Der Zweck dieser Examensarbeit besteht darin, zu untersuchen, inwieweit differenzierter Unterricht in Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF1) an schwedischen Schulen umgesetzt wird und wie Lehrer*innen die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen bewältigen. Die Ausgestaltung des differenzierten oder des binnendifferenzierten Unterrichts im schwedischen DaF wird dabei anhand einer quantitativen und einer qualitativen Studie analysiert und die spezifischen Voraussetzungen dafür identifiziert. Die Ergebnisse und die Auswertung dieser Studie werden zeigen, dass obgleich verschiedener Vorgangsweisen der Lehrer*innen die Umsetzung des differenzierten oder des binnendifferenzierten Unterrichts im schwedischen DaF von großem Umfang ist. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which differentiated instruction in German as a Foreign Language (DaF) is implemented in Swedish schools, as well as how teachers cope with the associated challenges. The implementation of differentiated or intra-differentiated instruction in Swedish DaF will be analyzed through both quantitative and qualitative methods, aiming to identify the specific requirements. The results and evaluation of this study will demonstrate that despite various approaches by teachers, the implementation of differentiated or intra-differentiated instruction in Swedish DaF is extensive.

Submitted by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2016-04-18T17:23:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzi Wollenhaupt.pdf: 1934742 bytes, checksum: 05b51e77aeefc91c2211fee9a7cd6131 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T17:23:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzi Wollenhaupt.pdf: 1934742 bytes, checksum: 05b51e77aeefc91c2211fee9a7cd6131 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-10 / Compostos orgânicos de selênio (Se) e telúrio (Te) apresentam propriedades antioxidantes em muitos modelos de estresse oxidativo. No entanto, devido à complexidade dos modelos de mamíferos, tem sido difícil de determinar as vias moleculares e proteínas específicas que são moduladas em resposta aos tratamentos com esses compostos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho investigou os efeitos e possíveis mecanismos de ação de uma nova classe de compostos orgânicos de Se e Te chamados Xilofuranosídeos, utilizando como modelo experimental alternativo o nematóide Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Tal modelo permite fácil manipulação genética, marcação de diversas proteínas com proteína verde fluorescente e análise de toxicidade in vivo e ao vivo. Neste estudo, desafiamos os nematóides ao manganês (Mn), um agente pró-oxidante conhecido, uma vez que evidências apontam que o estresse oxidativo é consequência da sua toxicidade. Utilizando este agente pró-oxidante, investigamos a eficácia do Se e Te-xylofuranosídeos em reverter e/ou proteger os vermes da toxicidade induzida por Mn. Adicionalmente, investigamos um suposto mecanismo de ação. Primeiramente encontramos a dose letal 50% dos compostos, as quais foram de 0,73mM e 0,8mM para os compostos contendo Se e Te, respectivamente. Em concentrações subletais, encontramos que ambos Se e Te-xylofuranosídeo reverteram à mortalidade induzida por Mn, diminuíram a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e aumentaram a expressão da superóxido dismutase (SOD-3::GFP), indicando que o aumento na sobrevivência está associado com a diminuição do estresse oxidativo. Além disso, observamos que os Se e Te-xylofuranosídeos induzem a translocação nuclear do fator de transcrição DAF-16/FOXO, que no viii verme é conhecido por regular a resposta ao estresse, envelhecimento e metabolismo e tem também como gene alvo a sod-3, corroborando com o aumento na expressão da proteína codificada por este gene. Esses achados sugerem que os Se e Te-xylofuranosídeos atenuam a geração de espécies reativas induzidas por Mn através da regulação da via de sinalização DAF-16/FOXO. / Organoselenium and organotellurium compounds have been reported as antioxidant in several models of oxidative stress. Nevertheless, because of the complexity of mammalian models, it has been difficult to determine the molecular pathways and specific proteins that are modulated in response to treatments with these compounds. In this context, the present study investigated the effects and action mechanisms of a novel class of organic compounds of selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) called Xylofuranosides, utilizing as an alternative experimental model the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), that affords easy genetic manipulations, green fluorescent protein tagging and in vivo live analysis of toxicity. In this study, we challenged worms to manganese (Mn), a known pro oxidizing agent, as there is abundant evidence pointing out to oxidative stress in mediating its toxicity. We investigated the efficacy of Se- and Te- xylofuranosides in reversing and/or protecting the worms from Mn-induced toxicity. In addition, we investigated their putative mechanism of action. First, we found the lethal dose 50% (LD50) for the compounds, which were 0.73mM and 0.8mM for Se and Te compound, respectively. This was followed by studies on the ability of the xylofuranosides to afford protection against Mn-induced toxicity. Both Se and Te-xylofuranosides reversed the Mn-lethality, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD-3), indicating that the increased survival was associated with decreased oxidative stress. Furthermore, we observed that the xylofuranosides induced nuclear translocation of the transcriptional factor DAF-16/FOXO, which in the worm is known to regulate stress responsiveness, aging, metabolism and the expression of SOD-3, as verified in this study. These findings x suggest that xylofuranosides attenuate Mn-induced ROS generation by regulating the DAF-16/FOXO signaling pathway.

Nicht zuletzt aufgrund der hohen Zahl an Flüchtlingen in Deutschland erfährt auch das Lehren und Lernen von Deutsch als Fremdsprache einen Bedeutungsaufschwung. In dieser Ausgabe von Medienwelten werden zwei Studien vorgestellt, die auf ganz unterschiedliche Art und Weise die Frage nach einer medienpädagogischen Herangehensweise im Deutsch als Fremdsprache-Unterricht stellen.

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Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-16T17:43:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO -DANIELLE MACIEL.pdf: 2883749 bytes, checksum: 1a8570b19f832ead632d8c46a7b187bb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-12T18:03:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO -DANIELLE MACIEL.pdf: 2883749 bytes, checksum: 1a8570b19f832ead632d8c46a7b187bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T18:03:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO -DANIELLE MACIEL.pdf: 2883749 bytes, checksum: 1a8570b19f832ead632d8c46a7b187bb (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a elaboração das estratégias de pedidos do português brasileiro e do alemão, formulados em contexto acadêmico. Busca-se aqui examinar os aspectos linguísticos e discursivos que compõem os atos de fala de pedidos a partir de sua descrição e análise, procurando verificar em que medida o contexto interfere na escolha das estratégias de polidez. Propõe-se, deste modo, a realizar um estudo de fenômenos pragmáticos a partir de uma perspectiva intercultural, centrado, sobretudo, nos postulados da pragmática contrastiva (Warga, 2004), no conceito de ato de fala de Austin (1990) e Searle (1981, 2002), no conceito de face de Goffman (1980) e nos estudos de Brown e Levinson (1987) sobre a polidez. O corpus da pesquisa foi recolhido por meio de um questionário segundo o modelo Discourse Completion Test (DCT) aplicado a estudantes universitários, falantes nativos das duas línguas em análise. Conclui-se, por conseguinte, que o estudo dos atos de fala de pedidos em toda a sua complexidade – ou seja, não apenas do ato principal em si, como também dos elementos discursivos que o introduzem, o encerram e que servem como atenuadores da força do ato ilocucionário no sentido de torná-lo mais polido –, é de suma importância para a efetiva compreensão de relações sócio-culturais que expressam e são mediatizadas pela linguagem / Anliegen der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, die Erarbeitung von Formulierungsstrategien bei Sprechakten der Bitte auf Portugiesisch und Deutsch zu analisieren. Man beabsichtigt hier, die linguistischen und diskursiven Aspekte zu untersuchen, die die Sprechakte der Bitte ausmachen, ausgehend von der Beschreibung und Analyse solcher Sprechakte. Dabei versucht man festzustellen, in welchem Maße der Kontext die Strategiewahl der Höflichkeit beeinträchtigt. Vor dem Hintergrund einer interkulturellen Perspektive geht es also um eine Studie pragmatischer Phänomene. Folglich behandelt man die Ausgangspunkte der vergleichenden Pragmatik, das Sprechaktkonzept von Austin (1990) und Searle (1981, 2002), das Gesichtskonzept von Goffman (1980) und die Studien zu Höflichkeit von Braun und Levinson (1987). Der Datenkorpus der Umfrage wurde mittels einer Befragung nach dem Discourse-Completion-Task-Modell (DCT) bei Universitätsstudenten erfasst, Muttersprachler beider Sprachen waren in der Analyse vertreten. Daraufhin kommt man zum Schluss, die Studie der Sprechakte der Bitte in ihren ganzen Komplexität – d.h. nicht nur durch den Hauptaktes in sich, sondern auch durch die diskursiven Bausteine, die den einführen, schliessen und die als Elemente zum Abschwächen von der Kaft des ilokutionären Aktes gelten, um ihn höfflicher zu werden –, sei von extremer Wichtigkeit für das Verstehen der gesellschaftlichkulturellen Verhältnisse, die die Sprache ausdrücken und von ihr vermittelt werden

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Le vieillissement s'accompagne d'une perte progressive de la masse et de la fonction musculaire, appelée sarcopénie. Différents mécanismes ont été proposés pour expliquer la sarcopénie. Cependant, la majorité d'entre eux ont été identifiés dans le contexte d'une atrophie induite expérimentalement (par dénervation, immobilisation, jeûne...) ou via des études corrélatives chez l'homme. Ainsi nous ne connaissons pas aujourd'hui l'importance et la chronologie de ces facteurs dans le contexte du vieillissement physiologique. Caenorhabditis elegans est un organisme modèle de référence pour les études de longévité. Grâce aux outils génétiques disponibles chez le nématode C. elegans, des voies moléculaires, qui contrôlent la longévité et dont le rôle est conservé chez les mammifères, ont pu être identifiées, comme la voie du récepteur de l'insuline/IGF-1. Toutefois le vieillissement musculaire a été très peu étudié dans cet organisme.Le premier objectif de mon projet de thèse était de décrire chez C. elegans les changements subcellulaires qui sont associés la perte de mobilité avec l'âge afin d'identifier des biomarqueurs potentiels du vieillissement musculaire. Le deuxième objectif était d'utiliser ces biomarqueurs comme outil pour identifier des gènes modificateurs de la sarcopénie. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence une diminution de l'expression de gènes impliqués dans la structure et la fonction musculaire très tôt au cours de la vie adulte. Ce phénotype est suivi par une fragmentation progressive des mitochondries puis une accumulation de vésicules d'autophagie. Ces biomarqueurs ont été utilisés pour tester le rôle potentiel, dans le maintien du muscle, de facteurs impliqués dans la différenciation musculaire au cours de l'embryogenèse.L'ensemble des résultats obtenus nous permettent de proposer un modèle selon lequel le facteur de transcription unc-120, orthologue du Serum Response Factor, agirait en aval de la voie de signalisation de l'insuline/IGF-1 dans le contrôle des différents biomarqueurs du vieillissement musculaires / Aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of muscle mass and function, named sarcopenia. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain it. Furthermore most of them have been identified in the context of an experimental induced atrophy (by denervation, immobilization, fasting...) or via correlative studies in humans. Thus today we do not know the importance and chronology of these factors in the context of physiological aging. Caenorhabditis elegans is a reference model organism for longevity studies. Thanks to genetics tools available for the nematode C. elegans, evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways, which control longevity, have been identified, such as the Insulin/IGF-1 receptor pathway. However muscle aging has been very poorly studied in this organism. The first aim of my thesis project was to describe, in C. elegans, subcellular changes that are associated with mobility loss with age in order to determine potential biomarkers of muscle aging. The second aim was to use these biomarkers as tools to identify genes able to modify sarcopenia. Specifically, we could highlight a decrease of expression of genes involved in muscle mass and function very early during adulthood. This phenotype is followed by a gradual mitochondrial fragmentation then an accumulation of autophagic vesicles.These biomarkers have been used to test the potential role in muscle maintenance, of factors involved in muscle differentiation during embryogenesis. Altogether these results suggest a model in which the transcription factor unc-120, ortholog of Serum Response Factor, would act downstream in the insulin/IGF-1 signalization pathway on the control of the different biomarkers of muscle aging

Nicht zuletzt aufgrund der hohen Zahl an Flüchtlingen in Deutschland erfährt auch das Lehren und Lernen von Deutsch als Fremdsprache einen Bedeutungsaufschwung. In dieser Ausgabe von Medienwelten werden zwei Studien vorgestellt, die auf ganz unterschiedliche Art und Weise die Frage nach einer medienpädagogischen Herangehensweise im Deutsch als Fremdsprache-Unterricht stellen.

The dissolved air flotation (DAF) has been used in drinking water treatment for its excellent algae and natural organic matter (NOM) removal. DAF drinking water treatability test are often conducted in a DAF jar test apparatus. Although, DAF jar test studies showed that they were able to predict NOM removals at full-scale facilities well, they have not always been successful in predicting the turbidity removals. One possible reason of the DAF jar test inaccuracy results could be associated to the small jar diameter, which may create wall effects. Therefore, the first two objectives of this research are: a) to develop and test a new, larger diameter and larger volume batch bench-scale dissolved air flotation system (LB-DAF) to better simulate turbidity removals in drinking water applications; b) to confirm these results by comparing the LB-DAF and full-scale DAF turbidity removals for two other source waters. The raw water characteristics of the three plants were quite different and the testing was performed at different times of the year. The development/optimization of the LB-DAF evaluated the impact of different variables (i.e., mixing intensity, water depth/tank diameter ratio, impeller shape, saturator pressure and recycle ratio). The results showed that the LB-DAF predicted well the full-scale DAF turbidity removals at three water treatment plants, and these predictions were better than those of DAF jar tests. For the LB-DAF design and operational variables evaluated had a limited impact on the turbidity removals. The LB-DAF predicted well DAF full-scale turbidity removals regardless of water temperature. This is an indication of the robustness of the DAF system. Ballasted sedimentation (BS) is a compact coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation process combination that has become very popular because it is very compact and because it can handle large variations in raw water turbidity and NOM. The literature survey did not initially identify studies on the BS treatment of algal impacted waters, for which DAF is considered particularly suitable. Thus, the third main objective of this dissertation was to compare the efficiency of BS with that conventional gravity settling (CGS), and that of DAF for the treatment of an algal impacted water via jar tests. These comparisons were performed at the Belleville Water Treatment Plant using Bay of Quinte water, one of the most eutrophic zones of Lake Ontario. Unfortunately, a change of weather prior to the testing resulted in raw water samples with relatively low concentrations of algae and cyanobacteria. The testing showed that DAF and BS had very similar NOM, cyanobacteria/algae (chlorophyll a and phycocyanin) removals.; however, the BS required microsand addition, polymer addition and a slightly higher alum dose. Only for turbidity removal the DAF was somewhat superior. It is suggested that these comparison experiments be repeated with waters that are more impacted by algae and cyanobacteria.

O processo de flotação por ar dissolvido antecedendo a filtração, constitui hoje técnica já consolidada para clarificação de água para abastecimento. Apesar de apresentar elevada eficiência de remoção de partículas em suspensão e das diversas vantagens associadas a sua utilização, ainda existem particularidades deste processo pouco conhecidas. Visando compreender melhor a flotação por ar dissolvido e contribuir para a otimização das unidades existentes e também nos projetos de novas unidades, foram utilizadas técnicas de fluidodinâmica computacional para estudar as condições de escoamento entre água e ar observadas numa unidade piloto de flotação. A flotação foi investigada através de simulações em ambiente de CFD, acoplado a experimentos laboratoriais em instalação piloto de flotação por ar dissolvido. Estes últimos compreenderam a execução de ensaios com traçador para obtenção das curvas de distribuição de tempo de residência na unidade em questão e também por testes com sonda do tipo Micro ADV para levantamento do perfil de velocidades de escoamento no interior da unidade piloto. Os resultados das análises experimentais com sonda Micro ADV indicaram a presença de escoamento estratificado na região superior da zona de separação da unidade piloto. As curvas de distribuição do tempo de residência apontaram para escoamento do tipo pistonado. O tempo de detenção observado nos ensaios foi de 19,29 e 18,66 minutos respectivamente para escoamento somente de água e sem recirculação e escoamento entre água e ar. As simulações em CFD confirmaram a presença de escoamento estratificado na zona de separação e também a presença de uma manta de microbolhas de ar na mesma. Os resultados foram sensíveis ao diâmetro de microbolhas testado, com maior concentração de ar na zona de separação quando testados diâmetros de microbolhas menores que 60 µm. As curvas de distribuição de tempo de residência obtidas nas simulações em CFD foram capazes de representar o escoamento entre água e ar. O tempo de detenção hidráulico simulado foi de 14,24 e 18,90 minutos respectivamente para as mesmas condições experimentais testadas. De uma maneira geral, as simulações em CFD foram capazes de reproduzir as condições de escoamento entre ar e água observadas na unidade piloto de flotação, os resultados computacionais são condizentes com aqueles obtidos nos ensaios experimentais. / The dissolved air flotation process preceding filtration, consist in established technique for clarification of water supply. Despite presenting high suspended particle removal efficiency and the various advantages associated with their use, there are still a few particularities of this process slightly unknown. To better understand the dissolved air flotation and contribute to the optimization of the existing units and also in projects of new units, computational fluid dynamics techniques were used to study the flow conditions between water and air observed in a flotation pilot plant. The flotation process was investigated in CFD environment, coupled to laboratory experiments in dissolved air flotation scale pilot plant. The latter comprised running tests with tracer to obtain the residence time distribution curves in the pilot plant, tests with micro ADV probe were also conducted for raising the flow velocity profile within the unit. The results of micro ADV experimental analyzes indicated the presence of stratified flow in the upper region of the separation zone of the pilot plant. The residence time distribution curves pointed to plug flow. The retention time observed in the experiments were 19,29 and 18,66 minutes, respectively for the flow of water only and without recirculation and flow of water and air. The CFD simulations confirmed the presence of stratified flow in the separation zone and also the presence of a microbubble air blanket therein. The results were sensitive to the diameter of microbubbles tested, with bigger air concentration in the separation zone when tested with microbubbles diameters smaller than 60 micrometers. The residence time distribution curves obtained in CFD simulations were able to represent the water and air flow. The simulated hydraulic retention times obtained were 14,24 and 18,90 minutes, respectively, for the same experimental conditions. In general, the CFD simulations were able to reproduce the flow conditions observed between air and water in the flotation pilot plant, the computational results were consistent to those obtained in the experiments.