specialcollections@tulane.edu / This dissertation looks at the complex set of representations of Native Americans of the upper and lower Mississippi Valley at stake in four French cultural productions of the late 17th to mid-18th century (1683-1753). These cultural productions extend throughout the French colonial effort in Louisiana. They include two travel narratives – Louis Hennepin’s Découverte de la Louisiane (1683) and Jean-François Benjamin Dumont de Montigny’s Mémoires Historiques (1753) – a newspaper chronicle from the Mercure de France, which relates the visit of five Louisianan Natives to Paris in 1725, and Jean-Philippe Rameau’s entrée Les Sauvages (1736) from his opera-ballet Les Indes Galantes. Through a close literary and musical analysis of these four cultural productions, this dissertation uncovers the multifold and dissonant discourses displayed when representing Native Louisianans. This research is grounded in the understanding that representations of indigenous characters provide limited knowledge about the Louisianan tribes, yet reveal extensive information about their authors, intended audience, and consequently about French identity and culture during this time. These dissonant discourses reflect major uncertainties about the French colonial venture in Louisiana, inquiries into other models of societal organizations and sets of values, interrogations about the potential degeneration of European civilization, questioning of the universality of the Christian faith, and epistemological contradictions associated with the curiosity toward foreign cultures. Moving away from the binary opposition between the “noble” or “ignoble” savage, this dissertation demonstrates how the complex image of Native Americans is fabricated and used to mirror the contemporaneous conflicting epistemologies characterizing the late years of early modern France. / 1 / Sophie Capmartin

Teaching the cultural aspect of foreign language education is a complex and sometimes difficult task, especially since English has become an international language used in different settings and contexts throughout the world. Building on the idea that the spread of the English language and its international status in the world has made English an important school subject to develop students’ cross-cultural and intercultural awareness, this paper has studied what research reveals about the influence this has had on cultural representations in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) textbooks. Findings from a systematic literature review that analyzed four different international studies on the topic are presented. The study showed that EFL textbooks often present stereotypical and overgeneralized representations of culture and that the cultural aspect of EFL education is not adequately addressed since focus tends to lean towards language proficiency. Results also indicated that though steps are made to include cultural representations from different international contexts, the target culture of countries where English is the first language remains dominant in EFL textbooks. The findings are discussed in correlation with the Swedish national curriculum and syllabus.

In both LGR 11 and LGR 22 (Skolverket, 2019; Skolverket, 2022) Skolverket prescribes that those students within the English subject should be given opportunities to learn about the culture in different English-speaking areas. The researcher therefore investigated the extent to which the culture of different English-speaking countries is represented in ESL textbooks.  The goal with this research study was to reveal which countries that receive the most and least attention in ESL textbooks. The purpose of this was to give English teachers an idea of which countries they need to spend the most, and least, time on when it comes to finding or creating new teaching materials.  To find answers to the research question, the researcher followed a Critical Content Analysis model designed by Short (2019). The textbooks that were analyzed were all intended for students in grade 4, and the researcher used checklist to collect data. The study has a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative) but is to the largest degree a qualitative study.  The results shows that the culture of USA and Great Britain were represented to a large degree, while New Zealand and South Africa were mentioned to a minor degree. This means that it might be a good idea for teachers to focus their creating and searching for new teaching materials to certain countries if they want to treat English-speaking countries in their teaching in a balanced manner. This also means that the textbooks do not give students equal opportunities to learn about all the countries in which the English language is used. The study thus confirms what previous research in the field of "ELL textbooks" has shown. Namely that ELL textbooks show the culture of English-speaking countries in an unbalanced manner.

Representações do Judeu na Cultura Brasileira: Imaginário e História resulta de uma ampla investigação na cultura brasileira oral, escrita, e na cultura de massa produzida no país, que buscou reunir e identificar as representações do judeu e os principais temas aos quais estão relacionadas, confrontando o Imaginário e a História nessas expressões culturais. Nossa análise demonstrou que, principalmente no que se refere às expressões da cultura oral, o judeu ainda aparece estreitamente associado à narrativa cristã do martírio de Cristo, e é lembrado como uma extensão do traidor arquetípico, Judas Iscariotes, ou de outro opositor a Jesus, Ahasverus, personagem no qual baseia-se o mito do Judeu Errante. A pesquisa etimológica de algumas palavras e ditados populares próprios da língua portuguesa indicou que velhas formas de preconceito contra o judeu, presentes na cultura brasileira desde o período colonial, permaneceram de alguma forma “intocadas". Com respeito à cultura literária, que incluiu peças teatrais e literatura, muitas figuras do Antigo Testamento emergem como fontes de inspiração a grandes autores ao longo dos séculos. O Romantismo no Brasil teve início com uma peça de Gonçalves Magalhães (1838) marcando, através da figura de Antonio José, a memória das perseguições e padecimentos de cristãos novos durante a Inquisição portuguesa, tema que persistiu inspirando autores brasileiros no século XX. Na poesia, a lenda do Judeu Errante foi revestida de novos significados. Embora nesse âmbito também ocorresse a associação do judeu com figuras representativas da oposição ao cristianismo, ou outras idéais pré-concebidas sobre o judeu nas relações econômicas, a maioria das representações do judeu nas expressões literárias, mormente a partir da segunda metade do século XX, apresentavam-se bem informadas e historicamente contextualizadas. Contemporaneamente, as imagens mais freqüentes do judeu na ficção da cultura de massa, isto é, na dramaturgia e no humor televisivos tendem a descrevê-lo sempre como recém-chegado ao país. Muitas vezes descrito como "eterno estrangeiro" nas interações sociais ali representadas, os personagens judeus parecem representar um tipo de fusão entre o imigrante real e a figura mítica do Judeu Errante, imagens que têm prevalecido por mais de três décadas na TV brasileira. No discurso televisivo não-ficcional, foi observada uma descrição isenta de fatos históricos e informações relativas aos judeus e a Israel à audiência. / Representations of the Jew in Brazilian Culture: Imaginary and History results of a broad investigation into Brazilian oral, literary and mass culture, aiming at collecting and identifying representations of the Jew and the main themes they emerge associated with, while confronting Imaginary and History on these cultural expressions. Our analysis has shown that, mainly in oral cultural expressions, Jews still appear as very much related to the Christian narrative of Jesus’ martyrdom, they are mostly recalled either as an extension of the archetypical traitor, Judas Iscariot, or of another Christ’s opponent, Ahasverus, character on which the myth of the Wandering Jew is based. Etymological research of some terms and the occurrence of some popular sayings in Portuguese have proven that old forms of prejudice against Jews and New Christians have remained somehow “untouched" in Brazilian culture since the colonial period. In respect to literary expressions, which included both plays and literature, Old Testament Biblical characters and themes have appeared quite often in the written production of Brazilian authors along the centuries. Gonçalves Magalhães, precursor of Romanticism in the XIXth century, recorded, through Antonio José, o Poeta e a Inquisição (1838), the memory of persecutions and other probations imposed to New Christians during the Portuguese Inquisition, a theme which persisted as an inspiration to many great authors through the XXth century. In poetry, the legend of the Wandering Jew was provided with new meanings by Romantic poets. Though the same misleading association of Jews and anti-Christ figures or other pre-conceived ideas in the domain of economical relations would still eventually occur, most representations of the Jew in literary expressions, mainly after the second half of the XXth century, were well informed and put in its historical context. Contemporarily, images of the Jew in Brazilian mass culture fiction, that is, on TV dramas and humor, tend to depict him constantly as a “new comer". Described as an “ever stranger" element in social interactions, a typical Jewish character on TV seems to represent the fusion of the real Jewish immigrant and the mythical figure of the Wandering Jew, an image that has persisted along more than three decades on Brazilian TV. Documentaries, news and entertainment programs about Jews and Israel, broadcasted on TV have generally provided unbiased historical information to the audience.

A presente investigação procura identificar os efeitos do currículo cultural nos sujeitos da educação, através da análise das significações elaboradas sobre as práticas corporais tematizadas, bem como sobre seus representantes. Enquanto projeto formativo, o currículo cultural pretende influenciar na constituição de identidades solidárias e a favor das diferenças. Afinal, na luta por uma sociedade menos desigual, o currículo se configura como um artefato cultural importante, pois nele se forjam os cidadãos e cidadãs. É por meio dele, também, que determinados saberes são validados enquanto outros ficam à margem. Na perspectiva cultural da Educação Física, o currículo visa a construir uma proposta onde os distintos patrimônios culturais corporais sejam reconhecidos através da tematização das práticas corporais que coexistem no cenário social, bem como a valorização dos significados produzidos por seus representantes. Para a realização da pesquisa, foi desenvolvida uma etnografia e uma autoetnografia de aulas de Educação Física culturalmente orientadas em escolas públicas da capital paulista. O material produzido foi submetido à análise cultural e confrontado com a teorização pós-crítica. De um modo geral, os resultados permitem afirmar que o currículo cultural em ação exerce uma influência nas significações proferidas pelos estudantes acerca das práticas corporais tematizadas e os sujeitos que delas participam. Contrariando as expectativas iniciais que centravam o processo nas atividades de ampliação mediante o contato com outras representações, o processo de ressignificação acontece desde o mapeamento, perpassa as vivências e se fortalece, de maneira especial, naquelas atividades de aprofundamento em que são desenvolvidas situações didáticas voltadas para a desconstrução de representações pejorativas. Também se concluiu que os professores exercem um papel fundamental nesse processo ao se mostrarem abertos às representações dos estudantes, sem imposição de significados e garantindo-lhes o espaço para livre expressão. / This research attempts to identify the effects of the cultural curriculum in education individuals, through the analysis of the significances drawn over the themed bodily practices, as well as their representatives. As a plan of formation, the cultural curriculum project aims to influence the formation of compassionate identities, supportive of cultural differences. After all, in the struggle for a less unequal society, the curriculum presents itself as an important cultural device, being known that all citizens are forged upon it. It is also through it that some kinds of knowledge are validated, while others are put aside. Within the cultural perspective of Physical Education, the curriculum aims to build up a proposal so that the distinct cultural bodily patrimonies may be recognized through the theming of the bodily practices, which coexist within the social background, as well as the appreciation of the significances produced by their representatives. Within the context of this research there were the development of ethnography and an autoethnography, which took place in culturally oriented Physical Education classes, in public schools from the city of Sao Paulo. The produced material was submitted to a cultural analysis and it was confronted with the postcritical theory. On the whole, the results allow to state that the cultural curriculum in action exerts influence on the significances given by students concerning the thematic bodily practices and the ones who take part on them. Contrary to the initial expectations, that used to focus the process on expansion activities, concerning the contact with other representations, the process of redefinition is build up since the mapping; it elapses experiences and grows stronger, especially on the deepening activities, in which there is the development of educative experiences regarding the deconstruction of derogatory behaviours. It was also concluded that the teachers exert a significant role in this process, by being open to students\' representations without the imposition of significances and, thus, granting them a place for free expression.

La notion de représentation culturelle n’a pas fait l’objet, jusqu’à présent, d’une analyse approfondie qui aurait pu permettre d’en dégager la spécificité. L’intérêt de cette étude portant sur les représentations culturelles de la folie au Sénégal a permis de délimiter un champ de recherche à l’interface de l’individuel et du collectif par une analyse pluridisciplinaire de type complémentaire et une synthèse interdisciplinaire sous l’angle sociologique.Le recueil et la synthèse des données culturelles traditionnelles de la folie au Sénégal et l’analyse des entretiens au sein de l’Hôpital Fann à Dakar ont permis d’entrevoir l’intégration de référentiels issus de multiples univers de sens sacré/profane, magico-religieux/bio-médical au sein des représentations. Cette complexité des données manifestes et latentes, concernant des représentations différentes, au sein d’un même discours remet en question les grilles de lecture simplifiant l’univers polymorphe et changeant des représentations et rappelle l’importance de l’appréhension et de la compréhension des mécanismes d’évolution culturelle et leur impact sur les acteurs sociaux. / The concept of cultural representation was not the object, until now, of a thorough analysis which could have made it possible to release specificity from it. Interest of this study relating to the cultural representations of the madness in Senegal was to delimit a field of research to the interface of individual and collective by a multi-field analysis of complementary type and an interdisciplinary synthesis from a sociological angle.The collection and the synthesis of the traditional cultural data of the madness in Senegal and the analysis of talks from the Hospital Fann in Dakar made it possible to foresee integration of reference frames resulting from multiple universes from crowned/layman and magic-religious/biomedical direction in the representations. This complexity of the manifest and latent data, concerning different representations, within the same speech calls in question the grids of reading simplifying the polymorphic universe and changing representations and recalls the importance of the apprehension and the comprehension of the mechanisms of cultural evolution and their impact on the social actors.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T18:49:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Pedro Henrique Bernardi Rocha - 2016.pdf: 7209305 bytes, checksum: 9407d1a5687a8e8fc1802e23fa47a0d6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-10T10:58:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Pedro Henrique Bernardi Rocha - 2016.pdf: 7209305 bytes, checksum: 9407d1a5687a8e8fc1802e23fa47a0d6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T10:58:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Pedro Henrique Bernardi Rocha - 2016.pdf: 7209305 bytes, checksum: 9407d1a5687a8e8fc1802e23fa47a0d6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work had as its objective the investigation of processes of style and performance in the most current alternative rock from Goiânia (the last five years) from a case study related to the music of three selected bands from the city, considering their aesthetic choices, artistic positioning and, after all, their practices, aiming for processes of identity implicated with this musical genre in the city. The methodological trajectory which made possible to reach the predicted goal, seeking methods and theories that privileged the symbolic, which gives support to the representational, consisted of analysis and interpretation of music scores, transcriptions and musical performances, always related to analysis and interpretation also from CDs, DVDs, the observation of photographies and live shows, lyrics, data collected in the study of the social, historical and cultural scenarios in focus and through oral reports collected in interviews granted by the social actors implicated with the object of study. Through those processes it was possible to verify the evidence of an alternative rock from Goiânia, more specifically related to the stoner rock variation, showing voluminous sound density, very close stylistically to American/English rock, ideologically distanced form national variations in its relation with the cultural industry and with the cultivation of elements from the national and local culture. By interacting with a traditional scenario from Goiânia, implicated as well with representational disputes between tradition and modernity, the alternative rock from the city has showed meaningful traces of a positioning of resistance before the hegemony of representations related to country music, to the relation of this music with residues from the past oligarchical culture from Goiás and with the most radical mechanisms of the cultural industry. It has revealed processes of identity, therefore, one of the vectors of an identity of Goiânia in constant construction. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os processos estilísticos e performáticos do rock alternativo de Goiânia na atualidade (últimos cinco anos), a partir do estudo de caso relacionado à música de três bandas goianienses selecionadas, considerando suas escolhas estéticas, posicionamentos artísticos e, afinal, suas práticas, visando processos identitários implicados com esse gênero musical na cidade. A trajetória metodológica que possibilitou atingir o objetivo previsto, buscando métodos e teorias que privilegiaram o simbólico que dá suporte ao representacional, se consistiu em análise e interpretação de partituras, transcrições e performances musicais, sempre relacionadas à análise e interpretação realizadas também a partir de Cds, DVDs, observação de fotografias e de apresentações ao vivo, letras de canções, dados colhidos no estudo dos cenários sócio-histórico e culturais em questão e através dos relatos de entrevistas concedidas pelos atores sociais implicados com o objeto de estudo. Através desses processos, foi possível constatar a evidência de um rock alternativo goianiense, mais especificamente ligado à vertente do stoner rock, exibindo densidade sonora volumosa, muito próximo estilisticamente do rock americano/inglês, distanciado ideologicamente de vertentes nacionais em sua relação com a indústria cultural e com o cultivo de elementos da cultura nacional e regional. Ao interagir com um cenário tradicional goianiense implicado também com a luta de representações entre tradição e modernidade, o rock alternativo da cidade mostrou traços significativos de um posicionamento de resistência perante a hegemonia das representações ligadas à musica sertaneja, à relação dessa musica com resíduos da cultura das oligarquias do passado goiano e com os mecanismos mais radicais da indústria cultural. Revelou processos identitários, portanto, um dos vetores de uma identidade goianiense sempre em construção.

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Cette étude relève de la didactique des langues, mais elle s’appuie également sur la linguistique. Elle se rapporte aux représentations culturelles des exercices de grammaire des manuels de Français enseigné langue étrangère de 1980 à 2000, ces impensés culturels. Vus sous l’angle de la didacticité, les manuels scolaires sont des lieux de connaissances faisant circuler des valeurs de société. Quelques exemples d’analyses des manuels scolaires ont montré la nécessité de l’étude des représentations pour améliorer la description scolaire et pour éduquer les apprenants à l’altérité. La littérature de l’analyse de contenu a été revisitée ainsi que celle de l’analyse de discours en France et plus particulièrement celle de la « Critical Discourse Analysis ». Le corpus a été constitué sur la base de 36 manuels de français enseigné langue étrangère de niveaux 2 et 3. Après la description du corpus qui fait apparaître huit types d’exercices de grammaire, nous avons procédé aux différentes phases de traitement des énoncés au terme duquel se sont dégagées des catégories qui renseignent sur les représentations des individus et sur leurs valeurs. Nous avons étudié les représentations des hommes et des femmes, de la famille, du couple, du divorce et du mariage, des jeunes, des personnes âgées, des « autres », des « étrangers » et leur mode de vie à travers les valeurs de l’argent, les distractions, la nourriture et les formes de politesse. Les exercices de grammaire démontrent aussi que les manuels scolaires peuvent être de meilleurs objets pour la communication interculturelle. / The study lies in the field of didactics, but it also refers to linguistics, sociology and cultural studies. It is devoted to the cultural representations in grammar exercises of textbooks of French taught as a foreign language from 1980 to 2000. Considered under the angle of didactics, textbooks are social mirors reflecting values of societies. Some examples of analysis of textooks showed the necessity of studying the representations to improve educational description and to educate the learners to cultural diversity. Not only the theoritical history of the analysis of content has been reviewed but also the French methods of discourse analysis and those of the Critical Discourse Analysis. The study rans throughout the grammar exercises of thirty-five textbooks of levels 2 and 3. After the description of this study which makes appear eight types of grammar exercices, different levels of the procedures revealed categories which deal with the representations of the human identities and theirs values. The representations of men, women, family and couple life, divorce and mariage, and those of the youth and old people, of the foreigners, throughout their way of living and their values such as money,hobbies, food and the form of polite manners.The grammar exercises also make the proof that textbooks can be better objects for intercultural communication

Cette thèse a pour objet la relation entre les Britanniques et les Hachémites depuis la Première Guerre mondiale, lorsque par la Révolte arabe, la famille du Chérif de La Mecque scelle son alliance avec la Grande-Bretagne, jusqu'à la révolution irakienne de 1958 qui renverse la monarchie hachémite dans ce pays. La relation anglo-hachémite est la coopération d'une puissance impériale avec une dynastie locale dont les membres sont cooptés par les Britanniques pour créer des régimes arabes favorables aux intérêts britanniques. Nous en proposons cependant une lecture originale en analysant l'influence des représentations culturelles sur la manière dont les Britanniques choisissent les Hachémites comme alliés puis coopèrent avec eux pendant plusieurs décennies. Les Hachémites correspondent aux critères raciaux et culturels qui fondent la vision britannique de ce qu'est l'identité arabe, en plus de jouir d'une légitimité religieuse grâce à leur ascendance et leur statut. En nous appuyant aussi bien sur les archives privées des responsables britanniques en poste auprès des Hachémites que sur les archives du gouvernement britannique, nous rendons compte de l'évolution du discours culturel des Britanniques sur les Hachémites en fonction du contexte politique. Les Britanniques jugent en effet la capacité de leurs alliés à incarner l'identité des pays qu'ils gouvernent tout en préservant les intérêts britanniques, et ce jusqu'au milieu des années 1950. Cette thèse entend ainsi illustrer le poids des représentations culturelles sur la manière dont les Britanniques choisissent et coopèrent avec les élites locales au sein de l'empire. / The object of this thesis is the relationship between the British and the Hashemites from the First World War, when the Arab revolt signaled the alliance between the sharif of Mecca's family and Great-Britain, to the 1958 Iraqi revolution which toppled the country's Hashemite monarchy. The relationship between Britain and the Hashemites was a cooperation between an imperial power and a local dynasty whose members were coopted by Britain to create Arab regimes friendly to British interests. However, the purpose of this thesis is to shed new light on this relationship by analysing the influence of cultural representations on the way the British chose the Hashemites as allies and cooperated with them for several decades afterwards. The Hashemites matched the racial and cultural criteria which formed the basis of the British vision of Arab identity, while this family also enjoyed a religious legitimacy derived from its ancestry and status. Through the use of both the private papers of the British officials who worked closely with the Hashemites and the archives of the British government, this thesis explores how the British cultural discourse on the Hashemites evolved according to the political context. The British judged their allies' capacity to embody the identity of the countries they ruled over while preserving British interests, all the way to the mid 1950's. This thesis thus intends to illustrate the influence of cultural representations on the way the British chose and cooperated with local elites in the empire.