Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-05-04T18:15:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Jordênia Adelaide de Almeida.pdf: 80798632 bytes, checksum: eb8075a92b6c53e7d964942b5973c2e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T18:15:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Jordênia Adelaide de Almeida.pdf: 80798632 bytes, checksum: eb8075a92b6c53e7d964942b5973c2e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-19 / CAPES / The contemporary International Relations concentrating means and processes leaving the current course of globalization, as: scientific-technical revolution, domestication of international relations, increasing participation in the international, subnational governments (regions, states, cities, counties, provinces, governments sites in general), with noticeable fiscal decentralization and political power of the Nation-States. An important issue, but outside the mainstream of International Relations, is paradiplomacy, which has ancient roots and is gaining new proportions nowadays, through international cooperation processes decentralized, a phenomenon emphasizing systems of government with political decentralization of power, that provide greater or lesser degree of openness to international foray of the Non-Central Governments (NCG). This dissertation seeks to address foreign affairs of municipal governments in Brazil, focusing on the concept of Local International Management, but also highlights the financial cooperation through external funding. In this process, we observe the construction of an agenda of local municipal interests on the international level, putting into perspective Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco, which has an International Relations Coordination, and the Capibaribe Melhor Project, highlighting for external funding, in this case, with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development - IBRD. This study aims to show empirically the treatment of international integration of federal Brazilian Federal Government and paradiplomacy in Northeastern Brazil, a heterogeneous process of projection international of the cities, but which strengthens the perception of an endogenous local development. To meet this goal, the theoretical dimension have contributions from researchers in the area and a discussion around the federalist and sociological vision, the first of which provides a more concerted contribution to the existence of the conceptual term paradiplomacy and its influence on classical diplomacy and second examines a reflexive debate over the role of cities internationally. As a result, research shows that both Local International Management and financial cooperation lead time and contribute to a process that is permeated by the political will of the actor involved in the dynamics. In Recife was no different, with their respective International Relations Coordination which in turn shows up as a channel for international cooperation, administering therefore international relations of the municipality. Another equally important result is the external funding, in which the interference of the Brazilian government, the will of the subnational entity in realizing local development and financial cooperation, the international actor of making resources available to the municipality, which contributed to a normalization of international financial cooperation in the country and the responsibility of commitments to the international financial institution, by the federalist entity. Finally, All this explanation, may corroborate to give more emphasize to the municipal paradiplomacy in the country, by the example of the city of Recife. / As Relações Internacionais contemporâneas concentram meios e processos que partem do atual curso da globalização, como: a revolução técnico-científica, a domesticação das relações internacionais, a participação crescente, em âmbito internacional, de governos subnacionais (regiões, estados, cidades, municípios, províncias, governos locais no geral), com a perceptível descentralização fiscal e política de poder dos Estados-Nações. Um tema importante, mas fora do mainstream das Relações Internacionais, é a paradiplomacia, que tem raízes antigas e ganha novas proporções nos dias atuais, através de processos de cooperação internacional descentralizados, um fenômeno, no qual destaque é dado aos sistemas de governo com descentralização política de poder, que proporcionam maior ou menor grau de abertura à incursão internacional dos Governos Não Centrais (GNCs). Esta dissertação procura abordar às relações exteriores dos governos municipais brasileiros, com foco no conceito de gestão internacional local, como também destacar a cooperação financeira, através da captação de recursos externos. Neste processo, observar a construção de uma agenda de interesses municipais locais em âmbito internacional, colocando Recife em perspectiva, capital do estado de Pernambuco, que possui uma Coordenadoria de Relações Internacionais, e o Projeto Capibaribe Melhor, dando destaque para a captação de recursos externos, no caso, com o Banco Internacional para Reconstrução e Desenvolvimento - BIRD. Este estudo visa mostrar empiricamente o tratamento da inserção internacional dos entes federativos pelo Governo Federal Brasileiro e a paradiplomacia na Região Nordeste do Brasil, um processo heterógeno de projeção internacional das cidades, mas que fortalece a percepção de um desenvolvimento local endógeno. Para cumprir essa meta, a dimensão teórica tem contribuições de pesquisadores na área, como Soldatos (1990), Duchacek (1990), Lecours (2008), Ribeiro (2009), Bessa Maia (2012), com a contribuição do debate em torno da visão federalista e sociológica, sendo que a primeira proporciona uma contribuição mais concertada sobre a existência conceitual do termo paradiplomacia e sua influência na diplomacia clássica e a segunda aprofunda um debate mais reflexivista da atuação das cidades internacionalmente. Como resultado, a pesquisa mostra que tanto a gestão internacional local quanto à cooperação financeira delongam tempo e contribuem para um processo que é permeado pela vontade política do ator envolvido na dinâmica. Em Recife não foi diferente, com a sua respectiva Coordenadoria de Relações Internacionais, que por seu turno mostra-se como um canal para cooperação internacional, administrando, portanto, às relações internacionais do município. Outro resultado igualmente importante é a captação de recursos externos, na qual a interferência do Governo brasileiro, a vontade do ente subnacional em realizar o desenvolvimento local, com cooperação financeira e, o ator internacional de dispor recursos para o município, contribuiu para uma normatização da cooperação financeira internacional no país e a responsabilidade dos compromissos assumidos com a instituição financeira internacional, por parte do ente federativo. Finalmente, toda essa explicação, pode corroborar para dar ênfase a paradiplomacia municipal no país, pelo exemplo da cidade do Recife.

A cooperação descentralizada, protagonizada por atores subnacionais, no âmbito da preparação e da realização dos Jogos Olímpicos e no que diz respeito à aplicação de políticas públicas, pode ser fonte de uma série de benefícios à cidade-sede do megaevento esportivo. Este breve policy paper, a partir de um estudo de caso baseado na experiência da cidade de Barcelona em 1992, busca revelar a problematização do caso da capital catalã para termos elementos que nos mostrem como o Rio de Janeiro e o Brasil, em certa medida, podem beneficiar-se de um grande evento como as Olimpíadas, considerando as diferenças sociais, políticas, econômicas e culturais entre as cidades analisadas. Teceremos um breve estudo da cooperação descentralizada e seus efeitos para Barcelona e para a Espanha, atentando à coordenação entre o poder local e o poder central na aplicação de políticas públicas. Finalmente, faremos considerações que podem nos proporcionar possíveis alternativas de bons resultados em vários âmbitos quanto à organização do Rio 2016. / The decentralized cooperation, carried out by subnational actors in the scope of the preparation and coming together of the Olympic Games and with regard to the implementation of public policies, can be a source of a lot of benefits to the host city of the megaevent. This brief policy paper, derived from a case study based on the experience of the city of Barcelona in 1992, seeks to analyse the case of the Catalan capital in order to have elements that show us how Rio de Janeiro and Brazil may benefit from a major event like the Olympics, considering the social, political, economic and cultural differences among the cities examined. First, we are going to make a brief study of decentralized cooperation and its effects for Barcelona and Spain, paying attention to the coordination between the local government and the central government in the implementation of public policies. Finally, we can provide considerations on possible alternatives that can lead to good results in various fields concerning the organization of Rio 2016.

La déconstruction des liens de coopération entre les pouvoirs publics locaux et les migrants s'opère dans cette thèse par l'étude des réseaux d'alliance stratégiques en France et au Mali. Ils sont à l'origine du processus d'institutionnalisation de la migration et du développement dans les dispositifs locaux de coopération internationale dans la région de Kayes au Mali. L'engagement de ces acteurs met en lumière la multiplicité des stratégies de légitimation et la divergence des intérêts. La cohabitation de ces différentes rationalités permet d'étudier la dimension stratégique de cette alliance au prisme des luttes d'influence, de pouvoir, de résistance à la domination, d'identification et d'auto-identification. Cette recherche montre que malgré leur hétérogénéité, ces éléments contribuent de manière paradoxale à unifier les acteurs de la configuration locale de la migration et du développement. L'étude de cas de la coopération décentralisée entre la région de Kayes, la région d'Île-de-France et les ressortissants de la région de Kayes en France est mobilisée pour révéler l'importance stratégique de l'alliance créée entre migrants, pouvoirs locaux et ONG. Elle permet notamment de cerner les tensions, conflits et relations d'interdépendance au cœur des changements et des recompositions de la coopération décentralisée franco-malienne depuis maintenant trois décennies. La spécificité de cette coopération est finalement mise en exergue au moyen de l'étude de cas comparative des modes d'engagement français et canadiens dans le développement local au Mali. / The study of cooperation between local governments and migrants is realized in this research through its focus on strategic alliances networks in France and Mali. These networks are involved in the institutionalization process of migration and development in international activities of local governments in the region of Kayes (Mali). The commitment of these actors highlights the multiplicity of legitimization strategies, the marginalization of minority communities and the divergent interests. This research shows that despite their heterogeneity these issues contribute paradoxically to unify the actors of local migration and development configuration. The case study of decentralized cooperation between the region of Kayes, the region of Île-de-France and the migrants originated from Kayes is mobilized to reveal the strategic importance of the alliance created between migrants, local authorities and NGOs. It allows to identify the tensions, conflicts and interdependent relationship at the heart of changes and reconfigurations of franco-malian decentralized cooperation for the past three decades. The specificity of this cooperation is ultimately highlighted by comparative case study of French and Canadian modes of engagement in local development in Mali. This demonstration put special emphasis on the critical discourses of the Malian authorities as partners of international cooperation.

La coopération décentralisée entre collectivités publiques françaises et africaines revêt divers intérêts qui sont d'ordre historique, économique, politique et socio-éducatif. Cependant, les problèmes posés par cette coopération sont multiples. En effet, la détermination du régime juridique applicable à ces accords reste complexe car peu de textes leur sont consacrés. On est passé de simples accords d'échanges, d'amitiés c'est-à-dire du jumelage, à de parfaits accords de partenariats. Cette évolution entraine inéluctablement des questionnements juridiques de fond. De ce fait, ces accords relèvent-ils du droit international public, ou du droit international privé, ou plutôt du droit administratif ? Donnent-ils naissance à des conflits de lois ? En cas de litiges, quelles sont les juridictions compétentes, et la loi applicable ? Est-ce possible de recourir à l'arbitrage ? Si tel est le cas, quelles en sont les modalités ? D'où la nécessité de déterminer la nature juridique de ces accords.L'assimilation de ces accords au droit international public est tentante. Toutefois, le droit international public régit uniquement les relations entre Etats souverains. D'où la possibilité de soumettre ces accords au droit interne, puisque certaines conventions entre Etats peuvent elles-mêmes être soumises au droit interne. / The decentralized cooperation between French and African public authorities has various interests of a historical, economic, political and socio-educative nature. However, the issues raised by such types of cooperation are multiple. Indeed, the legal regime of these agreements is fairly complex. Few texts have been devoted to them. Thereby, those agreements do they reveal an internal public law or a private law? Do they give rise to laws conflicts? Which courts are competent and which law is applicable? May arbitration be used? And if so, what particularities that it's regime presents? Hence, the importance to determine the nature of transnational agreements.The fact that those agreements are concluded between public entities of different national origin, namely French and Burkina Faso, they could be connected to a public international law. However, people's right governs only the relations between sovereign states. If we admit the existence of these "contracts between sovereign states”, the submission to an internal law of agreements between mere public persons of a national distinct origin seems to be conceivable.

Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une thèse CIFRE et vise à comprendre les ressorts de légitimation et les stratégies communicationnelles sur la coopération décentralisée que peut mobiliser la région aquitaine afin de l’aider à favoriser un dialogue constructif entre l’institution publique, ses représentants politiques et les citoyens aquitains / This research, part of a CIFRE PhD program, aims to understand the ways of legitimation and communication strategies on decentralized cooperation that can mobilize the aquitaine region in order to help it to promote a cooperative dialogue between the institution public, political representatives and citizens of Aquitaine.

Les échecs successifs des partenariats et tentatives de coopération dans la zone méditerranéenne ont montré les limites aux modèles diplomatiques employés jusqu’à présent et ont révélé le besoin de renouveler la participation des divers acteurs en présence. Dès lors, il s’est agi de déplacer le centre de gravité de l’activité diplomatique en Méditerranée afin d’élaborer un modèle de « diplomatie collective durable », par lequel la région pourrait servir de vecteur de modélisation pour les régionalisations actuelles ou futures, seules véritables réponses à une mondialisation croissante. Par le biais de l’analyse historique et contemporaine de l’exercice de la diplomatie ainsi que de l’évolution de la définition de la politique étrangère et grâce à l’exposé de l’effervescence intellectuelle autour de l’ouverture de l’activité diplomatique à des acteurs non gouvernementaux, il a été permis de présenter l’articulation entre les notions de diplomatie et de Société civile dans l’histoire et dans la théorie et d’en exposer les manifestations sur le terrain de la zone méditerranéenne. De ces manifestations, il a été conclu à un véritable état de fait de la diplomatie des Sociétés civiles. Face à cette phénoménologie de la diplomatie des Sociétés civiles dans les relations internationales, encouragée par les instances supranationales notamment, a été étudiée l’existence de l’insertion formelle de la Société civile dans l’ordre international afin d’envisager les divers fondements juridiques de sa participation. Dès lors, des textes internationaux ont servi aux recherches et ont permis de retracer l’évolution des relations internationales initialement exclusivement statocentrées mais qui se sont progressivement ouvertes à de nouveaux acteurs. Par ailleurs, il a été essentiel de procéder à la détermination du sujet de cette insertion à l’ordre juridique international et d’identifier l’existence d’une « Société civile internationale », simple acteur des relations internationales ou véritable sujet de droit international. Étant donnée la particularité de la région étudiée et les nécessités spécifiques qui en découlent, la zone a révélé un vrai potentiel afin d’intégrer voire d’institutionnaliser ce renouvellement diplomatique. Véritable modélisation régionale, la Méditerranée pourrait servir de laboratoire aux propositions contenues dans la thèse et qui tendraient à faire d’elle une zone pacifiée et stabilisée. / The consecutive failures of the successive cooperation and partnerships in the Mediterranean region have shown the limitations of the current diplomatic models and has also revealed the need to renew the participation of various actors on the international stage. Therefore, the dissertation has aimed to move the center of gravity of the diplomatic activity in the Mediterranean (mainly intergovernmental) in order to develop a model of “collective sustainable diplomacy” by which the region could serve as a model for current or future regionalizations, sole real answers to the increasing globalization. Through historical and contemporary analysis of the practice of diplomacy by civil societies and also through the presentation of the intellectual ferment allowing the expansion of diplomacy to non-state actors, it has been possible to show the signs of an existing diplomacy by these actors on the Mediterranean field. Facing this phenomenon of a less intergovernmental diplomacy, greatly encouraged by supranational organizations, we studied the existence of its formal insertion in the international legal order and presented various legal bases of the participation of civil societies to the diplomatic process. This analysis revealed the lack of a legal status of the so-called “international civil society” and highlighted the denial by the states of an official diplomatic action of this actor. This conclusion led to elaborate a Mediterranean model of action, integrating all stakeholders for a more collective and thus, sustainable diplomacy. Given the peculiarity and special needs of the study area, the Mediterranean has revealed a real potential to integrate, nay, institutionalize this diplomatic renewal. As a real regional modeling, the Mediterranean region could be used as a laboratory for the proposals contained in the dissertation, which could tend to make it a pacified and stabilized region.

La coopération au développement met en jeu de puissantes forces de changement et de résistance à l’interface de systèmes d’acteurs paramétrés culturellement, économiquement, politiquement et institutionnellement de manières souvent très différentes. Des demandes d’assistance sont émises et des offres de service sont proposées sur des problèmes pour lesquels doivent être bâties des réponses adaptées aux situations pour lesquelles elles ont été sollicitées. Comment se construisent ces réponses ? Comment sont prises en compte les spécificités des acteurs ? Comment sont intégrées les caractéristiques culturelles, économiques, politiques et institutionnelles des partenaires lorsque ceux-ci se retrouvent en situation d’altérité significative ? Comment finalement s’élabore une solution de développement en coopération ? Ce travail propose des éléments de réponse à partir de la coopération à la protection du patrimoine entre Luang Prabang, Chinon et l’UNESCO de 1995 à 2015 et la mobilisation d’un protocole de recherche dont les principaux outils sont empruntés aux analyses en termes de transfer studies. / The development cooperation brings into play powerful forces of change and resistance at the interface of different culturally, economically, politically and institutionally systems of actors. Requests for assistance are emitted and services offerings are proposed on problems for which must be built answers adapted to situations for which they are requested. How are these answers built ? How are taken into account specificities of the actors ? How are integrated the partners cultural, economic, political and institutional characteristics in situation of significant otherness ? Finally, how is a solution of development in cooperation worked out ? This research proposes replies starting from the cooperation to heritage protection between Luang Prabang, Chinon and UNESCO from 1995 to 2015, and the mobilization of a protocol of research whose principal tools are borrowed from the analyses in terms of transfer studies.

Cette recherche porte sur l'évolution de l'administration locale en Roumanie et en France depuis ledébut des années 1990. L'étude de la situation de départ différente dans les deux pays a étépoursuivie par l'analyse des grandes étapes du développement du cadre juridique relatif auxcollectivités territoriales : l'avènement (en Roumanie) ou le renforcement (en France) du statutconstitutionnel des collectivités et l'évolution du cadre législatif opérant les transferts decompétences et de moyens en faveur des collectivités. Cette analyse a mis en évidence uneconception des réformes qui présente bien des similitudes, mais aussi une mise en oeuvre parfoisdifférente. Une évaluation du niveau de décentralisation atteint dans les deux pays a été entrepriseau regard des critères de la Charte européenne de l'autonomie locale. Elle a permis de relever lesavancées enregistrées par chaque pays et d'identifier les marges de progrès possibles. Au final, on apu constater qu'au-delà d'un contexte initial différent et des particularités de la carte administrative,au-delà d'une application différente des réformes, la Roumanie et la France montrent aujourd'hui undegré de décentralisation très comparable, globalement en cohérence avec les prescriptions de laCharte. / This research focuses on the evolution of the local government in Romania and France since thebeginning of the 1990s. The study of different initial conditions in both countries has been followedby the analysis of the major developmental stages of the legal framework concerning localauthorities : the relatively recent accession to (for Romania) or reinforcement of (in France) theconstitutional status of the communities and the evolution of the law corpus operating the transferof competencies and resources for local communities. This analysis revealed a conception ofreforms that has many similarities, but also some different implementation. An evaluation of thelevel of decentralization achieved in the two countries has been undertaken in the light of thecriteria of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. It identified the progress made by eachcountry, but also the opportunities for improvement. In the end, it was found that beyond an initialcontext and particularities of the administrative map, beyond the different application of reforms,Romania and France show today a very similar degree of decentralization, broadly consistent withthe requirements of the Charter.