dialogue transfrontalier. Il est alors possible, dans une démarche prospective, de s’interroger sur leur éventuelle consécration en droit de l’Union. Un certain nombre d’obstacles ont été relevés mais aucun ne paraît dirimant. Possible, cette consécration semble également souhaitable. Ses différents apports ont en effet été mis en évidence. Il restait à déterminer la base juridique ainsi que l’instrument normatif de cette consécration. À ce titre, l’article 81 du Traité sur le fonctionnement de l’Union européenne relatif à la coopération judiciaire en matière civile pourrait servir de base juridique. Par ailleurs, c’est lavoie du règlement et non celle de la directive qui a été ici privilégiée. / Since the Treaty of Amsterdam entered into force on the 1st of May 1999 and the “communitarisation” of judicial cooperation in civil matters, the European Union has adopted many legal instruments relating to cross-border litigation, to the extent that one can now refer to a distinct “European International Private Law”, the governing principles of which have yet to be defined. By comparison, the French Code of Civil Procedure includes an entire chapter devoted to the governing principles applicable to civil trials. Based on a study of the European civil justice area, four governing principles can be identified: the adversarial principle, the principle of the judge’s active role, the principle of urgency and the principle of cross-border dialogue. In prospective terms, it follows that the possibility of these four principles’ being enacted in EU law is a matter worthy of examination. Several obstacles can be identified, none of which appears to be insuperable. Having been recognised as a possibility, such a consecration also seems desirable on the grounds of its several demonstrable advantages. The legal basis and vehicle of the above-mentioned four principles’ legal enshrinement remain to be determined. In this regard, article 81 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, pertaining to judicial cooperation in civil matters, couldserve as a legal basis. In terms of implementation, this study also argues in favor of regulations over directives.

This master thesis deals with the characteristics of cross-border mergers, particularly from a legal and tax perspective. The first part defines the basic concepts and legislation, which is related to the cross-border mergers. The second part deals with the analysis of cross-border mergers, in which participated Czech companies. The third part treats the selected states in terms of tax systems. From analyzed states is chosen the most profitable tax system for Czech companies considering cross-border merger.

Skadestånd i gränsöverskridande brottmål är ett ämne som berör frågor om såväl domstols internationella behörighet som frågor om lagval. I uppsatsen har särskilt frågor om behörighet och lagval diskuterats för det fall det enskilda anspråket avskiljs från brottmålet. Är det självklart att svensk lag ska tillämpas på hela brottmålsprocessen eller ska det vara annorlunda vid handläggningen av det enskilda anspråket? Frågan om domstols internationella behörighet uppmärksammas sällan i domstol, medan bestämmelserna i 2 kap. BrB gör det. När domstolen konstaterat att den är behörig enligt BrB har svensk lag, som regel, tillämpats på hela processen. Det är något som ifrågasätts i uppsatsen. Uppsatsen har också tagit ställning till frågan om vem som ansvarar för att utländsk rätt ska uppmärksammas. Vidare har uppsatsen belyst problemet att tillämpningen av skadeståndsrättsliga principer varierar beroende på vilken myndighet som handlägger frågan. Sammanfattningsvis är det min uppfattning att lagvalsfrågor inte hanteras enligt gällande rätt. Ett annat problem som uppmärksammas är att EU:s Bryssel I a-förordning och Rom II-förordning får något av en fakultativ ställning i svensk rätt i så kallade blandade mål – det vill säga när domstolen handlägger brottmålet och tvistemålet gemensamt i en och samma rättegång. Uppsatsen illustrerar att svensk nationell lagstiftning i fråga om behörighet och lagval behöver ses över för att bättre samspela med unionsrättsliga bestämmelser i skadeståndsfrågor i gränsöverskridande brottmål. En av slutsatserna i uppsatsen är att de oklarheter som föreligger i dessa avseenden leder till rättsosäkerhet. / This master thesis illustrates and analyzes the various problems which might occur when dealing with questions of damages in cross-border criminal cases. In the Nordic legal systems the tradition is to join the private claim with the criminal case and handle them together in the criminal trial procedure. In Sweden the criminal case is decided under the Swedish Criminal Code (brottsbalken, SFS 1962:700) while the question of indemnity liability is decided under the Tort Liability Act (skadeståndslagen, SFS 1972:207) which is a part of the civil procedural law. In modern days Internet is often used as an aid to commit crimes. The Internet-related crimes have increased during the past decades. The perpetrator in one country can, by using Internet, commit crimes towards victims in other countries. Accordingly, I have analyzed the following questions: How should the courts’ international jurisdiction be decided when dealing with a private claim in a criminal case? Furthermore, which law is applicable when deciding the private claim? Other issues concern under what circumstances a court can separate the private claim from the criminal case. My analysis may shed some light on the needs of updating national regulations in these questions. Some of the issues this master thesis focuses on are that the Brussels Ibis Regulation and Rome II Regulation is treated as optional law instead of non-optional law. These instruments are to have priority as they originate in EU law. This master thesis shows that these issues must be dealt with in order to have confidence in the legal system and also to defend the rule of law such as legal security and foreseeability.

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer la conduite des politiques macroprudentielles dans une union monétaire hétérogène, comme la zone euro, en s'appuyant sur les très récents développements théoriques et empiriques des modèles en équilibre général dynamique stochastique (DSGE) et de l'économétrie Bayésienne. Dans notre analyse, nous considérons deux faits majeurs caractérisant l'Eurosystème: la divergence des cycles économiques entre le cœur et la périphérie de la zone et l'intégration bancaire à l'origine de spillovers lors de la mise en œuvre de politiques macroprudentielles. Voici les résultats que nous tirons de nos expérimentations. D'abord, la mise en œuvre des mesures de politique macroprudentielle améliore le bien-être au niveau de l'union. Les gains de bien-être plus élevés sont observés lorsque les pays utilisent plusieurs instruments et lorsque la politique macroprudentielle est mise en œuvre de manière granulaire. Cependant, la conduite de la politique macroprudentielle n'est pas forcément bénéfique pour tous les pays participants: dans la plupart des cas, les pays périphériques sont gagnants tandis que les pays du cœur enregistrent des faibles gains de bien-être voire parfois des pertes. Dans nos simulations, nous constatons qu'il existe un équilibre favorisant le bien-être à la fois aux niveaux mondial et national pour tous les participants mais sa réalisation nécessite une intervention d'une autorité fédérale telle l'ESRB. Enfin, l'introduction de prêts transfrontaliers ouvre un nouveau canal de transmission international important qui tend à augmenter les gains de bien-être associées à des mesures macroprudentielles. Ignorer ces prêts bancaires transfrontaliers peut conduire à des résultats fallacieux dans le classement des différents plans d'instauration de la politique macroprudentielle. / The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the conduct of macroprudential policies in an heterogenous monetary union, such as the Eurozone, by borrowing on the very recent theoretical and empirical developments of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models and Bayesian econometrics. We account for two main patterns of the Eurosystem: the business cycles divergence between core and peripheral countries and the globalization of banking and its spillovers when implementing macroprudential policies. As a main result, the implementation of macroprudential policy measures improves welfare at the global level. The highest welfare gains are observed when countries use multiple instruments and when macroprudential policy is implemented in a granular fashion. However, the conduct of macroprudential policy is not a free lunch for participating countries: in most situations, peripheral countries are winners while core countries record either smaller welfare gains or even welfare losses. In many policy experiments, we find that there exists an equilibrium that combines welfare increases at both the global and national levels for all participants but its enforceability requires a federal action, thus justifying the existence of a coordination mechanism such as the ESRB in the Eurozone. Finally, the possibility of banks to engage in cross border lending introduces an important spillover channel that tends to increase the welfare gains associated to macroprudential measures. Ignoring this phenomenon may lead to fallacious results in terms of the welfare ranking of alternative implementation schemes.

Town-twinning is a way of international cooperation between self-governments at the local level. The town-twinning is based on regular meetings of town representatives and citizens. The other type of international cooperation is the cross-border cooperation that points at common solution of problems in particular border area. The main aim of the town-twinning is information and experience exchange, arrangement of common cultural and sport events, school cooperation and language skills improvement. Thanks to the involvement of citizens in town-twinning activities, the mutual prejudices are eliminated and relations improved. The diploma thesis analyses the town-twinning between Prague and Nuremberg (Nürnberg), Pilsen and Regensburg, Domažlice and Furth im Wald. Thanks to the partnership, the towns and cities can advance their own interests in foreign policy by methods of public diplomacy and paradiplomacy regardless the relations between country governments. The improvement of international relations thanks to the town-twinning can be represented by the relationship between the Czech Republic and the Free State of Bavaria, where the twin towns were constituted without regard to the official policy of the country or the federal state. These contacts at the governmental level were very influenced by...

The aim of this PhD thesis is to analyse the current status of European insolvency law and with the help of both national and European judicial decisions put together an overview of practical obstacles that insolvency courts, debtors, creditors and insolvency trustees across Europe are facing when dealing with cross-border insolvencies. At the very core of this topic stands the European Insolvency Regulation ("EIR") which was adopted in 2015 and is effective within the member states as of June 2017. Since this regulation was put together as a recast of its predecessor, i.e. the original insolvency regulation adopted in 2000 and effective as of 2002, naturally this research is oriented at comparing the two legislative acts and mainly assessing whether or not the recast EIR managed to overcome some of the inconsistencies in the wording of the original EIR, often resulting in conflicting interpretations and a great deal of preliminary rulings filed with the Court of Justice of the EU. Apart from looking into good old instruments of private international law such as the scope, the jurisdiction, the choice of law and the recognition and enforcement rules governed by the EIR, this thesis also focuses on topics that are very bankruptcy-specific and dissimilar to anything we know from other fields of law....

The purpose of this study is to investigate one of the European Structural Fundprogrammes, Interreg V Öresund-Kattegat-Skagerrak (ÖKS) and the priority areaTransportation. The programme gives financial support to transportation projectsaiming to develop sustainable (environmentally friendly) transportation alternativesand solutions. Through studies and theories on cross-border collaboration (CBC) and goals forsustainable transportation a major need of joint strategies for solving shared problems,such as environmental concerns has been demonstrated. This approach ofcollaboration projects as a pillar for sustainable development has been the foundationof how the current Interreg programme has been studied and the starting point for thisresearch. The study aims to clarify the relationship between the overall view uponcooperation and joint development programmes (within areas stretching over nationaland administrative borders, such as transportation) and the specific Interregprogramme. A programme which during current period (2014-2020) experienced adrastic decline of number of applicants. In order to further understand the context thecurrent study has trough empirical research defined added values (advantages) of theCBC but also identified the perceived difficulties and barriers (disadvantages). Thefounding’s have further been compared and supplemented with perspectives fromrelevant actors engaged in transportation development. This material has beencollected through qualitative interviews enabling a vital and good understanding ofconcerned actors and their view of advantages and disadvantages with CBC. Theanalysis has also enabled the conclusion that the general view among the actors is thatcollaboration projects are necessary for a sustainable development. However, studiedprogramme with declined number of applicants did not succeed in attracting desiredparticipants. Consequently, the actors were also asked to share their view upon thedecline of applicants for current Interreg period. One identified explanation wasrelated to the administrative burden which was perceived too heavy by the actors. Inaddition, the financial part was perceived to be too low or poorly designed. Theknowledge about the programme was also found to be limited among some of theactors. To be able to involve more participants in the future it has been concluded thatimprovements within the three areas of defined obstacles have to be implemented. This investigation and findings aim to contribute to increased insights andunderstanding of the cross-border cooperation process in order to be able to reach andinvolve relevant actors in the most favourable way for successful future projects anddesired sustainable development.

The topic of diploma thesis is the impact of cross-border cooperation on the development of the region. This thesis is included theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part are specified terms as region, regional development, regional politics and cross-border cooperation. The practical part focuses on description of socioeconomic factors of the Moravian-Silesian Region and Silesian Region. This thesis contains also questionnaires. Furthermore are analysed socioeconomics impacts of these regions, which are provoked especially by cross-border cooperation and tourism. The last part of the thesis is verification of efficiency of cross-border cooperation on the investment purpose.

The topic of this diploma thesis is cross-border cooperation of the Moravian-Silesian region. It contains a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on regional development and regional policy, including the financing of development strategies. Furthermore, it covers the topic of cross-border cooperation and the characteristics of the Moravian-Silesian region. The practical part is focused on the investment project Hraniční vrch Lookout Tower located in the town of Albrechtice. This project was created in the framework of cross-border cooperation with Poland. Using the knowledge from the theoretical part, the outcome is processed as the evaluation of the impact of cross-border cooperation project on the development of the region in relation to tourism.

Materials scientists from Ústí nad Labem and Dresden met in June of 2022 for the first joint PhD Conference on Material Science, with the special focus on biologization, nanotechnology and simulation. The conference aimed to encourage interdisciplinary exchange between Čzech and German research institutes and promote transnational cooperation on an international level along the Saxon- Čzech border. Due to the restrictions caused by the corona pandemic, several attempts were necessary before the conference, which was first planned in 2020, could finally take place for the first time in 2022. The conference could take place in presence, which was seen as a big plus by all participants, especially as it was the first meeting in this German - Čzech context for most of the participants. The attending scientists (about 60) met at the Institute of Material Science of TU Dresden in Germany for the first half of the week before the conference moved to the faculties of Science and Environment of the Jan Evangelista Purkyně University UJEP in Ústí nad Labem in Čzechia. The organized activities ranged from scientific presentations of current PhD projects and research topics, lab tours in the participating institutions, come-together events such as a guided tour at the dye collection of the TU Dresden and a hiking trip to Bohemian Switzerland. The conference was funded by INTERREG VA Saxony - Čzech Republic - a cooperation programme of the Elbe/Labe region. All participants - PhD students, scientists and staff members of the participating institutions - enjoyed this opportunity to build individual and new contacts, exchange information on current research topics and methods, find starting points for future collaborations between the different research areas and institutions and also discuss the similarities and differences between the German and Čzech research landscape. The purpose of this brochure is to present the institutions with their special topics and laboratories and to present current research topics - on the base of the presented PhD projects.:1 Introduction 2 1.1 Committees 5 2 Presentation of the participating institutes and chairs 5 2.1 Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem 6 2.1.1 Faculty of Science 6 2.1.2 Faculty of Environment 12 2.2 Technische Universität Dresden 17 2.2.1 Institute of Material Science 17 2.3 Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS 19 2.3.1 Department Bio- and Nanotechnology at IKTS 19 2.4 Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz-IFW Dresden 21 2.5 TRANS³Net 22 3 Presentation of the PhD topics 23 3.1 Topic: BIOLOGIZATION 23 3.1.1 Ludovico Andrea Alberta: Exploring the effect of Cu additions on the mechanical behaviour of β-TiNb biomaterials 23 3.1.2 Franziska Alt: Formation of a microenvironment for directed differentiation of stem cells in a perfusion bioreactor 25 3.1.3 Dmitry Belyaev: Circular microfluidic systems for electro-chemical continuous monitoring of bio-chemicals in emulsion droplets 27 3.1.4 Constantin Ißleib: Dynamic osteoimmunological crosstalk in a bone replacement context 28 3.1.5 Adela Jagerová: Surface Modification by High-Energy Heavy-Ion Irradiation in Various Crystalline ZnO Facets 29 3.1.6 Nils Kaube: Bioinspired development of artificial enamel via in-situ nano-mineralization 30 3.1.7 Michaela Kocholata: Isolation and characterization of plant derived nanovesicles 30 3.1.8 Zuzana Nejedlá: Dendrimers as Drug Delivery System 31 3.1.9 Jacub Perner: Effect of cold plasma treatment of Poppy and Proso Millet seeds in plasma downer 32 3.1.10 Marina Roshchina: Development of new bacteria-killing coatings on beta-Ti-Nb alloy based on functional oxide nanotubular (ONT) layers 33 3.1.11 Muhammad Saqib: Algorithms and fluid-dynamic experimental platform for in vitro degradation studies of implant materials 34 3.1.12 Jacub Tolasz: Interaction of pollutants on nanoceria 35 3.1.13 Zuzana Žmudová: 3D spheroid culture for in vitro testing of nanoparticles 35 3.2 Topic: METROLOGY 37 3.2.1 Katrien Boonen: The potential of dendrochemistry and dendroecology in pollution research 37 3.2.2 Ivan Lopez Carasco: Development of immobilization protocols for Tro6 and Tro4 aptamers to be used in electrochemical biosensor 38 3.2.3 Jacub Hoskovec: Functionalized electrospun materials for selectvie capture of selected gases 39 3.2.4 Dominic Pilnaj: Applications of gas sensors for air-quality monitoring and identification of volatile organic compounds by GC-HRMS 39 3.2.5 Michaela Průšová: Prostat, Glioblastoma and Mammary carcinoma cells derived exosomes: Their isolation, characterization and loading with doxorubicin 40 3.2.6 Kateřina Přibylová: Preparation of nanostructured surfaces for CO2 Detection, Capture and Utilization 41 3.2.7 Michal Syrový: Chemical modification of PAN – based nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning and their properties for CO2 capture potential 42 3.3 Topic: GEOLOGICAL/MATERIALS 43 3.3.1 Sabine Apelt: Using biomimicry to design anti-ice surfaces for air-water heat pumps 43 3.3.2 Jan Dočkal: Molecular dynamics of interfacial solution structure of alkali-halide electrolytes at graphens electrodes 47 3.3.3 Tereza Dušková: Metal complexes with polyfluorinated NHCs 48 3.3.4 Kristína Fiantoková: Obtaining of the active mass from the spent Li-Ion batteries 48 3.3.5 Stephanie Ihmann: Engineering of bio-based Building and Construction Materials 49 3.3.6 Sara Jalali: Degradable bone substitute materials with load-bearing properties - Fiber-strengthened silica 50 3.3.7 Pavel Kaule: Preparation of heteroborane derivatives for thin film deposition by the covalent bond formation 53 3.3.8 M. Kozakovic: The effect of primary and secondary flows on the homogenization process in a vertical bladed mixer 53 3.3.9 Pavlína Matysová: Molecular Simulation of Salt Hydrates 54 3.3.10 Viktorie Neubertová: Surface functionalization of Ti3C2T MXene for MRI contrast agent 55 3.3.11 Robert Ato Newton: Fuel characteristics of Miscanthus x giganteus biomass produced at the marginal and slightly contaminated by trace elements soils 55 3.3.12 Martin Otto: Bioresorbable Fe-based alloys processed via laser powder bed fusion 56 3.3.13 Petr Panuška: A millifluidic chip for cultivation of fish embryos and toxicity testing fabricated by 3D printing technology 59 3.3.14 David Poustka: Unlocking mass production of photocrosslinked chitosan nanofibers 60 3.3.15 Eliška Rezlerová: Adsorption and Diffusion of Short Hydrocarbons and Carbon Dioxide in Shale Organic Matter: Insights from Molecular Simulations 60 3.3.16 Stefan Weitz: Investigating the material hardness of mollusks shells in dry and wet states by microindentation 61