Deux axes structurent ce travail de recherche : la comparaison franco-allemande et la construction de l’identité professionnelle de journalistes de la presse quotidienne nationale/suprarégionale. La construction de l’identité professionnelle est analysée au carrefour des interactions entre le journaliste comme individu, l’organisation dans laquelle il est employé, le groupe professionnel et l’environnement social, tout en tenant compte du cadre culturel de chaque pays dans lequel ces interactions se situent. Pour mener cette analyse à partir d’une trentaine d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec des journalistes print et web, un regard croisé sur les approches développées par des chercheurs en France et en Allemagne a servi de point de départ. Afin de restreindre l’objet de recherche, la comparaison a été limitée aux rubriques politique, société et culture. La coexistence du journal papier et du site web défie l’identité professionnelle des journalistes, et influence l’image de soi et la perception respective des journalistes print et web. Dans ce contexte, des différences entre le print et le web qui se traduisent par des ressemblances transnationales parmi les journalistes de chaque support apparaissent, même si tous les journalistes se retrouvent unis par des attaches identitaires communes liées à d’anciens idéaux du métier.Malgré ces fortes ressemblances, la construction de l’identité professionnelle est influencée par le contexte national : notamment les différences d’organisation étatique se reflètent à divers niveaux, allant de la structure du paysage de presse et de l’organisation des rédactions et services jusqu’à la formation et la mobilité professionnelle des journalistes. / The present work is structured by two main perspectives: the French-German comparison and the construction of the professional identity of national daily press journalists. The construction of professional identity is analyzed taking into account the conjunction of interactions between the journalist as individual, the organization in which he is employed, the professional group to which he belongs and his social environment, with consideration of the cultural background of each country in which these interactions take place. Before conducting this analysis on a basis of approximately thirty semi-structured interviews that have been conducted with print and online journalists, we first took a closer look on the approaches developed by researchers in France and Germany. In order to limit the object of this research, the comparison has been restricted to the following specializations: politics, society and culture.The coexistence of the print edition and the newspaper’s website defies the professional identity of journalists and has an impact on the self-perception and the perception of each other of print and online journalists. In this context, differences between print and online journalists appear which lead to transnational similarities between the journalists of each support (print or web), even if all journalists are united by common references linked to ancient ideals of the journalists’ profession.Despite these strong similarities, the construction of the professional identity is influenced by the national context: especially the impact of the differences in each country’s administration can be observed on different levels, for example in the structure of the media landscape and the news organizations and their departments as well as in the journalists’ training and their professional mobility.

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Climate Change in the Daily Press</p><p>An Analysis of the Representation Swedish Daily Papers Convey Through Their Editorials About the Climate Change</p><p>The purpose of this essay is partly to present how swedish daily papers describe the climate change through their editorials and partly to examine if their politcal affiliation effect their point of view about the climate change. The search incluedes editorials from 6 daily papers (Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Göteborgstidningen, Nerikes Allehanda and Svenska Dagbladet) from the year 1997 to the year 2003. Three discourses and the order between them, found by a former analysis (Adger and others, 2001) of the international politics of climate change, are used as types of ideal in a form of an analysis of idea.</p><p>The analysis reveals that the swedish daily papers don’t give the problem any major attention. Only a total of 65 editorials about the climate change could be found even though the papers produces several thousands during the period. Most attention occurs at the years 2000 and 2001, both are years of conflicts and demands on taking up a stand in important questions. Further the analysis shows that the representation of climate change in the editorials is being in accordance with the three discourses, and it also reproduce the order between them. The majority of the daily papers, 3 papers, dominates by the manegerial discourse, the challenger, the profligacy discourse, dominate 2 papers and the denial discourse dominate only 1 paper.</p><p>When it comes to the political aspect the konservative paper is, as presumed, the one and only that dominates by the denial discourse and the social democratic paper dominates by the profligacy discourse, also as presumed. However, the liberal papers do not confirm the presumption of them all being dominated by the manegerial discourse. Three of them are, but one is dominated by the profligacy discourse. The reason is presumably the difference between traditional liberalism and neoliberalism.</p><p>Keyword: climate change, discourse, daily press, editorial, Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Göteborgstidningen, Nerikes Allehanda, Svenska Dagbladet, the manegerial discourse, the profligacy discourse, the denial discourse.</p>

<p>When the Internet was established in the early 1990`s the daily press got a new market to act on. Contacts with readers was strengthened through the internet and as the years went by interactivity became increasingly important – both for editorial and audience. One of the most common and most accessible forms of interaction is polls. This paper has examined within what contexts the newspapers are using polls – in other words in what values of news criteria’s do the articles connected to a vote belong to. The premise of this thesis has been the existence of interaction of newspapers and the valuation of news. The study has taken the form of a quantitative content analysis in which three types of newspapers, evening newspaper, morning paper and provincial press, have been studied on the web for one week. The study showed that the articles that the newspapers created polls about deal with the criteria nearness and celebrities. The result can also be summarized as a process in which an event first goes through the process of news valuation. If it then includes aspects of nearness, celebrities or politics and is designed as a topic of opinion, the probability is that it most likely includes a poll. This process can be known as the valutation of polls which is different from the valuation of news. Another important conclusion of the paper was that the evening newspapers use polls more frequently than other newspapers.</p> / <p>När Internet etablerades i början av 1990-talet fick dagspressen en ny marknad att agera på. Kontakten med läsarna stärktes och genom åren har interaktivitet blivit allt viktigare – både för redaktion och för publik. En av de vanligaste och mest lättillgängliga interaktionsformerna är omröstningar. Denna uppsats har undersökt inom vilka sammanhang som dagspressen använder sig av omröstningar – det vill säga vilka nyhetsvärderingskriterier som de anslutande artiklarna till en omröstning faller inom. Utgångspunkterna för uppsatsen har varit interaktionens existens hos dagspressen samt nyhetsvärdering. Undersökningen har skett i form av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där tre olika typer av dagstidningar, kvälls-, morgon och landsortspress, har studerats på Internet under en vecka. Studien visade att de artiklar som dagspressen främst skapar omröstningar kring behandlar kriterierna närhet och kändisar. Resultatet kan också sammanfattas som en process där en händelse först går igenom nyhetsvärderingen. Om det sedan innefattar aspekterna närhet, kändisar eller politik och är utformat som ett åsiktsämne är sannolikheten störst att det också finns en anslutande omröstning. Denna konstaterade process benämns som omröstningsvärdering vilket skiljer sig från vanlig nyhetsvärdering. En annan viktig slutsats utifrån uppsatsen är att kvällstidningar är flitigare användare av omröstningar än morgonpress och landsortspress.</p>

School and education are topics that are frequent in Swedish media. The intention of this essay has therefore been to investigate the image of teachers and their profession in Swedish daily press. The overall aim has been to analyze how teachers are portrayed in the debate that followed the TV-show Klass 9A, and by that find how the debate defines the concept of a good teacher. The representation that was found was then compared to earlier studies. The series was shown on Swedish television between January and March 2011.26 articles were chosen and the ambition was to have various perspectives represented, such as different voices and also papers from different areas of the country. To define categories in the debate and to find patterns in how the writers discuss the tv-programme, the teachers and the Swedish school system, the method qualitative analysis of content was chosen. As a theoretical framework the dissertation Kunskapens fanbärare has been useful to see if there have been any changes in the constructions of good teachers in the discourse since the 1990's.The investigation shows that the Swedish school still is presented as a school in a deep crisis, and to change this, three factors needs to improve: the teachers need to be more engaging, the teachers education needs to be of higher quality, and the conditions for working teachers has to improve. The conclusions also maintain that there has been a displacement of how the concept of the good teacher is described in daily press, from a more subject orientated teacher, almost an expert, to a more pedagogical teacher who is interested in creating good relations with the students. The most frequent terms that are used in the empirical material to describe the good teacher are foremost enthusiasm and inspiration..

When the Internet was established in the early 1990`s the daily press got a new market to act on. Contacts with readers was strengthened through the internet and as the years went by interactivity became increasingly important – both for editorial and audience. One of the most common and most accessible forms of interaction is polls. This paper has examined within what contexts the newspapers are using polls – in other words in what values of news criteria’s do the articles connected to a vote belong to. The premise of this thesis has been the existence of interaction of newspapers and the valuation of news. The study has taken the form of a quantitative content analysis in which three types of newspapers, evening newspaper, morning paper and provincial press, have been studied on the web for one week. The study showed that the articles that the newspapers created polls about deal with the criteria nearness and celebrities. The result can also be summarized as a process in which an event first goes through the process of news valuation. If it then includes aspects of nearness, celebrities or politics and is designed as a topic of opinion, the probability is that it most likely includes a poll. This process can be known as the valutation of polls which is different from the valuation of news. Another important conclusion of the paper was that the evening newspapers use polls more frequently than other newspapers. / När Internet etablerades i början av 1990-talet fick dagspressen en ny marknad att agera på. Kontakten med läsarna stärktes och genom åren har interaktivitet blivit allt viktigare – både för redaktion och för publik. En av de vanligaste och mest lättillgängliga interaktionsformerna är omröstningar. Denna uppsats har undersökt inom vilka sammanhang som dagspressen använder sig av omröstningar – det vill säga vilka nyhetsvärderingskriterier som de anslutande artiklarna till en omröstning faller inom. Utgångspunkterna för uppsatsen har varit interaktionens existens hos dagspressen samt nyhetsvärdering. Undersökningen har skett i form av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där tre olika typer av dagstidningar, kvälls-, morgon och landsortspress, har studerats på Internet under en vecka. Studien visade att de artiklar som dagspressen främst skapar omröstningar kring behandlar kriterierna närhet och kändisar. Resultatet kan också sammanfattas som en process där en händelse först går igenom nyhetsvärderingen. Om det sedan innefattar aspekterna närhet, kändisar eller politik och är utformat som ett åsiktsämne är sannolikheten störst att det också finns en anslutande omröstning. Denna konstaterade process benämns som omröstningsvärdering vilket skiljer sig från vanlig nyhetsvärdering. En annan viktig slutsats utifrån uppsatsen är att kvällstidningar är flitigare användare av omröstningar än morgonpress och landsortspress.

I denna studie analyseras funktionen av ordet hen i syfte att undersöka hur ordet används i dag. Hen fungerar som könsneutralt pronomen i svenskan men fyller även andra syntaktiska och könsöverskridande funktioner. Materialet har analyserats med en kvantitativ ansats och består av texter från dagspress där de olika förekomsterna av hen har kategoriserats efter funktion och texttyp. Uppsatsens avsnitt om teori behandlar språkplanering, feministisk språkplanering och hens uppkomst. Resultatet visar att hen främst fyller syntaktiska funktioner i dagspress, där 143 av 167 förekomster av ordet användes i funktioner som i den här studien kategoriserats som syntaktiska. Den vanligaste funktionen i materialet var hen i generisk referens. Ordet användes inom 15 olika texttyper inom dagspress, främst artiklar och krönikor, där hen i generisk referens var vanligast i artiklar och hen i maskerande funktion var vanligast i krönikor. / This study analyzes the function of the Swedish gender-neutral pronoun hen with the purpose of examining how the word is used today. Aside from being used as a gender-neutral pronoun, hen is also used in other syntactical functions as well as gender-transcending functions. The study material consists of texts from daily press that have been analyzed through a quantitative method. The various uses of hen have been categorized by function and text type. The theoretical part of the study introduces language planning, feminist language planning, and the origins of hen. The results of the study indicate that hen mainly fills a syntactical function in daily press, as 143 out of 167 uses of the word were in functions that can be categorized as syntactical. The most common function of hen found in the material was hen in generic reference. Hen was used in 15 different text types within daily press, most commonly in articles and columns. In articles, hen in generic reference was most common, while in columns most of the found hen were used in a concealing function.

Diploma thesis "Tabloidization of the Czech Daily Press - Changes between 1995 - 2010" deals with continuous process of changes in Czech daily press. The study focuses on national Czech dailies both quality press and tabloid during the period of 1995 to 2010. It tries to explain different aspects that have brought the changes. The goal of this study is to show the tabloidization characteristics with the defined indicators in the quantitative analysis. Based on analysed data it can be concluded that not all dailies chosen show all features of tabloidization. The results of this investigation also indicated that the Czech dailies mostly tend to increase the number of local news and decrease the number of political news.

Since Greta Thunberg started her environmental school strike in August 2018 she has become a world famous activist and has been portrayed in news media everywhere. The aim of this bachelor study has been to examine how Greta Thunberg has been portrayed in the Swedish news media through examining two daily press newspapers and two evening press newspapers. This resulted in analyzing articles in Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. By using a qualitative and a quantitative content analysis we investigated three different events connected to Greta Thunberg through published articles. During 2018 the event that started her journey, which is the school strike, was selected as one of these happenings. During 2019 we chose her UN- speech in New York, and for the last event her speech at the World Economic Forum's Annual Meeting in Davos was chosen. By choosing these specific events we could build a perception of what the media's portrayal of Greta Thunberg has been like during these three years. Therefore this study also aimed to answer the following research questions: - How has Greta Thunberg been portrayed in the daily press and the evening press? - Has the portrayal of Greta Thunberg changed over time? In this study we used the Framing Theory and also the protest paradigms as guidelines and we also applied von Zabern &amp; Tulloch (2020) and Bergmann &amp; Ossewaardes (2020) different frames. This study then led to an identification of a new framing of Greta Thunberg which we named “Speaking without speaking”, mostly consisting of what politicians and celebrities are saying about Greta Thunberg in the press. We also found that by examining these specific events that Greta Thunberg has been portrayed in different ways. Therefore we could also conclude that the framings and portrayals of Greta Thunberg changed throughout time. This means that she went from being portrayed as a young girl skipping school for the climate, to a world famous environmental activist and finally becoming a trustworthy leader. Therefore our study shows that Greta Thunberg was being undermined due to her young age in the ibeginning, but as her status grew the media changed their portrayal of her into the role model that she has become today.

The paper analyzes the archaeological topics published from the 1st January 2014 until the last day of the 2014 in selected Czech media, specifically in the newspapers called Právo, Hospodářské noviny, Mladá fronta Dnes. Examined is also tabloid Blesk. Included are also their online portals - www.novinky.cz, www.lidovky.cz, www.iHNed.cz, www.idnes.cz, www.denik.cz and www.blesk.cz. Based on the analysis reproduced articles exported from the media database and based on the online questionnaires that were used to question journalists and archaeologists redefined the basic rules of communication between them, including communication difficulties which may arise during common cooperation. The thesis also contains a database of the editors and active journalists who deal with such problems, including their work contacts, to facilitate the work of archaeologists attempt at media coverage of their own research, and many other archaeological projects. Keywords Archaeology, mass media, daily press, publicity, infotainment, journalist, newspaper, communication, medialisation, popularization

Denna studie syftade till att jämföra dagspressens konstruktioner av två gärningspersoner med olika etniska tillhörigheter, den ena svensk och den andra uzbekisk. Vid urvalet av tidningsartiklar inkluderades samtliga användbara artiklar som publicerats under en tidsperiod på sju dagar. Artiklarna studerades därefter genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Av detta återfanns att dagspressen genomgående konstruerade gärningspersonerna på olikartade sätt med fokus på den svenska gärningspersonens normalitet och den uzbekiska gärningspersonens utifrånskap. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av det teoretiska förhållningssättet Orientalismen och begreppsparen “Vi” och “De andra”. En återkommande slutsats var attdagspressen rapporterade om den svenska gärningspersonen på ett tilltalande sätt vilket kunde uppfattas som “Vi” medan den uzbekiska gärningspersonen framställdes med en negativ betoning, förenligt med “De andra”. Sammantaget kunde etnicitet förstås ha varit en betydande faktor vid dagspressens konstruktion av dessa gärningspersoner. / The aim of this study was to compare the daily press’ constructions of two culprits with diverse ethnicities, one Swedish and one Uzbek. When sampling for news articles, all usable ones that were published within a time span of seven days were included. The articles were studied through a qualitative content analysis. The main result was that the daily press consistently constructed the culprits in different ways, by focusing on the normality of the Swedish and on the alienation of the Uzbek. The result was analyzed using the theoretical perspective Orientalism as well as the concept pair of “Us” and “The others”. A recurring conclusion was that the daily press presented the Swedish culprit in a pleasant way which could be understood as “Us” while the Uzbek culprit was described in negative manners, consistent with “The others”. Altogether, ethnicity could be understood as a considerable factor in the daily press’ constructions of these culprits.