Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-08-25T11:59:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Soares Lelis Gori_.pdf: 3233868 bytes, checksum: 85348cf4692a41fcec31474ebaaed132 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-25T11:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Soares Lelis Gori_.pdf: 3233868 bytes, checksum: 85348cf4692a41fcec31474ebaaed132 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-15 / Nenhuma / As Instituições Federais de Ensino buscam, constantemente, implementar avanços em um de seus principais instrumentos de planejamento e controle, o orçamento público anual. Em vista da natureza e das características especiais destas instituições, o seu processo orçamentário se reveste de especificidades e exige estudos e análise para melhor compreensão desse fenômeno. Surge, então, como um instrumento de auxílio na gestão orçamentária a avaliação de desempenho através de indicadores. A pesquisa avança para a proposição de um modelo que melhor trate o objeto deste estudo. Logo, para a realização deste trabalho, foi utilizada a DSR como método de pesquisa, apoiada pelo método AHP. Assim, o presente estudo se propôs a desenvolver um modelo de distribuição de recursos orçamentários, baseado em indicadores de desempenho para as unidades de ensino que compõem um Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. A instituição escolhida localiza-se na região Norte. O modelo proposto foi aplicado no processo de distribuição de orçamento para oito unidades que compõem a referida instituição, adotando dois critérios, número de discentes regularmente matriculados e a avaliação de indicadores de desempenho. Três etapas integradas entre si, mas com finalidades diferentes estruturam o modelo proposto. A primeira etapa do modelo consiste na avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho, por meio do método AHP, indicadores estes selecionados por um grupo de nove especialistas. A segunda etapa consiste na obtenção de uma pontuação para cada unidade de ensino da instituição pesquisada, de acordo com a avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho. A terceira e última etapa consiste na definição de um peso para cada unidade de ensino para aplicação no orçamento de 2016 da instituição. Como principal resultado, verificou-se que o modelo proposto, quando comparado com o modelo atual, imprime uma nova postura no processo orçamentário da instituição, implementando mecanismos que permitem valorizar o esforço acadêmico de suas unidades através do uso dos indicadores de desempenho, proporcionando uma equalização entre as unidades que compõem a instituição. / Federal Education Institutions constantly seek to implement advances in one of their main planning and control tools, which is the annual public budget. Due to their nature and special features the institutions’ budget process is very specific, so it demands studies and analysis in order to better understand this phenomenon. As a result of this, and like an aid in budget management, arises the performance evaluation through indicators. The research goes forward for the proposition of a model that better addresses the subject of this study. So, to accomplish this work, it was used the DSR (Design Science Research) as the research method which was supported by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Thus, the present study had as its proposal to develop a distribution model of budget resources, based on performance indicators for the teaching units that comprise a Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology. The chosen institution is located in the North of Brazil. The proposed model was applied on the budget allocation process in eight units that are part of the institution mentioned above. Two criteria were adopted: the number of enrolled students and the performance indicators evaluation. Three integrated steps, but with different purposes, have structured the proposed model. The first step consists in the performance indicators evaluation, through the AHP method; such indicators were selected by a group of nine experts. The second step consists in obtaining a score for each teaching unit of the researched institution, according to the assessment of performance indicators. The third and final step consists in defining a weight for each teaching unit for using in the 2016 budget of the institution. As the main result, it was found out that the proposed model, when compared to the current one, presents a new approach in the institution budget process, implementing tools that enhance the academic effort of its units by using the performance indicators, providing equalization between the units that comprise the institution.

Enormous developing electronic technology has brought telecommunication to the sky inspiring popularity. Wireless Network (WN) technology will be emerging so far human. Presently users give the impression loving be connected all the time (everywhere) to the network or Internet through diverse access system, e.g., Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) [9] and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access [30]. In telecommunication; MANET is considered as self-configured unlike nodes creating infrastructure-less network connected by means of WN, as nodes can exchange data packets without a central control [18]. Choosing beyond line of sight (BLOS) communication, MANET can be an intelligent selection, which is flexible for using and cost saving. However, to maintain quality of service (QoS), more or less challenges still have to be resolved [18]. Multimedia as well as VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) gaining more popularity as the internet world favored by the huge use of WN (access technologies) [20]. To maintain persistent services in different MANET situation unlike routing protocols (RP) are employed. In this thesis known (MANET) routing protocols OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) [20], DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) [30] and TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm) [14] have been considered for voice traffic as they maintaining dissimilar characteristics in the dissimilar situations as WN factors (like; bandwidth, signal strength, network traffic or load, network size) influencing the voice quality [9]. This thesis work focusing on the impact of node mobility influencing voice quality in unlike RPs in MANET. To decide the best suit RP in the MANET, the OPNET (Optimized Network Engineering Tool) Simulator 16.0 has been brought into play. OLSR is proposed to be best fitting RP for MANETs running VoIP appliance. / Enorma utveckla elektroniska tekniken har fört telekommunikation till himlen inspirerande popularitet. Trådlöst nätverk (WN) teknik kommer att utvecklas så långt mänsklig. För närvarande användare ger intryck kärleksfulla vara ansluten hela tiden (överallt) till nätverket eller Internet via olika system för tillträde, till exempel, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Mobil Ad-hoc-nätverk (Manet) [9] och Worldwide Interoperability för Microwave Access-[30 ]. I telekommunikation, är Manet betraktas som själv-konfigurerade skillnad noder skapa infrastruktur mindre nätverk som är anslutet via WN, som noder kan utbyta datapaket utan central styrning [18]. Välja bortom synfältet (Blos) kommunikation, kan Manet vara ett intelligent val, som är flexibel för att använda och kostnadsbesparande. Men för att upprätthålla service (QoS), mer eller mindre problem återstår att lösas [18]. Multimedia samt VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) allt mer populärt eftersom internet världen gynnas av den enorma användningen av WN (accesstekniker) [20]. För att behålla ihållande tjänster i olika Manet situationen skillnad routing protokoll (RP) är anställda. I denna kända avhandling (Manet) routingprotokoll OLSR (Optimerad Routing Link State) [20], DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) [30] och Tora (Tidsmässigt ordnad routing algoritm) har [14] ansetts för taltrafik som de upprätthålla olika egenskaper i olika situationer som WN faktorer (som, bandbredd, signalstyrka, nätverkstrafik eller last, nätverkets storlek) Att påverka ljudkvaliteten [9]. Detta examensarbete fokuserar på effekterna av nod rörlighet påverka röstkvalitet i motsats till RPS i Manet. För att avgöra det bäst passar RP i Manet, den OPNET (Optimerad Network Engineering Tool) Simulator 16,0 har kommit in i bilden. OLSR föreslås bli bäst passar RP för MANETs köra VoIP-apparaten. / Bergvägen 18 5tr 196 31 Kungsängen Sweden Mob: 0046(0)737106987

Since its beginnings in 1974, the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network has grown into one of the largest, safest, and most efficient payment systems in the world. An ACH transaction is an electronic funds transfer between bank accounts using a batch processing system. Currently, the ACH Network moves almost $43 trillion and 25 billion electronic financial transactions each year. With the increasing movement toward an electronic, interconnected and mobile infrastructure, it is critical that electronic payments work safely and efficiently for all users. ACH transactions carry sensitive data, such as a consumer's name, account number, tax identification number, account holder name, address, or social security number. ACH fraud consists of the theft of funds through the Automated Clearing House financial transaction network (Accounts Receivable & Order-to-Cash Network, 2012). If the transactions are intercepted by fraudulent activities, either during transit or during rest, the sensitive customer data can be used to steal the transferred funds, which can cause financial and reputational damage to ACH network participants and consumers. Even though the National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA) requires ACH participants to use commercially reasonable encryption and authentication procedures, the risks associated with employee error or negligence, physical theft, and insider theft of data remain substantial. The ACH network that handles 40 billion transactions annually has consumer and corporate financial information. As the ACH network emerges as a prominent payment channel, proactive steps must be taken to guarantee consumer safety. The primary research question “How can opportunities to commit ACH fraud by insiders be inhibited by masking sensitive data in the ACH transactions life cycle?” is addressed employing design science research methodology with special focus on this specific question: Will use of Multi-step tokens in life cycle of ACH transactions lower the risk of sensitive data exposure? To demonstrate the extent to which the Multi-step tokens in the life cycle of ACH transactions lower the risk of sensitive data exposure, the following two sub-questions will be answered: • How to model and simulate sensitive data exposure risk in current ACH transaction life cycle? • How to model and simulate sensitive data exposure risk in the multi-step tokenized ACH transaction life cycle? The research findings through proof of concept simulations confirm that sensitive consumer personal identifiable information shared in ACH network can be made more secure from insider threat opportunities by multi-step tokenization of ACH data. In the to-be system, the real account number will not be used to post the actual financial transaction. Only tokenized account number will be used by RDFI (Receiving Depository Financial Institution) to post the financial transaction. Even if the ODFI (Originating Depository Financial Institution) initiate the financial transaction using real account number, RDFI will reject the transaction back to the originator to resend the transaction using the token value. For the same account number, RDFI will have different token values based on SEC (Standard Entry Class) code, origin, ODFI, transaction type etc. The account token value will be generated only if ODFI sends a token request separately to RDFI in a multi-step manner. The research findings suggest that multi-step tokenization can be used to generate and validate unique transaction path as a function of the transaction origin number, originating depository financial institution, Standard Entry class, Receiving depository financial institution and account number. Even if the account or token value gets misplaced, the data will be of no use to the person having the information. The cipher can be further strengthened by including additional unique ACH data elements. The findings stem from proof of concept development and testing of conceptual, empirical and simulated models of current ACH network, insider breach scenarios, and multi-step tokenized systems. The study findings were augmented by running different model scenarios and comparing the outputs for breaches, network traffic and costs. The study findings conclude with an implementation proposal of the findings in the ACH network and opportunities for further research on the topic.

The successful design, implementation, deployment, and use of mobile software applications is rare. While many mobile apps are developed, few succeed. This design science research project builds and evaluates CrashApp™, a mobile application that connects lawyers and clients before, during, and after car accidents. The effective, widespread use of this app depends on satisfying the needs of three groups of stakeholders – the end-users (clients), the owners (lawyers), and the software developers. The research objective is to investigate the key differences among the three stakeholder groups on evaluation criteria for mobile app success. Evaluation strategies and methods are selected to collect data that measures each group’s satisfaction with the constructed application artefact. Research contributions are the identification of multiple stakeholder groups and the ability to design rich evaluation strategies that provide measures of application success. Practice contributions are the design and development of a useful mobile app that provides needed services to the client and effective client connections for the law firm to interact with the clients. The project produced an instantiation of the design artefact CrashApp™ mobile application, which was evaluated with a naturalistic evaluation approach, including the following methods and techniques: focus groups, focused surveys, usability surveys, and real life tests and assessments.

Today, the world contains a large number of important non-profit organizations (NPOs) that seek to maintain the welfare of people and animals and to preserve the natural world. NPOs are extremely dependent on funds from the public which has resulted in severe competition between these organizations. This has also come as a result of the cut down of government support and a shortage of donations. Their lack of financial resources indicates that NPOs around the world face major challenges and are therefore in need of customized tools to increase their revenue and ensure their survival. With the purpose of increasing donations towards NPOs, this study aims to research how a media object can be developed and marketed in Bali to motivate tourists into donating money to the Bali Animal Welfare Association (BAWA) which is located in Canguu, Bali. By doing this, NPOs can use this research as tool for application within their own organization to increase their revenues.The media object that was chosen for this research was a poster, placed in the streets of Canggu, Bali and was selected because it has been shown that visual communication is a powerful tool for encouraging prosocial human behavior. The aim was to document how the media object affected levels of tourist engagement and ultimately their motivation to donate money to an NPO. A number of theories of motivation and behavior were used to form the foundation for this research. The methodology used included qualitative data collection by way of interviews, observations of local conditions pertinent to tourist interaction with media objects, as well as information gathered through a focus group involving local tourists. Research Through Design (RTD) was the framework that was used to structure the process for the creation and the testing of the prototype (the media object). The RTD included four phases, two of which were not completed due to complications involving the COVID-19 pandemic. The research concluded that the environment, attitudes towards legitimacy and emotional engagement all played a crucial role for the effectiveness and ultimately the success of a media object. Furthermore, it was concluded that there is a need for extended research on tourists’ behavior as well as consumer behavior, in relation to donors, in order to fully understand how a media object should be developed to motivate a tourist to donate money to an NPO.

[EN] Wireless mobile ad ho networks, also known as MANETs, are omposed by independent mobile stations that ommuni ate without requiring any sort of infrastru ture for support. These networks are hara terized by variable bandwidth values and frequent path breaks, whi h are due to hannel noise, interferen e between stations and mobility. Su h fa tors require significant adaptation apabilites at different levels of the proto ol suites employed, enabling stations to qui kly respond to fast- hanging network onditions. Resear h on the most adequate proto- ols for the physi al, MAC and routing layers is still on-going, though some basi onsensus has already been rea hed and several testbeds have been setup around the world. To deploy real-time multimedia servi es, namely voi e and video, on top of su h an unreliable network environment is a very hallenging task. In this thesis we propose to a hieve that goal starting from urrently available Wi-Fi te hnology, and gradually finding the most adequate enhan ements to ea h proto ol layer of interest; we then ombine these enhan ements until we a hieve a omplete QoS framework for ad ho networks. By using urrently available te hnology we assure that the proposal of this thesis has an inherent high-level of appli ability on real life environments. Sin e our working field fo uses on video transmission over wireless ad ho networks, we will show how it is possible to support several QoS- onstrained video streams in MANET environments hara terized by moderate to high mobility levels, and by a significant amount of best efort traffic / [ES] Las redes inalámbricas ad hoc, también conocidas como redes MANET, están compuestas por un conjunto de estaciones móviles independientes capaces de omunicarse entre sí sin necesidad de ningún tipo de infraestructura común de comunicaciones. Estas redes se caracterizan por tener un ancho de banda variable y pérdidas frecuentes de ruta que se pueden atribuir al ruido del anal inalámbrico, a la interferencia entre las estaciones móviles o bien a la movilidad de las estaciones. Dichos factores requieren una gran capacidad de adaptación en las diferentes capas de la arquitectura de protocolos, permitiendo a una estación responder rápidamente a posibles cambios bruscos en las condiciones de la red. A pesar de que aún se están realizando trabajos de investigación en bus a de los protocolos más adecuados para las capas físicas, a eso al medio (MAC) y encaminamiento, ha sido posible llegar a un nivel básico de consenso, lo cual ha permitido el despliegue de plataformas y entornos aplicados que utilizan tecnología de red MANET. Ofrecer servicios multimedia, como voz y vídeo, en redes con tan poca habilidad es un desafío importante. En esta tesis nos proponemos alcanzar este objetivo partiendo de la tecnología Wi-Fi actualmente disponible, encontrando de forma paulatina las mejoras más importantes en las diferentes capas de la arquitectura de red, para llegar, finalmente, a una solución integrada capaz de ofrecer calidad de servicio (QoS) en las redes MANET. Al utilizar la tecnología que disponemos actualmente nos aseguramos que las propuestas de esta tesis tengan un alto grado de aplicabilidad en entornos reales. Ya que la línea de trabajo de la tesis está aplicada a la transmisión de vídeo en redes MANET, demostraremos que es posible ofrecer calidad de servicio a varios flujos de vídeo en una red MANET caracterizada por altos grados de movilidad en sus nodos y un nivel significativo de tráfico o de tipo best effort / Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM. (2006). Analysis and design of efficient techniques for video transmission in IEEE 802.11 wireless ad hoc networks [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/135282 / TESIS

Technological advancement has significantly impacted people and organizations during the last decade. Society is exposed to an increasing rate of cyber-attacks utilizing sophisticated tools to accomplish their objectives. Previously attackers’ primary focus was exploiting technological vulnerabilities to access organizations’ information; however, attackers have shifted their focus to exploiting the vulnerabilities in people’s human nature instead. This has resulted in organizations acknowledging that technical security measures alone are insufficient in providing adequate protection for organizations and need to invest in mitigating the risk people pose to an organization’s cybersecurity. Thus realizing the need to address cybersecurity’s social-technical nature. Organizations have begun implementing cybersecurity awareness-raising initiatives to increase people’s cybersecurity awareness to reduce human-instigated breaches. This is especially crucial for organizations in the public sector to achieve because they tend to produce more destructive and widespread repercussions to society. To provide organizations in the public sector with the means to achieve good cybersecurity awareness, this thesis aims to develop a guideline for managers in large Swedish public organizations to assist them in their complex cybersecurity awareness-raising endeavors. The thesis employs a design science research strategy to develop, evaluate, and validate the guideline with the assistance of cybersecurity awareness experts. The results show six principal factors have been established as significant for raising cybersecurity awareness in large Swedish public organizations. These factors range from user-oriented, managerial, and technical, supporting the assertion that cybersecurity is a complex socio-technical matter. The key contribution of this thesis is to introduce a highly abstract guideline to enhance large Swedish public organizations’ cybersecurity awareness efforts.

The adoption and implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM), as technologies and processes, in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry marked a significant step forward in advanced digital transformation. One of the distinctive features of the AEC industry is that it necessitates a collaborative effort between several actors from different domains to realize building projects effectively. The involved actors employ different BIM platforms and tools that best suit the task they perform. In addition, the actors rely on one another for information to successfully perform their tasks indicating the crucial importance of digital collaboration and information exchanges between the involved actors. Building product manufacturers are among the important actors in the AEC industry and digitizing how building product data is shared and exchanged is an essential factor for the success of digital BIM processes. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is a widely used data schema for representing building information in a neutral format to support information exchanges between different digital tools. Currently, IFC is supported by several BIM applications employed in the industry and can successfully exchange geometric information of a product. However, the IFC data schema does not cover explicit semantic definitions for domain-specific, innovative or multifunctional product data descriptions, making semantic enrichment of product data difficult. In addition, semantic queries, consistency checking, reasoning and automated data processing are challenging to apply on the IFC models. Several studies suggest using web-based standards and technologies, including the semantic web, to digitally manage and share information. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate how the semantic web technologies can support information interoperability and data integration processes between the manufacturing and building industries. As a proof of concept, a prototype is developed to investigate and demonstrate the feasibility of using the semantic web technologies for information exchanges. The design science research methodology frames the research work presented in this thesis and guides the development and evaluation of the prototype. The prototype is evaluated, with industry representatives, based on product description requirements derived from the research problem and related studies. The outcome demonstrates the feasibility of applying the semantic web technologies in the AEC industry, implying the potential benefits the semantic web could provide in addressing the industry's long-standing information interoperability challenge. / Implementeringen av Byggnads Information Modeller (BIM) har varit en katalysator för digitaliseringen inom samhällsbyggnadssektorn. En av de utmärkande egenskaperna hos samhällsbyggnadssektorn är att det krävs samarbete mellan ett stort antal aktörer, från olika domäner, för att effektivt realisera byggprojekt. De inblandade aktörerna använder oftast olika digitala verktyg, anpassade för de uppgifter aktören utför. De olika aktörerna är också helt beroende av de andra aktörernas information för att framgångsrikt kunna utföra sina uppgifter. Detta gör att ett väl fungerande digitalt samarbete och informationsutbyte är av avgörande betydelse. Då byggnader och anläggningar till stor del består av produkter från tillverkningsindustrin så är tillverkarna en kategori viktiga aktörer inom samhällsbyggnadssektorn och digitaliseringen av produktdata är en väsentlig faktor för digitaliseringen av sektorn. Informationsutbyten mellan aktörerna sker idag främst med hjälp av Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). IFC täcker inte explicita semantiska definitioner för domänspecifika, innovativa eller multifunktionella produktdatabeskrivningar vilket gör det svårt att semantiskt berika produktdata. Dessutom är sökning efter produktdata, med hjälp av semantiska frågor, och automatiserad databehandling utmanande i dagsläget. P g a dessa problem föreslår flera studier att man bör applicera standarder och tekniker framtagna för WWW, inklusive teknologier från området semantiska nätverk, för att digitalt hantera och dela information. Syftet med denna forskning är att undersöka hur dessa teknologier kan stödja informationsutbytet mellan tillverknings- och byggindustrin. Forskningen utfördes enligt forskningsmetodiken Design Science Research (DSR). En prototyp har implementerats. Prototypens funktionalitet och användbarhet utvärderades tillsammans med branschrepresentanter. Dessutom utvärderades prototypen med hjälp av en kravlista som utformades med hjälp av vetenskaplig litteratur inom området. Resultaten från utvärderingen visar att teknologin från området semantiska nätverk kan användas för att informationsutbyten av produktdata mellan tillverknings- och byggindustrier. Resultaten visar också att denna teknologi kan lösa vissa av de problem som länge varit en utmaning i samhällsbyggnadssektorn.

[ES] La crisis económica iniciada en España en el año 2007 produjo una importante reducción de la demanda que afectó seriamente a las empresas consultoras de ingeniería españolas. Muchas de ellas optaron por iniciar un proceso de internacionalización que asegurara su continuidad, decisión que adoptaron de forma urgente y sin el tiempo necesario para adquirir conocimiento del mercado exterior y de los riesgos que conlleva la actividad internacional. Esta situación se vio agravada en el caso de las Pymes, que por su naturaleza disponen de menos recursos y capacidades para afrontar una internacionalización con garantías. Con el diseño de un modelo de madurez de internacionalización este trabajo de investigación pretende ofrecer una guía a las empresas consultoras de ingeniería que van a iniciar o han iniciado un proceso de internacionalización. El diseño del modelo está basado en: (1) el conocimiento teórico de las variables que afectan al éxito internacional en el sector de la construcción, validadas mediante entrevistas a diez empresas consultoras de ingeniería internacionalizadas; (2) los aspectos que intervienen en la expansión internacional de las empresas; y (3) los modelos de madurez más relevantes. El diseño del modelo se realiza siguiendo la propuesta del Design Science Research (DSR), en el que se somete a iteraciones de diseño y validación que incrementan su aplicabilidad. En estas iteraciones se aplican diferentes técnicas de investigación: grupo focal, prueba piloto y estudios de caso múltiple; mediante estos estudios de caso se aplica el modelo a ocho empresas consultoras de ingeniería. Estas implementaciones han permitido identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de las empresas, su nivel de madurez de internacionalización y la influencia del tamaño y experiencia internacional de las empresas en su nivel de madurez y en el valor de los índices de internacionalización. / [CA] La crisi econòmica iniciada a Espanya l'any 2007 va produir una important reducció de la demanda que va afectar seriosament les empreses consultores d'enginyeria espanyoles. Moltes d'elles van optar per iniciar un procés d'internacionalització que assegurara la seua continuïtat, decisió que van adoptar de manera urgent i sense el temps necessari per a adquirir coneixement del mercat exterior i dels riscos que comporta l'activitat internacional. Esta situació es va vore agreujada en el cas de les Pimes, que per la seua naturalesa disposen de menys recursos i capacitats per a afrontar una internacionalització amb garanties. Amb el disseny d'un model de maduresa d'internacionalització el treball de recerca pretén oferir una guia a les empreses consultores d'enginyeria que iniciaran o han iniciat un procés d'internacionalització. El disseny del model està basat en: (1) el coneixement teòric de les variables que afecten l'èxit internacional en el sector de la construcció, validades mitjançant entrevistes a deu empreses consultores d'enginyeria internacionalitzades; (2) els aspectes que intervenen en l'expansió internacional de les empreses; i (3) els models de maduresa més rellevants. El disseny del model es realitza seguint la propòsta del Design Science Research (DSR), en el qual se sotmet a iteracions de disseny i validació que incrementen la seua aplicabilitat. En estes iteracions s'apliquen diferents tècniques d'investigació: grup focal, prova pilot i estudi de casos múltiple; mitjançant estos estudis de cas, s'aplica el model a huit empreses consultores d'enginyeria. Estes implementacions han permés identificar les fortaleses i febleses de les empreses, el seu nivell de maduresa d'internacionalització i la influència de la grandària i experiència internacional de les empreses en el seu nivell de maduresa i en el valor dels índexs d'internacionalització. / [EN] The Spanish economic crisis began in 2007 and it produced a significant reduction in demand that affected Spanish engineering companies seriously. Many of them started an internationalization process to ensure their continuity, but this decision was adopted in a hurry and without enough time to acquire knowledge of the foreign market and the risks that international activity entailed. This situation was aggravated in the case of SMEs, which have fewer resources and capacities to face internationalization with guarantees. With the design of an internationalization maturity model, this research aims to offer a guide to engineering companies that are going to start or have started an internationalization process. The design of the model is based on: (1) the theoretical knowledge of the variables that affect international success in the construction sector, validated through interviews with ten internationalized engineering companies; (2) the factors involved in the international expansion of the companies; and (3) the most relevant maturity models. The design of the model is carried out following the Design Science Research (DSR) approach, in which the model is subjected to design and validation iterations that increase its applicability. In these iterations several research techniques are applied: focus group, pilot test and multiple case study; through these case studies the model is applied to eight engineering companies. These implementations have made it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the companies, their level of internationalization maturity and the influence of the size and international experience of the companies on their level of maturity and on the value of the internationalization indices. / Lozano Torró, A. (2022). Modelo de madurez de internacionalización de las empresas consultoras de ingeniería españolas [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/183870 / TESIS

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